In the advancement of savvy urban communities over the world VANET assumes a crucial part for upgraded route amongst source and destination. The VANETs depends on infrastructure less organizes. It encourages vehicles to give data about security through vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) or vehicle to infrastructure communication (V2I). In VANETs wireless communication between vehicles so attackers violate legitimacy, secrecy and security properties which additionally impact security. The VANET innovation is circled with security challenges nowadays. This review paper presents outline on VANETs engineering, a related overview on VANET with significant worry of the security issues. Further, counteractive action measures of those issues; furthermore, relative survey is finished. From the study, discovered that encryption and validation assumes a critical part in VANETS likewise some exploration heading characterized for future work.

Read More...

Now a day's dc-dc switching converters are widely used for sophisticated application. By using these converters with given dc input voltage a stabilised output voltage can be obtained by using Buck (lower), Boost (higher) or Buck –Boost (generic) topology which improves the efficiency of dc-dc converter as compared to linear regulators. Most used technique to control switching power supply is pulse width modulation (PWM). In this way a particular dc-dc converter is designed by keeping the typical application in mind. Properly designed dc-dc converters provide low ripple, better noise rejection, reliable and efficient converter. For some typical application like powering LED needs constant current supply for constant illumination, hence feedback based closed loop converters becomes better choice. In the present thesis for low power application a PWM based closed loop dc-dc buck converter has been designed, analysed and simulated. A MOSEFET has been used as switching device and components has been designed for low ripple and low noise. With variation in load and variation in input power supply output supply voltage has been obtained as constant value by using PID.

Read More...

Nowadays, three-phase induction motors are widely used on industrial and other types of processes. Therefore, accurate knowledge of an induction motor performance is very essential to have an idea of its operation conditions. This study is a sequel of a previous one, where Direct and Soft starting methods of three-phase motors has been simulated and compared. As in the previous study, the theory behind this one is based on representing the real motor by a set of equations and values in MATLAB, forming a corresponding idealistic motor in a way where all the physical effects are similar. The motor is started under three different frequencies in the VVVF method using supporting simulation of the current, torque, speed, efficiency and power factor curves. The results of the three starting methods are then discussed and compared. Then a review of induction motor fault has been presented. Faults like rotor broken bar, mass unbalance, stator faults, single phasing, crawling, bearing faults, etc. are discussed along with causes and effects.

Read More...

This paper shows and confirms the utilization of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to shield delicate burdens from the impacts of voltage list/swell on the conveyance feeder. DVR is one of the custom power gadgets which are utilized as a compelling answer for the security of delicate burdens against voltage unsettling influences in control appropriation framework. For alleviation of voltage droop/swell by utilizing DVR it is essential for the DVR control framework to recognize begin and end of a voltage list/swell and to decide the hang/swell size and any related stage move. The DVR, which is utilized as a part of arrangement with a delicate load, must have the capacity to react rapidly to a voltage droop/swell if end clients of touchy hardware are to encounter no voltage hangs/swell. The d-q hypothesis is utilized for the location of droops/swells, though the control of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is finished with the assistance of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) the re-enactment was done with the assistance of SIMULINK and MATLAB and the outcomes were observed to be as per hypothesis.

Read More...

In this paper, a three-stage dynamic power channel is introduced to enhance the power nature of a framework which supplies a three-stage non-straight load. For this reason, a three-stage voltage source inverter connect with a dc transport capacitor is utilized as a dynamic power channel. Another control procedure is proposed which depends on two well-known techniques: synchronous d-q reference outline strategy and synchronous current location strategy which have their own particular points of interest and drawbacks. The proposed control procedure depends on both of two specified systems keeping in mind the end goal to get a decent precision and also settling the present reaction to consistent state esteem rapidly. A Hysteresis based transporter less PWM current control over the charge streams of the dynamic power channel is utilized to infer the gating signals. PC reproduction comes about are given to confirm the adequacy of the proposed strategy. Issues caused by control quality have extraordinary antagonistic financial effect on the utilities and clients. Current sounds are a standout amongst the most widely recognized power quality issues and are generally settled by the utilization of shunt uninvolved or dynamic channels. In this paper, another control configuration utilizing counterfeit neural systems is proposed to make the traditional shunt dynamic channel versatile. The proposed versatile shunt dynamic channel can make up for consonant streams, control factor and nonlinear load unbalance. A self-charging method is additionally proposed to direct the dc capacitor voltage at the coveted level with the utilization of a PI controller. The plan idea of the versatile shunt dynamic channel is confirmed through re-enactment ponders and the outcomes got are talked about.

