Transformers are widely used equipment in power system. Reliability is one of the major requirements of today's power system. Any fault in power transformer will lead to serious problem and continuity of power supply is affected. In order to avoid catastrophic failure and reduce outage rates fault detection in its initial stage is required. Incipient faults lead to thermal and electrical stresses on transformer leading to decomposition of oil and insulation. This decomposition will generate gases due to decomposition. Thus based on this gas concentration a Dissolved gas Analysis (DGA) is used. In this paper various DGA techniques are reviewed. Then an ANN approach is applied to these conventional methods. After applying ANN approach to conventional methods accuracy was compared to conventional methods namely Rogers’s ratio and Dornenberg methods.

Read More...

The air distribution & ventilation method, position of return air vent and air change rate having significant role on thermal environment, human comfort and energy consumption as well for an air conditioned space. In order to improve thermal environment of space, study of temperature distribution as well as air distribution is required. In this paper, author has numerically simulated the temperature and velocity contour of space in two different position of return air vent in air conditioning system. These positions are return air vent on the same wall as inlet wall and another at opposite wall. In present work computational fluid dynamics software (ANSYS-FLUENT 6.3.26 Solver) has been used for simulation. Air flow (ANSYS-FLUENT) module has been used in present work. Air flow (ANSYS-FLUENT) module predicts the temperature and velocity at three test locations which are 1 meter apart from both side walls. The Standard k-ε model is used in this numerical simulation with SIMPLE approach of pressure velocity compounding. The convergence of solution of the continuity, energy and momentum equation is obtained within the set standard criterion. The Standard k-ε model is used in this numerical simulation with SIMPLE approach of pressure velocity compounding. The convergence of solution of the continuity, energy and momentum equation is obtained within the set standard criterion. From the result it has been found that the location of the return air position in the same wall gives better human comfort, however the location of the return air position in the opposite wall gives better energy savings.

Read More...

The process of design, construction and operation of sewage treatment plant (STP) requires multi-disciplinary approach. Many conventional methods are available for design of sewage treatment plants. The process involved in these treatments is either aerobic, anaerobic or combination requiring number of mechanical and electrical items thereby requiring large amount of energy. The ever growing need of energy makes the design, operation and maintenance of STP a challenging task. The conventional method of sewage treatment can be made efficient by advanced technologies and intelligent supervision but this in turn increases the total cost. However, Phytorid technology developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute treats the sewage by plant. It is found from the study carried out on nine STPs at various locations in Pune and Mumbai in Maharashtra (India) that the sewage treatment by Phytorid technology uses only 20% of the energy as compared to conventional sewage treatment plants and also it is very effective in comparative many treatment methods. It is thus concluded that Phytorid technology is the future for sewage treatment.

Read More...

In modern power system reliability and stability are considered to be very important issues. Stability of the system can be achieved by enhancing the power quality. Power quality deals with several issues and problems in distribution power system, maintaining the power quality can be beneficial for both customer and utility. As the system is increasing and is a vast network power quality is main issue to be considered for increasing efficiency, stability and reliability. Power quality may be affected by voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonics, transients, voltage fluctuation, dc offset, interruptions, noise etc. In recent era boost in computer technology and electronics devices flooded the system with the devices prone to quality of power, as the system consist of electronics load, critical loads, electronics processors which are very sensitive to quality of power. Through survey we found that voltage sag is generally present in power system. Many techniques are available for voltage sag compensation. To maintain the system voltage profile the voltage sag compensator is in need to be installed at various level in the power system. Voltage sags have become one of the most important power quality concerns in recent years. According to survey results across the US, voltage sags and short-duration power outages account for 92% of power quality problems encountered by industrial customers. Voltage sags often cause under voltage faults in various sensitive loads and subsequently interrupt the manufacturing processes.

Read More...

