The maximum average temperature was observed during no load test inside the developed pyramid structure was 37.6 °C at 12 p.m. and the same time solar intensity was 710 W/m², relative humidity was 36.5 % and outside relative humidity was 33 percent. The maximum average temperature was observed during load test in pyramid structure was 36.2°C at 1 p.m. and the same time solar intensity was 315 W/m2, ambient temperature was 31.6°C, average humidity was 35.9 % and outside relative humidity 31.5 percent. Various growth parameters for wheat grass like height, temperature, solar intensity, relative humidity were observed under pyramid structure. Wheatgrass took 16 days to gain a height of 7'' in tray inside pyramid structure while outside tray it took 20 days and It was observed that outside tray is many seed loss compared the inside tray of pyramid structure while germination was observed so early in pyramid structure compare to outside condition and it was found as within two days germination in pyramid structure and it may due to high temperature and humidity inside the structure whereas in outside condition required double time. It means outside wheatgrass require many days for fully grown as compared to inside structure.

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Handwriting is the human way in communicating each other using written media. By the advancement in technology and development of science, there are a lot of changes of technology in terms of communication with computer through handwriting. Therefore, it is needed computer able to receive input in the form of handwriting data and able to recognize the handwriting input. Therefore the research is basically giving an overview of Handwritten Character Recognition inclusive of its it's need and requirement and types of handwritten pattern recognition available.

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Ismail Serageldin, former World Bank Vice-President Quotes "The wars of this century were fought over oil; the wars of next century will be fought over water". The various episodes of water crisis occurring both globally and locally, proves this statement true. To ensure sustainability, we need to look out for and apply all the strategies available at our disposal for water conservation. One among them is Rain Water Harvesting (RWH). India is a land of versatile weather where inconsistency in rainfall is frequent. This irregular pattern is seen more in Southern India. Karnataka has limited water resources, which are depleted and stressed due to Population increase, urbanization & industrialization. If similar trend in consumption prevails, it is projected that by 2030 we will be able to satisfy only 54% of our water demand and the state will additionally require 49 TMC annually to serve its population. Karnataka's water demand is highly influenced by the water demand of Bengaluru, which alone accounts for about 2/3rd of the additional water requirement of Karnataka, and is going to triple over next decade. Although Rainwater Harvesting (Amendment) Regulations, 2011, has been imposed, its absolute implementation has yet to be achieved. This paper aims to present a critical view on the need for Rainwater harvesting and bring awareness among the public. Also, we have designed a Roof top RWH system for Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru.

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Amongst all the renewable resources, wind and solar are the most popular resources due to its ease of availability and its easy conversion into electricity. A solar panel output will vary with respect to solar radiation and this radiation is less which does not meet the requirements of the load. Wind is a variable form of energy, varying throughout the day as well as with seasons. It is also not meet the requirement of the load. So we proposed hybrid renewable energy system to tracking maximum power by using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). An incremental Conductance(IC) algorithm is used for better tracking power. Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) converter which acts as a step up or step down transformer to boost the voltage based on solar radiation level and wind system. The limitations such as inverted output voltage, high electric stress on converter elements and pulsating input current are resolved by the proposed converter. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) type of inverter module is employed to convert DC voltage into AC voltage for AC load applications. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated in simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment .The practical system was tested up to 15V solar panel, wind energy, 12V lead acid battery, and 24V SEPIC converter module and 230V inverter.

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A pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure different from the ambient pressure. The end caps fitted to the cylindrical body are called heads. Pressure vessels are used to store fluids under pressure. A vessel that is inadequately designed to handle a high pressure constitutes a very significant safety hazard. Because of that, the design and certification of pressure vessels is governed by design codes such as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in North America, the Pressure Equipment Directive of the EU (PED), Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), CSA B51 in Canada, Stoomwezen etc. In the present work simple pressure vessel, inner stiffeners pressure vessel and outer stiffeners pressure vessel have been used for comparative analysis based on various parameter (Stress, Displacement, Strain, mass) for alloy steel and Kevlar material.

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Mathematics is an important subject in the secondary school curriculum, because its skills are needed for understanding and applying science and technology for development, but it has been noticed in most of the secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon that many female students unlike their male counterparts, have negative attitudes towards mathematics, visible in their lack of interest and low participation in its lessons. This attitude affects their ability to engage with Math-related content, leads to poor performance and consequently fewer females pursuing degrees in fields that require a strong mathematics background. This paper seeks to explore the factors that negatively affect female student’s attitude towards mathematics and also to show how teachers can use a gender sensitive pedagogy to improve on the attitude, participation and performance of girls in mathematics. Research questions were constructed; feminist theories and other theories of teaching and learning were employed to guide the study. The study was Triangulatory. The study utilized 450 form four students and 72 of their parents, 44mathematics teachers from 158 public secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Statistical Package for social science (SPSS) version 12 was used to analyze data collected by research instruments. The results confirmed that some factors that are related to parents and girls perceptions about mathematics and the mathematics teacher's attitude and pedagogical approach are crucial factors that affect the participation and performance of girls in mathematics. To improve on the participation and performance of girls, the Researcher recommends that the pedagogy for secondary school mathematics should be gender sensitive.