Read More...

Aluminium based nanocomposites are the new generation of composites due to their attractive properties like high ductility, high conductivity, light weight and high strength to weight ratio. Also the only recognized two dimensional material in the world, Graphene, has encouraged irresistible responses in the field of research due to its unexpected potential in the form of reinforced composites. Graphene having properties such as strength (tensile strength ≈ 130 GPa) and less density. But various problem occurred while it is used as a reinforcement like homogenous dispersion and clusters formation which causes decrease in mechanical strength. In the current research work, Effect of Graphene reinforcement compared to individual on mechanical properties of Aluminium 6061 nanocomposites have been planned to be evaluated. Micro hardness, tensile and microstructure analysis are to be analyzed for the developed nanocomposite. The reinforcement material is selected as Graphene. For the dispersion of the reinforcement into the aqueous solution containing ultrasonic liquid processor is employed. The first step involved the dispersion of a fixed weight % of Graphene (0.1 %, 0.3 %, & 0.6 %) in an acetone solvent. After sonication Stir casting method is employ to fabricate Aluminium metal matrix composites reinforced with graphene. Further tensile test, hardness test and SEM observation were conducted for characterization of the specimens.

Read More...

Customer churn refers to a decision made by the customer about stop subscribing to service, also known as customer attrition. It is also referred as loss of clients or customers. Churn prediction aims to detect customers intended to leave a service provider. Customer loyalty play major Role. As per 80/20 customer profitability rule, 20% of customers are generating 80% of revenue. So, it is very important to predict the users likely to churn from business relationship and the factors affecting the customer decisions. Predictive models can provide correct identification of possible churners in the near future in order to provide a retention solution. Retaining one customer costs an organization from 5 to 10 times than gaining a new one.

Read More...

This paper deals with the increasing oil price and mounting environment concerns, cleaner and sustainable energy solutions have been demanded. At present transportation constitutes a large portion of the energy consumed and pollution created. One of the efficient solutions is the existence of vehicle that works on both fuel energy and electrical energy with optimized performance. HEV with different structures such as series, parallel, series parallel has been studied so far. HEV is consists of mainly two design elements mechanical and electrical. Mechanical design part includes ICE Car Dynamics while Electrical part includes Controller Design and Electrical Subsystem. This dissertation work especially focuses on the controller design of HEV. HEV control section includes four different rudiments to be controlled. These are engine speed controller generator controller motor controller and battery controller. This paper considered design of proportional integral (PI), proportional derivative (PD), proportional integral derivative (PID)for analysis of engine, motor and generator performance This leads to the development of component models of the physical system such as the power distribution system and mechanical driveline. In this paper work design of electrical part i.e. control design and ESS design has been carried out. The designed SPHEV has been analysed with the step change accelerator profile for the PI, PD, PID using performance measures such as rise time settling time peak time and peak overshoot.

Read More...

A three phase induction motor is basically a constant speed motor so it's somewhat difficult to control its speed. The speed control of induction motor is done at the cost of decrease in efficiency and low electrical power factor. Normally the variable frequency drive is used for the speed for the speed control of three phase induction motor for the various applications. Also variable frequency Drive is used for power saving when the load on the motor is less. This work proposes a new concept of using variable frequency drive for controlling the speed of the batching motor by using variable frequency drive and three phase induction motor. The paper is depend upon the batching system which is one application of weaving machine which rolls the cloth with specific tension so that it should neither slacken the cloth nor tightened it by replacing DC system with the AC system.. The motion of this loom is controlled by induction motor where in the AC drive is used to run the induction motor which rotates the drum through pulley.

Read More...

