Airplanes are used to carry people from one corner to another corner of the world. Aeroplane is a very well complicated floating machine in the air, by aviation machines and it gives least amount of manicuring flights. When the airplane moves from ground to air it generates highest power to take off from the air terminal. During the journey what time the limit high is created, the aeroplane have highest twisting moment. It will cause exceeding stress at this point of time. Wings which are connected to main body of the aeroplane through brackets, and it will be effected by shear force and bending moment while moving, and it also effects the attachment joints. In our work bending load joints are taken into consideration for study. Firstly we have to look into the static load capacity upon attachment bracket from wing fuselage. Stress evaluation will be taken over by the given aeroplane body. FEM technique is put into force for stress investigation. Occasionally an aeroplane will undergo failure by means of static overload as long as it will be in operational condition. During operational life of aeroplane fatigue damage tolerance design, analysing etc., will have vital effect and fatigue, fracture mechanics analysis carry out. FEM as a technique is put into use for stress evaluation. In the given work an approach can be made to determine fatigue life on attachment brackets in transporting aeroplane body. The alloys structure body of the aeroplane will have effect by way of cracks which leads to fatigue cracks, will expose in the high stress places, these places is of exceeding stress concentration. Fatigue life computation is being done for carrying service load condition using same fatigue load for typical SN data for different ratio for stress and stress concentration. In our project we have used CATIA for modeling the geometry and Ansys workbench tool is taken for analysing the parts.

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Owing to the scaled down technology, it becomes obvious to have power management circuitry operating well below 1V and the paper presents design of CMOS Low Dropout Regulator (LDO) serving the purpose. The design is capacitor less approach using Cascode amplifier and two pass devices in parallel so as to enhance the stability & improve the transient response. The circuit works well for supply voltage from 0.9-1.1V & provides 0.8V fixed output. Line & load regulations are 26.22 mV/V & 0.0253 mV/mA. Settling time are 0.97us and 1.32us respective for low to high and high to low transitions. The Quiescent current (IQ) comes out to be 51Õ½A while DC current (IDC) is 65Õ½A. Loop GBW is roughly 2.65MHz with phase margin of well over 100 degrees. The transient response and stability response shows elevated performance compared to the single pass device.

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The lack of electricity is one of the main barriers in the development of rural area. Traditional irrigation system consumed a great amount of conventional energy through the use of motor drives. In conventional system DC-DC conversion stage is usually required in solar PV fed water pumping which is driven by a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. This power conversion stage leads to an increased cost, size, complexity and reduced efficiency. The proposed work presents a novel solution of multifunction converter, which is able to operate SPV array at its maximum power by utilizing same VSI deployed for motor inverter along with P & O MPPT. In proposed system No additional control is required for the speed control of motor-pump and its soft start. The suitability of proposed system is manifested through its performance evaluation using MATLAB/Simulink based simulated results.

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Hybrid energy system is combination of two or more energy sources and energy storage device to fulfil energy demand. Hybrid energy system is better option for rural areas to meet demand of electrical energy. This paper presents the design and simulation of off grid based PV – Micro hydro – Biomass – Battery connected hybrid system for small village to meet electricity demand. HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) software tool is utilized for simulation of hybrid system. HOMER is used for technical, economical assessment and simulation of hybrid system. Simulation results shows proposed hybrid system can fulfills electricity demand at reduced cost of energy.

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From last few years, there has been substantial work on image processing and wide improvements being carried out in image processing including resolutions and sensitivity. Despite these improvements, still there is a problem to capture a high dynamic range images and videos in low-light conditions especially when light is very low. If the intensity of noise is higher than the signal then the conventional de-noising techniques cannot work properly. For the said problem there are many approaches being developed for low-light image enhancement but still Low contrast and noise remains a barrier to visually pleasing videos in low light conditions. To capturing videos in concerts, parties, social gatherings, and in security monitoring situations are still an unanswered problem. In such conditions the image enhancement of low quality image is a really tedious job. This paper is elaborating a survey of different type of methods and technologies that have been used and implemented in the area of image enhancement. The study is further going on to find a technique so that more accuracy can obtained in image enhancement.