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This paper presents the enhancement of power quality using DSTATCOM which is a FACTS based device. Power Quality problems like voltage sag and harmonic distortion is compensated in the proposed paper. Voltage sag and harmonics in distribution line are caused by the intermittent switching of heavy non-linear loads and hence the critical loads connected to this distribution line are adversely affected by voltage sag and harmonics. The system is simulated using MATLAB-SIMULINK software version R2015b.

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In this paper the new kind of parameter regular equitable domination number in a fuzzy graph is defined and established the parametric conditions. The properties of regular equitable domination number are discussed.

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The research for face detection and recognition is focusing on 1) Video to Frame Conversion: To sample video at 15 frames per second. 2) Face Detection: To detect the faces in the frames 3) Face Recognition: To identify the person in the video The first step in the face recognition system is face detection to input video. Viola-Jones for face detection method is used in processing images extremely while achieving high detection rates is used. In this connection the face detection and recognition in video or capture image by camera streams is the significant step of information drawing out in the various computer vision and image processing applications. Detecting and recognition of face in video stream in generally being a challenging problem, provides an enormous attention for recognition, classification, and activity analysis, making these later steps more efficient. This paper, we are going to the describe some important aspects of the face detection and recognition, which are very much useful in the many applications like face recognition, facial expression recognition, skin texture feature, face tracking, facial feature extraction, identification system.

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The liquid comes out in the form of a jet from the outlet of a nozzle which is fitted to a pipe through which the liquid is flowing under pressure. If some plate is placed in the path of the jet a force is exerted by the jet on the plate. The aim of impact of jet test rig is to practically determine the impact force of the jet deflected through a flat plate and to compare the experimental results to predictions from a control volume analysis of fluid (water), in this experiment we find the experimental force and then compare to the theoretical force using control volume method.

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In this project, System mainly focuses on traffic police management for no need to carry the document of vehicles. Here, System Use QR code technique for the documentary purpose. In this system, the main actor is retailer, traffic police, department police. Through this actor our system become very helpful to user also and government also. In an application that replaces the current manual processes for checking the vehicle documentary through police. User side suitable to carry documents. We are designed an Android application named “RC Verify” which will be beneficial for peoples to help for do not carry documents of vehicle and maintained the document. Generating the technique for storing document of vehicle. Make easy to carry the document for vehicular user. Reduce the work and time for police department for checking and verification purpose. Retailer point of view this is also very helpful.

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With increase in population, the demand for electricity is increasing tremendously and leading to complexity in the power system. In which, substation has the critical role in the power system because it is subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system. As the power consumption increases, unprecedented challenges are being faced which require modern, sophisticated methods to control and maintain them. This calls for the use of automation in the power system. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) are answer to this. SCADA refers to the system that enables on electricity utility to remotely monitor, co-ordinate, control and operate transmission, distribution and maintenance. PLC is like brain of the system i.e., PLC is a medium between electrical system and personal computer for software to take database. With the co-operative operation of the SCADA and PLC, it is possible to control and operate the power system remotely. To reduce the gap between generation and demand, Rooftop Solar Power Plant is used as alternate source of energy. The model is proposed for college 11KV Substation at GNDEC, Bidar with grid tied 100 kW solar roof top power plants. Various tasks like determining oil level, thermal stability, moisture content, loading, overvoltage, under voltage, overcurrent and maintenance schedule in Transformers, Generators and Solar Power Plant using sensors. This type of automatic network can manage load, maintain quality, and detect theft of electricity and tempering of meters. It gives the operator an overall view of the entire network.