The major purpose of this project is to provide an easy and reliable solution for the security of ATM machines in any adverse situations. To provide utmost security to ATM machine. The idea behind the project is to develop an advanced ATM security system. This system take action against any kind of theft attack, this security system acts very fast safe compare to any other system. Suppose any person tries to harm the ATM machine then security system will be activate and the mechanical shutter pulled down with the help of electric motor and it will interlock, and this security system will send emergency message immediately to the police station and bank manager.

Read More...

UWB BPF is required for short range high speed communication systems. In this paper we have proposed a UWB BPF. The filter consists of a folded λ/4 resonator with shorted end using patch via. The center frequency is chosen to be 5GHz.The folded λ/4 resonator is of the size 11.6 mm which is half of the wavelength of the center frequency. This folded λ/4 resonator is shorted at the one end. The filter attains a bandwidth of 6.5 GHz. The proposed filter is having an insertion loss of 0.545dB and return loss greater than 12dB. The structure has been simulated with full wave simulator.

Read More...

Daylight should be used as primary light source in building in daytime and fulfil both our visual and nonvisual(biological)needs. Sick building syndrome is largely related to air quality and indoor pollution, but also takes into account the availability of natural light, which studies show is vital for people's health and wellbeing. The health effects of natural light and fresh air offered by windows are pivotal to the health of a home and its inhabitants. A lot of the research that relates to the health benefits of natural light relates to night shift workers in particular, because they are working in an environment without natural light, which suppresses their serotonin levels (which affects their happiness), and melatonin levels (which affects their sleeping and relaxation). A lack of exposure to natural light can even lead to seasonal affective disorder, or the ‘winter blues’, which can then lead to clinical depression. Good lighting will provide a suitable intensity and direction of illumination on the task area, appropriate colour rendering, the absence of discomfort and, in addition, and a satisfying variety in lighting quality and intensity from place to place and over time. The argument for day lighting in buildings therefore has three strands: • it provides a healthier and more enjoyable indoor climate • it conserves the earth's resources • because it saves energy, it saves money. This research work involves checking of lighting efficiency in a building by taking onsite measurements and compare with the protractor method.

Read More...

Cranes are amongst of the most dangerous equipment used in both the industry and construction sites. Despite the risk awareness, incidents in crane’s operations have not substantially decreased; most of them arise from wrong load handlings, poor visibility in moving loads, etc. Their dangerousness has special relevance in the chemical process industry and the intermodal transport, where accidental events could also generate the release of hazardous substances. This paper focuses on mini crane of 100 kg or 150 kg because this type of cranes is usually not available by maintaining the safety in crane operations, the main causes of accident will be identified and a statistical analysis is presented with the aim to drawn some conclusions and comment about future trends of research about this issue.

Read More...

The purpose for this paper is to translate customer requirement with respect to edible oil quality attributes into particular edible oil developing practices that most contribute to satisfy these attributes. After identifying consumer requirements or needs regarding different attributes of edible oil quality, through a survey of 110 edible oil consumers, the authors determine the oil growing practices that optimally satisfy consumer needs through expert opinions. Finally, the use of expert knowledge to construct the House of Quality or the first matrix of quality function deployment allow the authors to define the relative contribution of the various edible oil farming practices to the satisfaction of consumer requirements.

Read More...

The use of paper-mill pulp and fly ash in concrete formulations was investigated as an alternative to landfill disposal. The cement has been replaced by sludge and fly ash accordingly in the range of 5% to 20% by weight for M-20. By using adequate amount of the waste paper pulp, fly ash and water, concrete mixtures were produced and compared in terms of slump and strength with the conventional concrete. Development of concrete by using paper sludge and fly ash for building & construction works. The concrete specimens were tested in three series of test as compression test, splitting tensile test and flexural test. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for up to 28 days. As a result, the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength increased up to 15 % addition of waste paper pulp and fly ash then further increased in waste paper pulp and fly ash reduces the strengths gradually.

Read More...

Now a day, the steady increment in high traffic intensity in terms of commercial vehicles, and the significant variation in daily and seasonal temperature put us in a demanding situation to think of some alternatives for the improvisation of the pavement characteristics and quality by applying some necessary modifications which shall satisfy both the strength as well as economical aspects. Also considering the environmental approach, due to excessive use of polythene in day to day business, the pollution to the environment is enormous. Since the polythene is not biodegradable, the need of the current hour is to use the waste polythene in some beneficial purposes. This paper presents a research conducted to study the behavior of BC mix modified with waste polythene. And we use the grade of bitumen is 80/100.

