Data mining is the process of sorting through large datasets to identify patterns and establish relationship to solve a problem through data analysis. One of the major unsolved problems is the management of unstructured data. The unstructured data such as multimedia files, documents, comments, customer support request, news, emails, reports and web pages are difficult to capture and store in the common database system. Data mining is the popular area of the research which facilitates the business improvement process such as mining user preference, mining web information to get opinion about the product or services. In the current competitive business scenario, there is a need to analyse the competitive features and factors of an item that most affect its competitiveness. The evaluation of competitiveness always uses the customer opinions in terms of reviews, ratings and abundant source of information from the web and other sources. The challenges arise on the features of main competitors of a given item. Here our algorithm presents the reliable methods for evaluating competitiveness in large datasets and addresses the natural problem finding top-level competitors. This project provides the optimal improvements in the competitor mining tasks.

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As in day to day life, we know that cement and sand is primary materials used in construction. As we know that in the entire world after water, concrete is the second largest consumed material by humans. If the consumption goes on at the same rate, it may get exhausted in the coming future. So we have to find alternatives to replace concrete. Otherwise as we know that concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and gravel. In the manufacturing of cement, it increases the pollution in environment, as it goes on, scarcity of cement occurs as well. A remedy to avoid usage of cement and sand is replacing them partially with the materials like rice husk ash and manufactured sand respectively. We can preserve concrete by finding replacement material for cement, sand or gravel which can give same or more strength to concrete. In past, already many replacements were done by many people for cement, sand and gravel to make better concrete. The present proposal involves replacement of river sand with manufactured sand by 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and cement with rice husk ash by 10% to get good strength concrete. Use of manufactured sand and Rice husk ash in concrete as replacement for sand and cement respectively is very rare and as both the materials are easily available and are of low cost. It would become the best replacement if it gives good strength concrete.

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Mobile Sensor Networks (MSN) is a collection of mobilized data and sensor nodes which can move separately or task define specifically. Routing is a basic step for data exchange in MSN. The routing protocols designed for ad hoc networks are suitable to MSN because they support mobility but due to resource constraint nature of MSN these protocols are not used directly. Hence we need new protocols. Zone based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (ZEEP) is one of the new protocol in this direction which is the modified form of famous Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV). The broadcasting nature of sensors presents a number of security threats to this kind of network. Black Hole Attack is one such massive attack, which consumes more data packets of the network and reasons data loss. That badly affects the performance of the network. In this paper, we investigate this issue, error and proposed a new protocol known as Black Hole affected ZEEP or BZEEP. Our simulation results show that the effect of Black Hole Attack is less in case of BZEEP that proves ZEEP is more secure than traditional AODV in MSN area. For simulation purpose Network Simulator version 2.35 have been used. To support our views we used three quality of service parameters like Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput and radio frequency analysed those using graphs that shows BZEEP gives high packet delivery ratio and throughput than Black Hole affected AODV or BAODV thus increasing the life time of the network.

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India is developing country need of energy requirement is increasing at the rate of 7.2% per year. India's GDP is growing at the rate of 7 to 8 to sustain such large development India requires energy. Non-renewable energy resources are depleting at much faster rate and hence there is no option to renewable energy resource. Renewable energy has very low efficiency but there is large scope for development in renewable sector of energy development rather than developing more energy resource we should develop existing one. Whenever we discuss about renewable energy first thing is wind energy. Modifying the present windmill for gaining high amount of power can be the best option. Windlens turbine is modification of normal windmill to increase the power by two to three times. Windlens turbine is very fast growing technology. In windlens turbine the major role is played by the shroud. Shroud is device which produce the low pressure region to increase the wind velocity which increases the rpm of the rotor blade hence increase the power output of the windmill.

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This thesis represents the effect of air circulation on cold storage with the help of experimental analysis to improving performance of cold storage and food preservation quality. Air circulation can be possible better by experimental analysis with help of hot wire anemometer. In this paper presents air velocity and temperature distribution at different point of cold storage. Air flow model is based on Experimental analysis of air flow by evaporator arrangement at top, medium and bottom Thus result investigated from this arrangement based. A parametric analysis was performed by using the equivalent model with different result of blowing air velocity and location of cooling units there was found a better cooling effectiveness and uniformity of temperature in cold store. And it is achieved by using higher blowing velocity and locating the cooling units lower and closer towards the array of the produce packages. In this research spatial distribution of air velocity was determined at ceiling medium floor for experimental cold storage and also temperature variation in different location of cold storage.