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Giving security in an exceedingly sent framework needs over consumer confirmation with protection and advanced endorsements and outline in data transmission Circled model of cloud makes it overwhelmed and likely to complicated distributed intrusion strikes like Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) and Cross site Scripting (XSS). To contend with immense lime scale organize get to activity and regulative management of knowledge and application in cloud, another multi-hung taken over cloud IDS show has been projected. Our projected cloud IDS mange large stream of knowledge parcels, examine that and build reports fruitfully by incorporating learning and conduct investigation to acknowledge interruptions. Today, varied associations are moving their reckoning administrations towards the Cloud. This makes their computer getting ready accessible considerably additional well to shoppers. Be that because it might, it likewise brings new security dangers and difficulties regarding successfulness and unwavering quality. Truth be told, Cloud Computing is a seductive and cost-sparing administration for purchasers because it provides availableness and responsibility selections to shoppers and versatile deals for suppliers. Despite being appealing Cloud embrace postures completely different new security dangers and difficulties with regards to conveyance Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in Cloud things. Most Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are meant to contend with explicit types of assaults. It's apparent that no single procedure will guarantee security against future assaults. Later on, there's a demand for a coordinated arrange which might offer vigorous security against a complete vary of dangers. Distributed computing alludes to the arrangement of machine assets for the asking by suggests that of a computer organize .shoppers or customers will gift AN enterprise, for instance, word getting ready, to the specialist organization, for instance, Google, while not very having the specified programming or instrumentation. The purchaser's computer might contain nearly no product or data (maybe a negligible operating framework and net program just), filling in as meagre in way over a show terminal related to the net. Since the Cloud is that the hidden conveyance instrument, Cloud based mostly applications and administrations might bolster any variety of programming application or administration getting used these days. The elemental qualities of Cloud Computing incorporate On-request self-benefit that empowers shoppers to expend reckoning skills (e.g., applications, server time, organize capacity) as and once needed. Plus pooling that allows connexion registering assets (e.g., equipment, programming, preparing, organize transfer speed) to serve completely different patrons - such assets being increasingly dealt out. Quicks kill fullness and adaptableness that alter functionalities and assets quickly and naturally provisioned and scaled. Calculable arrangement to enhance plus assignment and to grant a metering ability to make a decision utilization for charging functions Extension to existing instrumentation and application assets, during this manner, modification the value of additional plus provisioning. The cloud is not only the foremost recent elegant term for the net.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily diagnosed by clinical examinations, such as walking test, handwriting test, and MRI diagnostic. In our research, we propose to diagnose Parkinson’s disease through Speech. Classification of PD using speech records is a challenging task owing to the fact that the classification accuracy is still lower than doctor-level. Here we demonstrate classification of Parkinson’s disease using Neural Network by extracting speech features such as MFCC, HFCC, LPC, Pitch, Energy and ZCR. Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are the most widely used speech features in automatic speech recognition systems. Human factor cepstral coefficients (HFCC), a modification of MFCC that uses the known relationship between center frequency and critical bandwidth to decouple filter bandwidth from filter spacing had recently introduced by the researchers. In our project, we extracted the features from speech signal and then mean of that extracted signal is taken. To make a dataset of extracted signal mean is taken, then this dataset is fed to Neural Network which classify the signal as pathological or normal.

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In this research paper we communicate about various type manner for strain die casting like bloodless chamber die casting and hot chamber die casting and most important trouble passed off during method on aluminium alloy at some stage in technique. Casting defects are irregularities in the fabric which have a poor effect on the issue; either it's far precipitated from fabric failure, construction mistakes or as an impact of manner parameters. Defects rely on numerous factors each in the material, as an instance the alloy, as well as the encircling environment together with weather conditions. In the die casting enterprise nowadays there are numerous solid defects like shrinkage, porosity and gasoline blow.

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The main objective is to analyse the causes of failures of wheel rim. Generally, the rim’s surface gets cracked, sometimes bents due to high impact loading or crack initiates at the welds. Damage to the rims can cause vibration and the tire to hold pressure. Any damage, such as rust, cracks, dents, etc. Could result in excessive vibration loss of air pressure, instability, and even complete structural failure. Because of this, damage to wheel rims is very serious, as this could result in failure of the 'Wheel Rim' during running conditions. Though repairs can be made to a wheel's rim, visible damage could be indicative of greater damage that cannot be easily noticed, so a repaired wheel rim will never be structurally as sound as a new one. There may be many causes of failure, this project will discuss about the various failures which may arise in the rim. This project is all about the calculation of maximum and minimum von-Mises stresses and deflections with the help of ANSYS software. We can easily detect the areas where major portion of the load has been applied.

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The research trend of Boost converter had introduced various topologies of Boost converters & alongside it had marked its importance in field of renewable area. The proposed DC-DC Boost converter shows the effectiveness in terms of Gain, Core loss & Voltage stress. Through this research work the performance of proposed DC-DC Boost converter is verified through prototype developed in the laboratory, along with C^+ programming as a switching control signal. The Arduino-UNO with Bitwise operation logic used as programming tool.

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Removing Salt & Pepper noise and Gaussian noise in digital images is one of the major challenges in image processing. For noise removal we are using different types of filters such as Mean, Median and proposed filter. It also highlights the comparable results between Mean, Median and proposed modified filter. The performance of the proposed method is analysed by using various parameters such as Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity (SSIM). Simulation result shows that the proposed method performs well as compared to other filters.