Read More...

The behaviour of the building with infill wall when the lateral loads are acting on it will be different when compared to the building without infill wall. But in the common practice in the analysis of the building the stiffness of the infill wall is ignored. In compensation for the discontinuity of the stiffness IS 1893: 2002 allows analysis of the building without considering infill stiffness but with a multiplication factor of 2.5. The code says that the beams and columns of ground floor without infill wall must be designed for 2.5 times the moments and shears calculated for a bare frame under seismic load. So the main objective of this paper is to check whether the multiplication factor 2.5 is realistic for the low rise buildings and to compare the seismic analysis of the building with and without considering the infill strength and stiffness.

Read More...

Huge amounts of online client conduct information are being produced each day on the blasting and universal Internet. Developing efforts have been dedicated to mining the plentiful valuable information to separate significant data for look into purposes or business interests. Be that as it may, online client's protection is in this manner under the danger of being presented to outsiders. The most recent decade has seen an assemblage of research works attempting to perform information cluster in a protection safeguarding way. The overwhelming population of existing strategies ensure solid security insurance yet at the cost of extremely constrained selecting activities, for example, permitting just summation, which scarcely fulfils the need of conduct examination. In this project, we propose a plan PPSA, which encrypts clients secure information to keep security revelation from both outside investigators and the collection specialist co-operation, and completely underpins particular total capacities for online client conduct examination while ensuring differential protection. We have actualized our strategy and assessed its execution utilizing a follow driven assessment in view of a genuine online conduct dataset. Trial comes about demonstrate that our plan successfully supports both overall aggregate queries and different selective aggregate queries with satisfactory calculation and correspondence over heads.

Read More...

As the energy of the universe is conserved and it alters from one form to another, a complete and efficient utilization of such energy becomes equally important without affecting the climate properties. The reason behind this reduction is to limit the use of fossil fuels which further leads to a clean and green environment. Therefore, research communities seeing at "Sustainable Renewable Energy Generation and Utilization" as a solution to the next generation technology of generating and consuming energy. Thus, energy communities have found one solution from many of those and well known as Biogas utilization which is a byproduct of biomass. Thus Biogas consists of renewable energy resources which have very less green house potential that makes it very much viable. As municipal solid-waste (MSW) or sewage water (SW) has a high potential to generate biogas (chemical energy) while subjected to microbiological anaerobic digestion process thus it is being widely employed in generating electrical energy in European Continent. Thus keeping this in mind, in this present work an attempt has been made to study the content of methane generated while combining cow dung in sewage water in order to compensate the shortage of raw material in active biogas power plant. Results shows approximately same quantity of biogas has been obtained as plant is attained by using cow dung only. Also, PH, TDS and VS analyses have been done in order to check acidity and alkanity of the mixture before and after the anaerobic digestion.

Read More...

One of the most important cries of the 21st century is the scarcity of drinking water. World’s most of the freshwater bodies are becoming increasingly polluted, thus decreasing the portability of water. A systematic study has been carried out to explore the water quality index of Bhima River in Jewargi thaluka. Water samples were collected from the river at a stretch of 8mts at an interval of one meter using grab sampling methods and analysed for pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, chloride and DO. The result obtained from this study indicates that the quality of water is good according to water quality index and hence it is safe for drinking purpose.

Read More...

An ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with a controllable notch band is presented by using hybrid microstrip/slot line structure. Firstly, a slot line resonator with symmetrically loaded stubs is fed by two microstrip lines to produce a UWB bandpass filtering response. Secondly, a microstrip triangular loop resonator is externally loaded over the slot line, and a notch band is introduced in the UWB passband. The notch band is determined by the perimeter of the loop resonator. Thirdly, two patches are added as the perturbation element to the corners of the microstrip resonator to excite a pair of degenerate modes. Bandwidth of the notch band can be tuned by properly selecting the patch size. Circuit model for the microstrip resonator loaded slot line is given and studied. Finally, the filter is designed, simulated, and measured. Measured results have agreed well with the simulated ones, demonstrating that a UWB filter with a controllable notch band has been realized.