According to data obtained by study conducted by world health organization, lots of the human lives are being lost every year due to vehicular accidents. The accident may be due to the carelessness of driver. Driving the vehicle in a hurry, driving with insufficient sleep or driving with alcohol intake are some of the reasons for carelessness driving. Many campaigns are being conducted for causing awareness in the public about the frequent disasters occurring due to over speed vehicular movement on the road, but yet the number of injuries and loss of lives are increasing day by day. In order to overcome this situation, a wireless monitoring system along with MEMS three dimensional accelerometer and GPS tracking system with CAN protocol is developed. At the occurrence of the accident, the wireless device will send information in the form of message to predefined phone numbers such as family member, emergency medical care unit and nearest hospital for immediate medical help. The exact location of the vehicle is traced using GPS tracking system. This system not only helps in accident tracking but even in accident avoidance as in the case of drinking and driving. Alcohol sensors are used for this purpose such that if it detects the driver is under influence of alcohol the vehicle steering is locked.

Read More...

Excess of fluoride content in drinking water and groundwater has been causing increasing health and environmental issues. In this direction, a demand for development of sensory devices has an increasing upsurge in the recent years. In this article, we have briefly discussed the serious problems associated with excess fluoride content in water and the detection methods available for determining fluoride in water. Out of the many methods available, sensory devices have gained importance due to their portability and low-cost reliability. Herein we have discussed few literatures on different types of sensory devices established for fluoride detection and the scope for further development of such devices using low-cost and portable monitoring systems.

Read More...

A New dual bridge series parallel resonant converter can widen the soft switching range and improve the circuit performance by means of voltage gain with dual tank and centre tapped transformer. Sometimes the voltage drop occurs by increasing the load. So closed loop PI controller vary the duty cycle of the MOSFET Switches below the frequency of 0.5 and act as a boost converter to maintain the constant dc output voltage. The LLC resonant converter provides high efficiency with high power density which leads to their applications in most advance technology. The main aim of this project was to boost up the output voltage, current stabilization and soft switching by using LLC converter and closed loop PI Controller. The common closed loop PI controller is used on both the side of the LLC resonant tank which eliminates the steady-state error and decrease the start-up time of the output voltage. The simulation can be obtained by using MATLAB software.

Read More...

Welding is the process of joining two metals together so that bonding takes place at their original boundary surface when two parts are to be joined they are melted together, temperature, pressure or both are applied with or without filler metal to form a metallic bond. This paper presents detailed analysis of welding processes practices under manufacturing ANF and RVPD pressure vessel. It includes section wise analysis plus analysis of welding defects occur in various types.

Read More...

Evolution of industries/companies started in the start of 19th century. Some small and major industries/company established in this century and this company/industries increases day by day throughout the world. Due to this evolution in industries small machinery is replaced with big or powerful machinery, power capacity also increases and system made more complex. Due to this or along with this risk and hazard also increases. In every moment or every second in the word some accident/incident are happening. Accident/incident are those unwanted/harmful phenomena which reduces earning capacity of employee, temporary or permanent disablement and subsequently losses to the industries/company. Accident or Incident reduces man-hour and production which subsequently results in losses. It should be eliminated at any cost so focusing on this point of view to reduce the consequences engineering controls, administrative controls, modern industrialization and many control methods have been created to reduce or eliminate this. Accident reviewing and process monitoring is one of them which helps to identify which type of incident or accident occurs most and also which type of job has higher rate of accidents or incidents or which is type of job is more hazardous or dangerous. Reporting of these accidents and maintain the documents of these helps to find out and analysis of accidents to figure out the maximum number of accidents occurred in a year with most focusing area which has uppermost accident rate. So by reviewing and identify the gaps such type of repetition of accidents can be eliminated or reduces. By keeping in mind to reduce accident/incident we analyzed all relevant data and after finding the accident rate, frequency rate, severity rate etc. We plotted the same on accidental graph, frequency graph and types of accident on pi-chart too. This graphs shows that accident rate, frequency rate severity rate are varies in uneven manner but it’s shows that in the start and mid it is higher and in the endings of the years it is lowest this is because taking proper action, enforcing workers to follows safety rules/regulations, engineering control, administrative control and realisation of facts of safety i.e. safety increases productivity and reduces loss of man-hour hence it is profitable to the industries. Hence we can say that taking proper action, monitoring, inspection and reviewing reduces the accident/incident so kept in mind this thought we inspected and monitored the system and found out some frequent and hidden risk/hazard and suggested best suited safety measure, so by following the same risk/hazard of the same problems will reduces/eliminated. In this way by following proper safety measure, reviewing the accident/incident and implementing the same will reduces the hazard/risk and production will go with flow.