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Gi-Fi (Gigabit Fidelity) or Gigabit Wireless refers to wireless communication at a data rate of more than one billion bits (gigabit) per second. Gi-Fi offers some advantages over Wi-Fi, a similar wireless technology. In that it offers faster information rate in GBPS, less power consumption and low cost for short range transmissions as compare to current technology. Gi-Fi consists of a chip which has the facility to deliver short-range multi gigabit data transfer in a local environment and compared to other technologies in the market it is ten times faster. Gi-Fi has the data transfer speed up to 5 GBPS within a short range of 10 meters. It operates on the 60GHz frequency band. Gi-Fi is developed on an integrated wireless transceiver chip. It has both transmitter & receiver, integrated on a single chip which is fabricated using the CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) process and it also consists of a small antenna. Gi-Fi allows transferring large videos, audio files, data files etc. within few seconds.

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Scramjets are air breathing engines with no moving parts. They rely on the 'ram-air' effect. This is done with the help of oblique shockwaves. The inlet geometry is used to slow down hypersonic air to supersonic speeds to achieve compression, which is then used to burn fuel and accelerated through a diverging section to achieve thrust. The main challenge in making scramjets viable is the lower Mach threshold of its operating range, which is quite high i.e. Mach 3-4. This paper aims at using optimization techniques in CFD (CFX) to reduce the lower threshold of the operating range of the scramjet to between Mach 2.5 to 3. This is mainly achieved by manipulating the inlet geometry. This is done by simulation of flight in a Mach range with available experimental data, validation of the simulation methodology, and application to a lower Mach domain. Optimization techniques were used to generate geometric parameters which provided positive results in lower Mach ranges.

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The proposed work envisages increasing the sampling frequency of Analog to Digital converts which directly affects their speed while simultaneously decreasing the power consumption which increases the practical applicability of the circuits and renders thermal stability. The low power, high speed and area efficient Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) use widely dynamic regenerative comparators to maximize their power efficiency, operation speed and area. In this work, a new high clock (sampling frequency ) dynamic comparator is proposed based on double tail architecture, where the circuit of a conventional double tail comparator is modified to operate at higher frequencies with reduced energy per conversion (energy required to convert a signal into samples) at low supply voltage. In the proposed comparator, a modification in the form of an extra transistor (control transistor) has been added to the previous circuit along with a reduction in the length of the MOSFET transistor from 180nm to 90nm. This comparator circuit is designed and simulated on the tanner EDA tool. The proposed double tail comparator achieves a maximum clock frequency up to 3 GHz at a supply voltage of 1.2V.

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The current work deals with the improved design of windmill hub. And also we are able to follow & study the production steps of the windmill hub casting. In the improved design we have reduced the number of risers from six to one. The improved design reduces the cost to breakoff projected portions of the riser and reduces the time taken to surface finish the casting, thus reducing the manufacturing lead time & the overall production cost. The study includes various aspects in pattern making, allowances, core, core prints, and moulding aspects. Then we undergone the design of gating system, riser, runner and sprue for our improved design. The proposed design with S.G. Iron, which has higher machinability, higher corrosion resistance, low weight will help the industries to reduce the losses due to the defect occurred in the products due to riser breakdown. This design will be more economical.

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Labour productivity has a major impact on construction project is completed on time. Therefore, it is important for construction managers to improve the conditions that affect labour productivity on their jobsites. Work sampling is a method that evaluates the amount of productive, supportive and non-productive time spent by the workers engaged in performing their assigned work activities. It also helps identify any trends affecting labour productivity. A review of the literature is done to study about productivity improvement process and workface assessment methods. Activity analysis is a continuous productivity improvement process which efficiently measures the time expenditure of workers onsite and identifies productivity inhibitors that management must reduce or eliminate to provide workers with more time for direct-work activities. The steps involved in activity analysis process are plan study, sample, analyse, plan improvements, and implement improvements. Six case studies were conducted using activity analysis process for feasibility check. The results conclude that activity analysis process is feasible to be conducted in construction site and also significant improvement in direct work rates is obtained.

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Traditional garment manufacturing companies in Tiruppur are facing problems like low productivity, high rework and rejection, high cycle etc. Applying lean tools in micro sized companies are very challenging because of poor planning and execution. The organization's attitude and illiteracy about lean techniques are one of the major bottle necks for implementing lean manufacturing concept. This research addresses the implementation of lean tools in a garment manufacturing company. The main issue in their export is meeting the deadline and many times delayed delivery occurs. The objective of this research is to evolve and test various strategies to reduce idle time of workstations and improve the productivity. This paper briefly describes the application of cause and effect analysis, Pareto charts and time study techniques, value stream mapping, line balancing to improve productivity. Flexible line balancing software version 3.0 has been used to simulate and detect line efficiency. It is observed that by the implementation of Lean tools meeting production dead line was highly encouraging.

