There is a high pressure today on every industry of reduced cycle time. A very powerful and recent philosophy in this area is six sigma. Six sigma is becoming very popular and its advantage is being taken for improving productivity. In industry vehicle turnaround time is the time taken by the vehicle for completing all the operations. In oil industry vehicle turnaround time inside the plant determines the productivity of the system. The more the number of processes involved higher will be the complexity and hence the vehicle turnaround time will be higher. This vehicle turnaround time is the loss for the plant as it is the waiting time for the vehicles in the product loading lines. Six sigma DMAIC tool is a process improvement tool. A case study has been conducted at a heavy oil industry to reduce vehicle turnaround time by using six sigma DMAIC tool which focuses on improving the existing processes and the productivity of the plant. Implementation of six sigma DMAIC tool in an oil industry resulted in reduction of vehicle turnaround time by 20%.

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The solar chimney is a natural ventilation technique that has the potential to save energy use in buildings as well as maintain comfortable indoor quality. This research aims to study inclined and vertical solar chimney by incorporating perforated plates using CFD technique. The location of perforated plates and wall is varied and its effect on air flow is studied for natural ventilation. A two-dimensional symmetric model using the RNG (Re-Normalization Group) k−ε turbulence closure is simulated. The discrete ordinates non-grey radiation model is used to implement the radiative-transfer equation. To simulate solar irradiation, the solar ray-tracing algorithm is employed. The software used for modeling is Creo 2.0 and for analysis ANSYS CFX is used.

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The major problem in the world is facing today is the environmental pollution. In the construction industry mainly the production of Portland cement will causes the emission of pollutants results in environmental pollution. We can reduce the pollution effect on environment, by increasing the usage of industrial by-products in our construction industry. Geopolymer concrete is such a one and in the present study, to produce the geo-polymer concrete the Portland cement is fully replaced with fly ash & metakaolin are used for the binding of materials. This paper presents the strength characteristics of Flyash and metakaolin based geopolymer concrete with different proportion of binder and molarities. The alkaline liquids used in this study for the polymerization are the solutions of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2Sio3). Different molarities of sodium hydroxide solution i.e. 10M, 12M and 14M are taken to prepare different mixes and the compressive strength is calculated for each of the mix. There are 60 cube specimens are taken of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm. The Geopolymer concrete specimens are tested for their compressive strength at the age of 7days and 28 days. They are curing by oven at 600C for 24 hours then after ambient temperature. The test results presented in this paper show the strength of Geopolymer concrete based on fly ash and metakaolin with increase the molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and also comparable with that of Ordinary portland cement concrete.

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This paper generally design for encrypted image scan pattern. The images captured with a camera is saved or otherwise sent over the internet without encryption. If the camera is stolen, then all the images stored inside it will be stolen by others. For real time applications to impose sanctuary, image is to be captured, compressed and encrypted in the camera itself. To tenacity this issue, scan pattern based image encryption is proposed while capturing the image. Experiments are made in MATLAB and resul6 carried out in term of PSNR analysed with various measures to prove the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

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This review is designed to be a comprehensive source for metal matrix nano composite research, including fundamental structure/property relationships, manufacturing techniques and applications of metal-matrix nanocomposites materials. In addition to presenting the scientific framework for the advances in metal- matrix nanocomposites research, this review focuses on the scientific principles and mechanism in relation to the methods of processing and manufacturing with a discussion on commercial applications and health/safety concerns a critical issue for production and scale-up). Hence, this review offer a comprehensive discussion on technology, modeling, characterization, processing, manufacturing, applications, and healthy/safety concerns for metal matrix nanocomposites.

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In the world of 21st century it has become really essential to maintain healthy weight. If the body weight of a person is well maintained, it contributes to the overall health as well as prevents and control many diseases and complications. An overweight or obese person is at a higher risk of developing serious health problems. Healthy weight not only avoids the risk of having diseases but also provides a better physical personality which ultimately leads to a better lifestyle. Our body weight is directly affected by the energy we take and release, so it has become important to track the energy balance in our body. Energy is measured in terms of calories a person gains or loses. Most of the people are not aware how much calories they gain after a particular meal they have taken or the amount of calories they have lost after certain physical activity. The approach is to calculate the calorie intake and loss by maintaining records of the food intake and the physical activity of a particular person. A report can be generated based on the age, gender, height and weight of a person that shows how much calories a person should take and burn to gain or lose a certain amount of weight so as to maintain a healthy body weight. The calculation of calorie count is generated by Harris-Benedict Equation which is regarded as one of the most popular equations for determining the energy needs of a person by nutrition and health professionals.

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Adhesively bonding is an excessive pace fastening method that's convenient for joining superior lightweight sheet substances which can be varied and tough to weld. This joins is used recently because now a day we are going for lightweight application and it is very important for us to build such joint which will not only decrease its weight as per requirement but will also help in damping the vibrations. In this project we can understand the effect of using neoprene rubber for joining two dissimilar metals, by making use of an industrial adhesive, which is very powerful. Adhesive bonds find a large application in the field of aerospace and automotive industries. There are few aircrafts in the market, which makes use of adhesives for joining the 60% of its body part. This joint ensures a firm structure with a better control over various modes of frequencies while on the other hand welded joints if used in place of elastic joint can add stiffness to the joint. The co-ordination of experimental and analytical techniques will make it possible to find the most efficient tool for studying the dynamic response of single lap joint.

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In this paper propose an image encryption technique which employs the concept of carrier image and SCAN patterns generated by SCAN methodology. Although it involves existing method like SCAN methodology, the novelty of the work lies in hybridizing and carrier image creation for encryption. Image encryption plays a paramount part to guarantee classified transmission and capacity of image over web. Then again, a real-time image encryption confronts a more noteworthy test because of vast measure of information included. This paper exhibits an audit on image encryption in spatial, frequency and hybrid domains with both full encryption and selective encryption strategy. The resulting image is found to be more distorted in hybrid technique. By applying the reverse process we get the decrypted image.