Read More...

The technology advancement semiconductor materials have most improvement in performance, efficiency and reduction in cost, weight. Since the fundamental materials like silicon and germanium are approaching material limits, it is the right time to introduce new material. Nowadays GaN wide bandgap semiconductor materials mostly used in the semiconductor devices for high frequency applications. In this paper, the GaN diode based MOSFET switch designed. Two circuits were designed to compare the switching losses of MOSFET switch and GaN diode based MOSFET switch. The measured characteristics are conduction loss, switching loss, total power loss and efficiency.

Read More...

In the present scenario of the world, air pollution is one of the leading challenges. Air pollution is a growing health risk and should be considered as a serious problem and action to improve air quality should be taken. Both outdoor and indoor air pollution has an impact on the health of a person. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the average person spends almost 93% of their life indoors. Hence, indoor air pollution control methods are very essential and should be considered seriously. This paper proposes an open platform for monitoring and controlling air quality for healthy living. Modern buildings are equipped with advanced sensing and control technologies, offering control and optimization capabilities over a large range of parameters. A variety of sensors and actuators are incorporated into a room and interconnected together to deliver monitoring, management and optimization functionalities on illumination, temperature, air quality, etc.

Read More...

Structural adhesive bonding technology is widely utilized in various applications in modern automotive and aviation industries. The use of adhesive bonding rather than mechanical fasteners offers the potential for reduced weight and cost. Adhesive bonding technology offers great design as it can be easily integrated into almost all available industrial sequences of single-piece work or mass production. The single lap joint with metallic or compo-site flat plates is the most common due to its simplicity and efficiency. In this paper, experimental investigations were carried out in order to evaluate shear strength of adhesively bonded AA6082-T6 Aluminum alloy under lap joint. Three adhesives were used from different manufacturers. The aluminum alloy metal on surface generates the micro-texture pattern is tested the shear strength. Effects of different adhesive type, adherence thick-ness, surface texture pattern depth and adhesive thickness on shear strength were experimentally evaluated using Taguchi technique. Experiments were carried out on the universal testing machine (STS-248). Results indicate that surface with micro-texture is able to achieve noticeable improvement in adhesion shear strength.

Read More...

Buildings are large consumers of energy in all countries. In harsh climatic conditions, a substantial share of energy goes to the air-conditioning of buildings. This air-conditioning load can be reduced through many means; notable among them is the proper design and selection of building envelope and its components. The use of thermal insulation in building walls and roof does not only contribute in reducing the required air-conditioning system size but also in reducing the annual energy cost. Additionally, it helps in extending the periods of thermal comfort without reliance on mechanical air-conditioning especially during inter seasons periods. Therefore, proper use of thermal insulation in buildings enhances thermal comfort at less operating cost. However, the magnitude of energy savings as a result of using thermal insulation vary according to the building type, the climatic conditions at which the building is located as well as the type, thickness, and location of the insulating material used. The project study includes literature survey covering importance of Thermal insulation, types of thermal insulation, thermal insulation methods, thermal insulation materials, advantages and disadvantages, and some other case study on thermal insulation. The detailed literature survey gave a better understanding to carry out the project work.

Read More...

With such a big volume of data growing tremendously every day, the storage of information, support and maintenance have become difficult. To create easiness to manage information, database management system is used. A further level of difficulty is added by the variety of data being captured. The data stored and updated regular base, is in different forms, which is not easy to be stored and queried using relational database. There are many databases commonly, relational and non-relational. Relational databases usually work with structured data and non-relational databases works with semi structured data. MongoDB is an example of non-relational database. In this paper, information on MongoDB is described and compared to the MySQL relational database.

Read More...

In view of difficulties of the planar MOSFET technology to get the acceptable gate control over the channel FinFET technology based on multiple gate devices is better technology option for further shrinking the size of the planar MOSFET, For double gate SOI-MOSFET the gates control the channel created between source and drain terminals effictively .So the several short channel effects like DIBL, sunthreshold swing gate leakage current etc. Without increasing carrier concentration into the channel. Scaling is one of the key factors of any new technology and it governs the design metrics of the complete technology. With the scaling up to sub-micro region, single-gate MOSFETs has served the purpose but as designing moves down in ultra-sub-micro region, the further scaling of single gate MOSFETs leads to a number of short Channel Effects which directly affects the various performance criteria and to resolve these effects, Multi-gate MOSFETs are designed and one of the most widely used and efficient is FinFET. This paper contains the brief explaination of FinFET, its structure overview, features and some of the latest work that has been carried out using FinFET.