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In India, construction and study of tall structure couldn't be done because of lack of knowledge and practical studies in engineer and researchers. So in this research paper study the behaviour of specific type of tall structure. Studies, tubular structure with constant plan area with different plan irregularity in horizontal direction by changing the position of shear wall in modelling. The behaviour of tubular structure under the action of wind load and seismic effect, could suffer a considerable degree of shear lag in the normal-to-panels. The performance based (pushover analysis) study of tube-in-tube structure shows the more accurate result against the lateral loading based on ATC-40 and FEMA-356 depends the ductility and non-linear performance of material to show plastic rotation of components of the structure.

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The idea of the conventional cellular system is that devices are not permitted to communicate with each other directly, especially, in the licensed bandwidth of the cellular network. The entire communications occur via base stations. This paper includes envisioning about a two-tier cellular network which also implicates a macro-cell tier (Base Station to Communication of Device) and also a device tier (Device to Device Communication). Relay of device terminal makes it possible for those devices which are in network and allow doing function them as transmission of relays. It realizes a massive network of ad-hoc. In these scenarios, the two-tier cellular system maintained security for the privacy just to ensure existing macro-cells of BSs performance’s minimal impact. This network needs a design with some smart strategies, proper resources, and intrusion management. Moreover, models of novel pricing have been smartly designed to tempt those devices to contribute to the communication of such types. This paper gives an overview of such challenges that may arrive in two-tier networks. It also proposes some schemes related to prices for several relay devices.

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Soft storey is a very common feature in the designing of multi-storey building construction throughout the urban area. Though multi-storeyed buildings with soft storey are higly vulnerable to seismic forces, their construction is quite common in modern India. Sometimes, we need space at ground floor level to fulfill social and functional needs. Generally, it is done by providing stilt floor. Presence of highly advanced computers and softwares make the complex problem of analysis and design problem easy. In this paper, we will investigates the seismic behavior of soft storey building, subjected to static and dynamic loading with different arrangements. It has been observed that earlier that provision of infill improves the resistant behaviour of the structure as compared to the conditions when soft storey is provided.

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This project the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in drainage cleaning by automated system. Now-a-days even though automation plays a vital role in all industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewages from industries and commercials are still a challenging task. Drainage pipes are using for the disposal and unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of human life while cleaning the blockages in the drainage pipes. To overcome this problem and to save human life we implement a design “Automatic Drain Cleaning System”. we designed our project to use this in efficient way to control the disposal of wastages and with regular filtration of wastages, clearance of gaseous substance are treated separately and monitor the disposal in frequent manner.

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This project work is focused on the design and fabrication of multipurpose equipment which is used for land preparation, sowing, fertilizing, leveling and weed removal process. The multi-crop planter has the capability of delivering the seeds precisely with uniform depth in the furrow, and also with uniform spacing between the seeds. The seed planter consist of the main frame, adjustable handle, seed hopper, seed metering disc, adjustable furrow planer, adjustable furrow closer, drive wheels, Seed tube. Seed metering disc was designed to be interchangeable to allow for sowing of the different varieties of seeds. The multipurpose agricultural equipment is very simple to use, the various adjustments are made with ease, and it is maintenance free.

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This project aims at implementation of lean principles in the production activities in an industry. In this project, Plastic moulding industry where such practices were not implemented was selected. The production rate of the organization was very low because of that law of transportation facility, impaper inventory management and improper layout. It leads to reduce the production rate of the organization. To overcome those above the problems, the implementation of quality tools such as lean manufacturing concept to enhance that productivity of the organization. The transportation between different units of this industry was standardized using Just in Time practice. Kanban system was also implemented for inventory management. Finally, the productivity of the firm was improved by implementing layout changes which were in accordance with the lean principles. A time study of the change was also carried out and the improvement in productivity was proven numerically.

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A busbar in electrical power distribution refers to thick strips of copper or aluminum that conduct electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation, or other electrical apparatus. In this project busbar can be protected from the over current condition. Industrial instruments failures have many causes and one of the main causes is over load. The primary of the distribution transformer or any other transformer is designed to operate at certain specific current, if that current flowing through that instrument is more than the rated current, then immediately the System may burn because of over load, through this project we are going to protect the busbar from over load condition. In this project work for generating high current more loads are applied to the circuit; so that the current will be increased. Whenever the over current occurred the circuit will be tripped. To trip the circuit, we are using one relay which will control through our microcontroller. When over load is occurred relay will trip the total circuit and buzzer will on to indicate over load. For protection of bus bar from over current condition first we have to measure the total load current which is flowing through the busbar. Here we are using transformer for measuring the load current and the output of transformer is given to ADC for converting analog output of transformer into digital data. That ADC output is given to microcontroller for monitoring purpose. When current are increases certain limit then we are going to trip the load by using relay. In this project we are using 230v bulbs as a load. We are going to increase the load by increasing the number of bulbs ON. When we ON more bulbs it causes over load condition and microcontroller will detect that and it will trip the total load by using relay. In this project we are using 230v, 7-amp relay for tripping purpose. Here we are using LCD for displaying the total load current which is flowing in the circuit.