Read More...

Agriculture plays a vital role in the development of an agricultural country. Issues concerning agriculture have been always blocking the development of the country. Usually farmer needs to check soil moisture level of the land, he has to keep a watch on weather. This paper will help to irrigate the farmland in a hasty manner with the help of smart phone in which farmers will get an android application which will notify soil moisture level, temperature, humidity of the farm and also will help farmer control the irrigation of the farmland. A system hardware consist of Arduino Uno, temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, so that system can sense soil moisture levels and temperature with the help of sensors and then will analyze it. Analyzed data will be display on android application as a result and actions can be taken.

Read More...

Cloud computing is a screen that uses an integrated concept of "software-as-a-service" and "utility processing", which provides convenient administration and demand for end users. It provides a good way to share goods and appropriate governments, which has space with many organizations. Due to the use of assets transmitted in cloud computing, it is necessary to provide security and reliability to share information to create cloud computing applications. Due to the cloud processing information and the distribution of its property on the ground, security is a major hindrance to prevent the organization of cloud situations. Strengths use the cloud to store their own information with the goal of collecting security information. There is more concern about the cloud status among the transfer of information on the cloud server. Cloud Web encourages its customers by providing virtual assets through the web. Since the distributed computing field is spread, new mechanisms have been created. This expansion in the distribution computing state extends the security challenges of cloud designers. If security is strong and stable, computing will bring the match and points in the table, which will have some credibility. Cloud providers and cloud buyers should ensure that the clouds are adequately protected from all external exposures so that the customer does not face any problem, such as harassment or theft, your important information. By optimizing approved customers, it is accessible to the cloud and affects whole cloud transit and there is a possibility to affect many consumers who share contaminated clouds. This document shows the audit of delivery of computing and cloud computing distribution of distributed computing and natural security problems. This paper is planning to show a review of computing distribution, which answers the challenges in the cloud. In addition, find out the answer to the new system or the loss of the techniques distributed by the cloud computing.

Read More...

The road accident scene in India, as in many developing countries, is characterized by mixed traffic comprising human-powered vehicles such as bicycles and tricycles (cycle rickshaws), animal-drawn carts, and motor vehicles of various sizes and speeds. Different kinds of models built in various countries to study the accident scene have been discussed. It is shown that these models are not comprehensive in accounting all the variable associated with the traffic accident scene. It has also been shown that a large number of variables are to be used to study the accident scenes of Indian urban roads. Variable such as handrail index, congestion index, byclelane index, pedestrian violators, disturbance index, intersection between different kinds of modes, road features etc. are considered as independent variables inflecting the accident scenes. Multiple Linear Regression approach is selected as the suitable approach to build the model to account all variables. Delhi City are considered for detailed analysis. Data collected from 2017 to 2018 have been used to build the model and evaluate its effectiveness. Statistical techniques have been used to study its accent ability. The model recommended for estimating road traffic accidents in an urban arterial for six-month period has fifteen independent variables. The model is found to estimate the accident scenes with a variation of 10%. In most of the cases. The model has been used to estimate the future accident scene. It has also been shown how introduction of bicycle track and pedestrian guard handrails along kerbs could change the accident scene.

Read More...

The 'security sensitivity' is unlikely to alter through enhancements to usability alone rather; angle changes need future social amendment. Yet, to date, very little theoretical add usable privacy and security has applied science theory to know however social processes have an effect on security sensitivity. In turn, this lack of theoretical insight has precluded systems work that accounts for the social consequences of security system style. Thus, there remains an excellent however for the most part untapped chance to model human social behaviours among the context of cyber security and in making socially intelligent security systems that have an improved understanding of those human social behaviours. To bridge these gaps in theory and observe, during this thesis, I supply Associate in adversary initial theory of however social influences have an effect on cyber security behaviours, distil these theoretical insights into a group of broad style recommendations, so implement and appraise to such systems that time to a way forward for social intelligent cyber security.

Read More...