Read More...

Smart card is a secure portable storage device used in several applications. It is important to look into various aspects and factors those related in information and communication technology. This paper gives details about what is smart card, architecture of smart card, need of using the smart card, survey on the smart card, component of the smart card, its interaction and applications, comparison with other system.

Read More...

Dairy industries have shown tremendous growth in size and number. These industries facing the problem of wastewater treatment and its disposal. Huge amount of Fresh water is used mainly for cleaning equipment and work area also during processing of milk and milk products. This wastewater contains high concentration of organic matter, high BOD, COD, suspended solids, nitrogen, etc. Such wastewaters, if discharged without proper treatment, severely pollute receiving water bodies. Thus proper treatment of dairy wastewater is necessary before disposal. There are so many treatment plants working on different conventional treatment techniques like ASP, trickling filter, waste stabilization pond, etc. But conventional treatment has limitations space, economy, and maintenance problem and technically skilled labours are required. In this study, the various recent advancements in the treatment of dairy wastewater using sequential batch reactor is discussed. The Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) is one of the probable options for treatment of industrial wastewater. It works on natural settlement and aeration process in single tank of SBR. SBR is a fill-and draw system for aerobic wastewater treatment. The results totally depend on the experimental work by giving specific time period. Main aim is removal of pH, BOD, COD and TSS compared with standard effluent values and maintenance cost with as effective treatment as possible.

Read More...

This paper deals with design and implementation of a novel low cost- six wheels mine detection robot. The powering, driving and controlling circuits are illustrated. It is multitasks cooperative controlled robot for personal land-mine detection and provides video streaming to show the exact location where the landmine is buried. It is capable of operating very long time using a new mechanism for the mine detection. An efficient design of the rocker-bogie mechanism robot is obtained. A proximity sensor system that identifies the robot environment and operation is developed. The robot detects the mine with the help of the proximity sensor and streams the video enabling the operator to control the robot wirelessly from a safe distance.

Read More...

Cooling system is a very integral part of a vehicle. It is a must thing to maintain the maximum power output and better fuel economy of any vehicle. In earlier days only air-cooling was used in almost all vehicles but the rolled out days changed the fate of vehicles by introducing the water-cooling system. The pre heating of fuel will helps to increase the performance of an engine. We will take a look on that in our following project. Our project puts forward the idea of Engine Cooling and Pre Heating of Fuel using Peltier Element. This system is not an existing system and is completely a very new concept in the field of engine cooling. With the help of the law proposed by Peltier. We made this a successful system and increased the cooling efficiency of an engine.

Read More...

The password verification of E-Banking is the convenient of multi factors. Thus, the multi factors are “dynamic ID-based” or “anonymous”. The multi factor anonymous scheme to prevent the user privacy, a common feature of these schemes is that their security is based on the tamper-resistance assumption about E-Bankings. The E-Banking may contain some public and sensitive security parameters. The secret information stored in the E-Bankings memory could be revealed by power analysis, reverse engineering techniques. The E-Banking verification is securely implemented on this method. This technique has been widely deployed for various kinds of daily applications, such as e-banking, e-government and e-health etc. The current feature of no password-related table is considered as more secure than the previous method of storing user credentials (user id and password) in database tables on banks’ servers. However, this method also easily hacked or overlooked by the hackers in capturing credentials in ATMs. So, this method also seems to be challenge when considering the unending catastrophic leakages of millions of user accounts in prominent service providers, and the prevalence of zero-day attacks. To overcome this problem, proposed a novel authentication system PassMatrix, based on graphical passwords to resist shoulder surfing attacks. With a one-time valid login indicator and circulative horizontal and vertical bars covering the entire scope of pass-images, PassMatrix offers no hint for attackers to figure out or narrow down the password even they conduct multiple camera-based attacks. A few anonymous schemes based on non-tamper-resistance assumption about the E-Bankings are put forward, and each is claimed to meet a self-imposed list of ambitious design goals. a truly image-factor scheme can ensure is that, only the user who possesses both a valid E-Banking and the corresponding image identification can be successfully verified by the server.