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The experimental study was carried out to study effect on cooling by using different arrangements to cool and humidify the air. The different arrangements which were used in the study are the arrangement of only nozzle, only cooling pads and both nozzle & cooling pads. The temperature of outside air before conditioning and indoor air after conditioning was measured. In the nozzle arrangement, the air was made to flow through the atomized water droplets generated from the nozzle. Sensors were used to measure relative humidity & temperature. The honey comb pads were used to resist the water droplets coming out with the cooled air. DC pump was used to flow the water at high pressure which is necessary to produce atomized water droplets from the nozzle. The results obtained for the combined arrangement of nozzle & cooling pad was better as compared to the other two arrangement.

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Tapping are regularly utilized as a part of mechanical working. Past explores on tapping has mostly cantered on cutting power varieties, tap wearing, and tap plan. A novel execution test arrangement of tapping and penetrating for a PC numerical control (CNC) machine apparatus is set up in ongoing methods. The objective of the large scale manufacturing is to build the profitability and increment the exactness. This is finished by diminishing the set up cost and manual weakness. In such a circumstance a great deal of time is being squandered to keep up the precision. Inevitably it builds the administrator's weakness. The principle point is to find, hold and bolster the work safely with the goal that the required tapping task can be performed. Our machine will comprise of blend of tapping task with the assistance for speed decrease adapt box. Tapping requires low RPM to play out penetrate and inward strings task.

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OFDM is multicarrier technique, which is efficient due to its orthogonality. It uses FFT/IFFT processors for modulation and demodulation purpose. FFT/IFFT is computationally complex with wide length data and time consuming task. So the processing time can be reduced which will result into increase in the throughput of the system. This paper reviews various multiplier techniques used for FFT processor. However by simulating different multipliers and analysing performance parameters of multipliers such as memory, delay and I/O buffers, Dadda multiplier is best suited for DSP applications.

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Present trend of laying cables for various purposes is to lay underground. Companies prefer laying the cables underground because the climatic adversities don't affect this, with advantages come challenges. There are many difficulties in laying the cables and once laid in case of any complaints, it is difficult and costly to fix it. This project is about the robot that is being designed by us which is capable of finding where the complaint lies, so that the engineer can directly get the hole dug at that point and fix the issue. The basic principle of Electromagnetic Theory is employed to detect the discontinuity in the cable. Using a pickup coil, a low frequency signal is passed through the wire and the induced magnetic field is used to detect the fault.

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In the current scenario automobile engineering and transportation vehicles require safety and energy efficiency. Articulated vehicle is vehicle which has a permanent or semi-permanent pivoting joint in its construction allowing the vehicle to turn more sharply. These vehicles are always used for transportation of heavy load, so bear this heavy load chassis of vehicle plays important role. The purpose of this work is to simulate and forecast the 'structural response' of the chassis, in terms of stress and displacement, under several loading and constraining conditions, which aim at reflecting the actual duty cycle of the vehicle. For particular load will chassis satisfy the requirements or not is going to be analysed under this project. Optimization of existing chassis to reduce the weight of trailer frame is one of the objective of this work. Structural analysis of chassis will be done in one of the analysis software and comparing those results with the analytical results.

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NP hard problems like N-Queens problem are non-polynomial time problems. In this research study, we use the Simulated Annealing local search based MA (SALSMA), and Step-Counting Hill-Climbing local search based MA (SCHCLSMA) to optimize N-Queens problem and make complexity analysis on the parameters viz. optimal solutions, time and convergence rate with respect to number of iterations. The Memetic Algorithm is a hybrid algorithm, being a combination of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a local search algorithm. The performance of the MA is found to be superior to that of a solitary algorithm like GA. The MA solves the N-Queens in two stages. In the first stage, the randomly generated solutions are evolved till they become feasible (i.e., the hard constraints are satisfied) and in the second stage, these solutions are further evolved so as to minimize the violations of the soft constraints. In the final stage, the MA produces optimal solutions in which the hard as well as the soft constraints are completely satisfied.

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Routing protocol of wireless sensor network research is the key problem, according to network topology; routing protocols can be divided into flat and hierarchical routing protocol. In this paper flat and hierarchical routing protocols are analyzed and compared based on performance parameters. In the previous couple of years have seen expanded enthusiasm for the potential utilization of remote sensor systems (WSNs) in an extensive variety of uses and it has turned into a hot research zone. In light of system structure, directing conventions in WSNs can be isolated into two classes: flat routing and hierarchical or clustering routing.

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