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In complex analysis, a Mobius transformation of complex plane is a rational function of one complex variable z. Geometrically, a Mobius transformation can be obtained by performing stereographic projection from plane to unit two-sphere, rotating and moving the sphere to a new location and orientation in space and performing stereographic projection to the plane. These transformations preserves angles, maps every straight line to a line or circle, map every circle to a line or circle.

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The utilisation of flyash in various non-structural applications is appreciable. There is an advantage of high calcium content in flyash that it behaves more cementitious than pozzolanic compared to class F ash. At the same time, as there are certainly variations in the properties of NLC flyash, variational composition of the chemical compounds should be found out, thorough research studies is essential for establishing the utilisation of high volume of high calcium flyash in structural concrete. The present work is aimed on the bulk utilisation of class C flyash for structural concrete applications. Conventional concrete grade of M30 is designed by Indian method of mix design and based on the seventh day strength of trial mixes; an optimum trial mix proportion is arrived and validated for its workability characteristics and twenty eighth day compressive strength. Partial replacement of cement with class C flyash is aimed upto 90%. Concrete mixes having 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% cement replacement by weight of flyash are considered. Including the reference concrete without flyash and in parallel, with and without plasticizers totally, twelve types of concrete mixes are tried initially for experimental study. As the compressive strength results of 70%, 80% and 90% cement replacement with flyash are not encouraging, only the 50% and 60% cement replacement levels with flyash are considered for further study. In addition flyash replacement by silica fume is also planned by 10% and 20% respectively for both the replacement levels and without and with plasticizers. Therefore from the adequately decided total mix of twenty, only fourteen different concretes are considered for further thorough studies.

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MMC's are widely used in many industries like automobile, aerospace, transportation industries. This study evaluates influence of wear parameters like applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance, and temperature on dry sliding wear of Al 7072 alloy reinforced with alumina. The design of experiment was employed by using Taguchi method. Preparation of the specimens were done according ASTM standard. A Dry sliding wear test was conducted using pin-on disc machine. Microstructure analysis is done using SEM to know the presence and distribution of reinforcement. The signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance were done to evaluate wear behavior of Al 7072 reinforced with 0%wt, 3%wt, 6%wt and 9%wt of aluminum oxide.

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Structural steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) coupling beams are an alternative to conventional and diagonal rebar reinforced concrete coupling beams. To address gaps in testing that was used to develop design recommendations, flexure yielding, cantilever SRC coupling beams were embedded, without inclusion of auxiliary transfer bars and bearing plates, into reinforced concrete structural walls. Beams were tested by applying quasi static, reversed cyclic shear loading to the coupling beam, moment and shear to the top of the wall to create cyclic tension and compression fields across the embedment region. The primary test variables were the structural steel section embedment length, beam span length (aspect ratio), quantities of wall boundary longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, and applied wall loading (moment, shear, and axial load). Favorable finite element performance by using ANSYS, characterized by minimal pinching and asymmetry in the load deformation response and concentration of damage at the beam wall interface, was associated with long embedment length, moderate to light beveled concrete, and heavy wall boundary reinforcement. Reduced embedment length, large wall demands, and light wall boundary reinforcement led to reduced performance, with increased pinching, asymmetry, and cyclic degradation evident in the load deformation response and significant damage in the embedment region.

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Comparators are recognized as 1-bit analog-to digital converter and for that reason they are mostly used in huge abundance in A/D converter. In the analog-to-digital conversion process, it is essential to first sample the input. This sampled signal is then apply to a grouping of comparators to decide the digital equivalent of the analog signal. The conversion speed of comparator is restricted by the decision making response time of the comparator. Besides, comparators are too be found in lots of other applications like zero-crossing detectors, peak detectors, switching power regulators, BLDC operating motors, data transmission, and others. The basic functionality of a CMOS comparator is used to find out whether a signal is greater or smaller than zero or to compare an input signal with a reference signal and outputs a binary signal based on comparison. Comparator is a circuit used to detect whether a signal is greater or smaller than zero, or to compare the size of one signal with another. Designing high-speed comparators is more challenging when the supply voltage is smaller. High-speed comparators in ultra-deep sub-micrometre (UDSM).CMOS technologies suffer from low supply voltages. In this paper we are going to study and analyse the dynamic double tail comparator and implement the same for high speed analysis and will observe the power consumption.