Read More...

Solar energy is a clean renewable way to provide electrical power available abundant and it is inexhaustible among all of renewable energy resource. Photovoltaic power system direct conversion of solar energy to solar inverter fed to load. Solar system is a more flexible to meet the world wide range of small scale energy need of rural village and more used to high scale energy to industry and urban area. The roof top system with storage facility has a battery to store solar electricity and can be utilized during night when sunlight is not available. It provide to estimation of cost analysis for 4KW off grid connected solar roof top plant. The equipment specification is provided based on availability of the component in India. Cost estimation of off grid connected roof top solar photovoltaic power plant is calculated.

Read More...

This study aims to design, develop and fabricate a roll cage, in accordance with the SAE. A roll cage is a skeleton of an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV). The roll cage is the Structural base which protects the occupant in case of impact and roll over incidents. A roll cage is a specially engineered and constructed frame built in the passenger compartment of a vehicle to protect its occupants from being injured in an accident, particularly in the event of a rollover. The main objective of the project to generate the CAD model of roll cage structure, to perform design and analysis of roll cage structure using FEA and to increase the product quality. Nowadays, most of the components of vehicle are in the stage of replacing with Steel and aluminium materials. This is due to the properties of material that can be designed freely to hold the load from any direction. Its light-weight property makes it possible to enlarge the performance of the car while maintaining low weight. On the basis of objective, data accumulated and design calculations the CAD model of the roll cage was design using Solidworks. After CAD modelling the Finite Element Modelling and Finite Element Analysis was carried out by using HYPERMESH and Nastran to validate the Designed CAD model. The linear static analysis results shows that the stresses are well within the safe limit, hence the design is safe.

Read More...

Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC) is an innovative construction material in concrete technology. As the name replies, it does not need any compaction efforts, to achieve full compaction and utilizes supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in addition with alkaline solutions like Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate and super plasticizer as a binder for matrix formation and strength. In the present study, flyash based SCGC replaced with various percentages of VERMICULITE. The concrete specimens were cured at room temperature the results showed that the addition of GGBS to flyash based SCGC, the workability characteristics are decreased and strength was increased with increase in binder content. Hence the results showed that the SCGC was suitable for room temperature curing with VERMICULITE as replacement to fine aggregate based GPC.

Read More...

The Reliance Digital is a one stop store for electronics and consumer durables. Reliance Digital has been opened in Bidar on 8 December 2016. Customer satisfaction plays an important role in the success story of any business or company. In the highly grown markets, it is important to reach out to new customer and then keep the existing customer base. Many parameters or factors play a vital role in retaining the customers. Only satisfied customers would be retained as there is immense competition in company. This detailed report based on a study conducted to understand the "Customer Satisfaction towards Reliance Digital and its products", at Bidar. A comprehensive survey was conducted to get sufficient insight for the study. The findings of the study can be used by Reliance Digital to understand the customer satisfaction.

Read More...

These instructions give you basic guidelines for preparing your journal quality paper for the Conference Proceedings. The Proceedings will be published in a CD-ROM (color) and papers may also be published later in print (B&W). CD-ROM Proceedings will be available at the Conference. The normal length of the paper must be kept to six (6) pages maximum. This paper proposes a global path and motion planning algorithm that enables inchworm like robots to navigate their way up tree branches. The intuitive climbing space representation method proposed here greatly simplifies the path-planning problem. We wish for robots to manipulate objects and move flexibly in three-dimensional spaces. We describe a robot that can move on a web of surfaces oriented around arbitrary directions in three-space and a set of control algorithms that implements motion in three-dimensions. This robot is an inchworm-like robot with a simple, modular, and flexible design. And autonomous intelligent farming robot which indicates the plant health by observing the colour of their leaves and based on the height of the plant. The robot also notes the surrounding environmental conditions of the plant like temperature, moisture and humidity so that the robot will decide about health of plant and will display on the LCD. The robot has also watering mechanism it will water the plants according to their needs by observing soil moisture and humidity. It will also tell when the cutting process should take place by.

Read More...