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This paper presents the research work made in the field of Real Time face detection. In order to address all current face detection researches, it include approaches that uses Blobs Acquisition and Segmentation as well as those uses Kalman Filter for tracking and Viola-Jones algorithm for detection of faces. It use different current research works where algorithms for face recognition typically extract facial features and compare them with the database to find the best match.

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With rapid increase in the number of vehicles every day, the amount of scrap tire generated keeps proliferating as it is estimated to reach 1.2 billion tonnes annually by 2030. To attain economically viable and environmentally friendly tyre recycling, it is necessary to develop new applications and products, which will use tyre by-products as raw materials. Due limitation in the recycling of scrap tires, one of the most feasible solution is to used crumb rubber from scrap tire as partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete industry. This paper present a review of the recent researches carried out on investigating the fresh and hardened properties of rubbercrete.

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In many industries various types of machines and equipment have been used for various operations such as riveting, forging, hammering, cutting etc. But different problems such as low power supply, less man power and also heavy laborious work force, safety etc. This projects relates to operation performed by this can be achieved by using electric motor power attached to the shaft and hammering action can be provided. Belt drive is provided for speed reduction and power transmission so that the suitable speed can be achieved. Also the handling is simple and maintenance of the machine is easy.

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Transportation has emerged as a dominant a part of Republic of India. Toll plazas play an important role in maintaining the road transportation. At present, manual toll assortment is most widely used assortment methodology in Republic of India. It considerably needs a toll gatherer or attendant. Thanks to manual intervention, the interval at toll plazas is highest. The project has been designed for the automation in toll tax payment victimization GPS Technology and mechanical man primarily based application. This paper demonstrates the need of sensible tolling systems for sensible main road. In sensible main road operators and drivers would be ready to see in real time the data of traffic. The sensible main road is next generation road aimed toward Congestion Free, Stop Free and Accident Free through traffic data services. This study defines needs and functions for development of sensible tolling system as a four-lane free flow road charging systems. The sensible tolling systems support toll collect, no overlade vehicles, speed enforcements then aboard on wireless communication systems. In our system we develop a mechanical man application during which driver when reached at toll plazas five hundred m range victimization GPS, driver gets locations of piece of land. In our system, driver can add money in mechanical man application and it get all data concerning toll and driver can pay toll quantity. Therefore driver no got to wait in queue for pay toll quantity. In toll counter, admin person can check all details concerning vehicle and examine payment details. Using our system, we will simply resolve main road traffic drawback.

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Traveling wire electrochemical spark machining (TW-ECSM) is a spark erosion based hybrid non-conventional machining process which is suitable for slicing the electrically non-conductive hard and brittle materials like borosilicate glass keeping as workpiece materials. This paper reports an axisymmetric finite element method based thermal model has been developed for the intention of the transient temperature distribution in the workpiece which is further post-processed for determination of material removal rate (MRR) during TW-ECSM process. The predicted value of MRR is compared with the experimental results for validation. The developed model was able to study the effect of TW-ECSM process parameters such as applied voltage and electrolyte concentration on the process performance. It has been found that the effect of applied voltage on MRR is more prominent than the wire feed velocity and also MRR increases with the increase of electrolyte concentration, but they decrease with the increase of electrolyte concentration of some specific values.

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The major task in power system operation is optimal power flow. Objective of OPF (optimal power flow) is to attain diminution of power loss in transmission lines by incorporating TCSC which is a FACTS device. The control variables for optimizing the power loss are the real power output from generators, bus voltage magnitudes, and VAR outputs from shunt compensators and tap setting transformer. The fruit fly algorithm (FFA) which is based on bio inspired behavior is implemented for optimally selecting the values of control variables. The proposed algorithm is trouble-free and effortless to implement. The recital of the fruit fly algorithm is tested on standard IEEE 14 bus test system in OPF task. Statistical results are compared to literature results and found to be enhanced.

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Blades are significant components of steam turbines which are failed due to stresses arising from centrifugal and bending forces. The turbine blade has a number of geometrical variables that need to be considered at the design stage. Hence, this paper investigated a three dimensional model of steam turbine blade with different aerodynamic profile using finite element method. A three-dimensional model of blade was developed using computer-aided design software. All materials were assumed linear, homogenous, elastic and isotropic. A 150 N widespread force was applied to the blade. The results of this study showed that thinner blades are experienced higher maximum Von Mises Stress and Maximum Principal Stress than thicker ones. The blade with the parameter of profile 2 experienced the lowest maximum Von Mises Stress at 4.998 MPa. Furthermore, blade with the parameter of profile 3 experienced the lowest Maximum Principal Stress at 4.419 MPa.

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