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In deregulated power system, load demands are continuously increasing due to growth of population. In order to meet load demand, unscheduled power flow through transmission line which results in higher real & reactive power losses and voltage instability at buses. With the help of the FACTS controllers, it is possible to reduce real & reactive power losses in the power System. Their location, type & rating have influence on system performance. Location & type chosen should be proper & rating must be optimal for economical operation of the power system. This work presents a new approach to find the optimal rating of FACTS controllers by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) & conventional Newton Raphson power flow method. Among various FACTs controllers, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is considered in this work. Our objective is to minimize the reactive power loss in the system by placing optimum rating of the TCSC. It has used reactive power loss minimization as objective function to find the optimal rating of TCSC. The proposed algorithm is an effective & practical method in this direction. To verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm, studies are carried out on IEEE 30bus systems To overcome these problems, a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices are installed at appropriate location to get the maximum possible benefits i.e. minimize real power loss in the power network and improve voltage profile at the buses. In this paper, a new evolutionary optimization techniques have been applied namely Genetic Algorithm (GA) to select the optimal parameters setting including rating of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) to minimize real power loss and improve voltage profile and compare their performances. For validation of proposed algorithm and for comparison purpose, MATLAB program is carried out on IEEE 30-bus system.

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The world is looking toward becoming healthier, smarter and faster. More people are looking to be fit as a fiddle, and as a result, they are looking at various ways to lose weight, and make the world a better place to live in by controlling pollution. One of the most popular ways to have a healthy lifestyle and curb pollution is cycling. The main advantage of taking up cycling is that one does not have to pay money consistently for transport. One needs to do away with the expense of fuel, as well as the one spend on the bus or the train ticket, or even the cab fare. Secondly, one can do a bit for nature by not polluting it by using fuels. Cycling not just amends your lifestyle for the better, but it is the best exercise that your body will ever get- and that too at a price much lesser than buying the gym equipment, or even signing up with a gym. Tri.5 is a good cycle that can take the wear and tear of daily use on the roads, and give the right riding experience and would be half the cost of a starter scooter. The Tri.5 vehicle is strong, light weight, easily transportable, and easily ride able, exercisable and available at a low cost. It also trains one’s balance and reflexes in a new way and brings closer to natural walking. Tri.5 looks like an odd crossover between a unicycle and a skateboard which is developed in comparison with a half bike.

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Brick dust is a waste material obtained from brick kiln industries. Now a day’s construction work is on large scale so demand of brick all increases so due to this brick kiln industries all over the world also increased. Tons of brick kiln dust comes out from such brick materials are used in filling low lying area and in construction work it also used in mixture of cement concrete to fill the voids. As brick kiln dust contains mixture of ashes (coal + wood) and dust particles (soil + sand).Concrete is an extensively used material in the world. Production of constituents of concrete leads to the depletion of the natural resources as well as it leads to the environmental pollution. Brick-Kiln-Ash is considered as a waste material in the Brick industries. Small size Brick kiln ash can be used as fine aggregate whereas large size (greater than 6 mm) particles can be used as coarse aggregate in concrete and CLSM as backfill. The feasibility of using Brick kiln ash in manufacture of masonry products as a partial replacement of coarse as well as fine aggregates. In this study, Brick-Kiln-Ash is used for the partial replacement of Fine aggregate. Fine aggregate is replaced with Brick-Kiln-Ash by 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight and compared with the control mix without any replacement of Brick-Kiln-Ash. M30 grade of concrete was designed and constant water-cement ratio of 0.45 was used. Super Plasticizer was used to increase the workability. Mechanical properties of concrete such as Compression and Split tensile strength were evaluated. Results showed increase in strength till 25%, and then it got reduced for 30%. So, 25% replacement of Brick-Kiln-Ash was chosen as optimum value. Further, using the optimum value reinforced concrete beams was casted and results were compared with control beams without Ash for Flexural behavior. And also experimental values were compared with the theoretical values as per IS: 456-2000.

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Coffee quality can be affected by variety, climate and soil factor, field management practices and post-harvest handling and processing techniques. Arabica coffee (Coffee arabica L.) is an economically important crop, which is contributing the highest of all export revenues in Ethiopia. The study was undertaken in Dilla zuria and Yirgacheffee districts, representing the known Sidama Yirgacheffee coffee brands, respectively, in South National Nationalities Peoples’ Regional State. The objective of study were to examine the effect of methods of processing on intrinsic quality of Sidama and Yirgacheffee coffees and to identified the best methods of processing that can keep the inherent quality of coffee landrace of Sidama and Yirgacheffee specialty coffee .For this, fully ripe red cherries were hand collected from local coffee types . The harvested cherries were separately study under three processing methods (washed, semi-washed and sundried) at the two locations. In each case the treatment arranged in factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replication. Data on intrinsic quality (acidity, body, flavour and cup quality) were recorded .The result indicated acidity, body, flavour and cup quality were significantly different due to methods of processing at both sites. Among the processing method the wet processing resulted in the superior coffee qualities as compared to others at the two study areas. In addition, most quality traits significantly differ due to the interaction effects arising from location and processing method. The result finding also demonstrated that Yirgacheffee coffee was better than Sidama coffee types in terms of raw quality attributes, possibility due to positively effect of increased altitude in terms of quality attribute. The present findings would help at a small measure, on optimum processing practices to be applied at each locality and thus improve the inherent quality of Sidama and Yirgacheffee specialty coffees as the faces of increasing market demand for best coffee type. Nonetheless further repeated studies should be undertaken by taking into account among other the present physical and sensory attributes, other compounds and biochemical constitutes (caffeine, sugar. Etc.) With view of mapping the quality profile off Sidama and Yirgacheffe coffees grown under the various site and environmental conditions.

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In an automotive vehicle, the load body rest on skeleton of vehicle and the load body connected with the main frame or skeleton with the side channel weld bracket. Hence during running condition of such long vehicle the side channel bracket supports to upper body and skeleton on which the body rests. This causes discomfort to the body or might even damage the weld bracket or main frame of chassis. Also at high operating frequencies noise become damage. This deflection should be within permissible limit. The main aim of this project is to reduce manufacturing cost of load body side channel weld bracket by changing design for easy manufacturing. This load body vehicle consists of 36 number of weld bracket, if we reduce the weight of this bracket within the permissible limit the overall weight is also reduces. By keeping same material D513 steel constant weight reduction done by reducing thickness for modified bracket. Total weight reduction is 30.70 %. The baseline model of the side channel weld bracket is created by using solid modelling software and then for further analysis also made by software provided. The present study used to reduce cost and weight of side channel weld bracket by keeping factor of safety within permissible limit.

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Controlling the market price of basic consumer goods or commodities is the primary objective of the governments all over the world. However the price hikes of the essential commodities capture the headlines of the national dailies and TVs almost every day. The poor general mass suffers the most due to these price hikes. Besides, it also hinders the growth and development of the country. Ultimately the goal of a welfare state is to control the prices of necessary commodities. Hence using price indices of the basic commodities, one could trace the inflation and deflation of prices of basic commodities and identify the reasons behind them and take steps for controlling the commodity price.

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The age of big data is now coming. But the traditional data analytics may not be able to handle such large quantities of data. The question that arises now is, how to develop a high performance platform to efficiently analyse big data and how to design an appropriate mining algorithm to find the useful things from big data. To deeply discuss this issue, this paper begins with a brief introduction to data analytics, followed by the discussions of big data analytics. Some important open issues and further research directions will also be presented for the next step of big data analytics.

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The implementation of 32 bit RISC processor with microprocessor without interlocked pipeline stages (MIPS) is presented. It was implemented in VHDL so as to reduce the instruction set present in the programmable memory. As the result the processor will contain the necessary logics for the implementation that requires fewer gates to be synthesized in the programmable matrix and has the capability to increase the speed of the target processor.

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