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River sand is most commonly used fine aggregate in concrete but due to acute shortage in many areas, availability cost and environmental impact on the major concern. In developing countries like India Sabbath stone has been rampantly used in different construction purpose. The replacement technology has emerged as an innovative development of civil engineering material design mix of M30 grade of concrete with replacement of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of Sabbath stone. For laboratory analysis of Slump test, Compressive strength test, Flexural strength and Water absorption of hardened concrete.

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There are many circumstances in civil engineering for which interaction between structure and ground has to be considered prominently. Hence the behavior of soil strata under the structure plays an important role during the earth quake excitation forces and other lateral forces on the structure. The phenomena may be defined as "The process in which the response of soil influences the motion of structure and motion of structure influence the response of the soil is termed as SSI". In order to study structural behaviour of any structure, it is prominent to study the effects of soil structure interaction (SSI). In present study, attempt have been made to study the influence of soil structure interaction on Pre Engineered Building (P.E.B) and conventional truss shed building(C.S.B).Usually the structural behaviour is analysed assuming the fixed support conditions at the base of structure. In conventional method the foundation flexibility of soil mass is ignored which is likely to affect the structural response of building. The soil flexibility is integrated in the analysis of structure using Winkler's spring model approach. For analysis P.E.B and C.S.B with 15m, 21m, 24m, 30m spans are considered with equal bay spacing. Three different soil strata's i.e. hard, medium and soft are used for SSI study. The analysis is carried out in STAAD Pro.V8i software using response spectra of IS 1893-2002. The effect of SSI on various parameters like base shear, lateral displacement, etc. are studied and discussed. To get real behaviour of superstructure the subgrade must be modelled adequately well. The study reveals that the SSI significantly affects the performance of the structure.

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Bubble deck slab is a method of virtually eliminating all concrete from the middle of a floor slab, which is not performing any structural function, thereby dramatically reducing structural dead weight. High density polyethylene hollow spheres replace the in-effective concrete in the Centre of the slab, thus decreasing the dead weight and increasing the efficiency of the floor. By introducing the gaps leads to a 30 To 50% lighter slab which reduces the loads on the columns, walls and foundations, and of course of the entire building. The advantages are less energy consumption - both in production, transport and carrying out, less emission - exhaust gases from production and transport, especially CO2 .The aim of this paper is to discuss about various properties of Bubble deck slab based on the various studies done abroad. Moment, deflection and stress distributions are verified using Finite Element Method (FEM) in SAP2000.

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In Turkey, real estate sector is a major financial sector and there is no clear method that determines the real estate prices in this sector. This uncertainty in the sector can be modelled by fuzzy control system which is discussed here. In this study, observations that includes randomly selected real estate prices and properties of counties of Balçova, Buca, Bornova, Karşıyaka and Konak in İzmir are taken into account. Real estate prices are modeled by evaluating 15 variables of county, district, age of building, number of rooms etc. in fuzzy modelling system. Absent data are filled using decision trees and traditional methods and data is made suitable for modelling. In order to create a rule base, C4.5 and A-Priori algorithms are applied to the data. 15 variables are evaluated in Mamdani fuzzy modelling system and real estate prices variable is obtained.

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This research work is focused on comparison of transmission tower and monopole tower for different parameters viz. different height and different loading combinations. The comparative analysis is carried out with respect to axial force deflection maximum sectional property and critical load conditions. The transmission tower and monopole are design by manually by using limit state method based on IS 800, IS 802 IS 875 and gust factor method. Based on steps and formulas involved, a design program will be prepare in MS-EXCEL. The veracity of program will be check by first designing the manually designed transmission tower and monopole using the software and compare results. Wind analysis is carried out using standard codes and software. The behaviour of tower and pole is analysed for different load combination. The maximum displacement values, shear forces and bending moments are obtained. Therefore, transmission tower and monopole should be designed considering both structural and electrical requirements for safe and economical design as per Indian code. It is concluded from past study that transmission tower have lower lateral displacement as compared to monopole. This is because they have higher stiffness. Transmission tower carry heavy electrical transmission conductor at sufficient and safe from the ground than monopole. Loads acting on the tower and monopole are wind load, dead load of the structure, braking load of conductor and earthquake load considered as per Indian standard code. The steel quantity required for transmission tower is approximated two times more than monopole. The idea is to reach a definite conclusion regarding the superiority of two structures.

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With increase in energy demand due to increase in population the need for passive cooling for building ventilation has become important. Passive cooling is used as low energy driven technique to remove undesired heat from the building to bring the comfort condition of occupant. This paper is based on application of experimental and CFD techniques on solar chimney analysis using various optimization parameters of design.

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Concrete is the largest consuming construction material along the Globe. Technological developments in this field introducing new technologies and materials to save natural resources, environment and to enhance the properties of concrete. Cementitious materials play a vital role in the construction industry. In concrete, cement is the basic binding material and its production emits huge quantities of CO2 and leads to pollution of air such as greenhouse effect. In this research work nano silica of 1 to 100 nm size is used as partial replacement of cement and Natural river sand is completely replaced with artificial sand produced form crushing of rocks. The workability of concrete is tested by slump test and for hardened concrete, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strengths were tested with suitable specimens. The workability reduction of fresh concrete by use of artificial sand in place of river sand is maintained by adding suitable super plasticizer upto 1.1% it is found that at 8% replacement of cement with nano silica gives maximum strengths and optimum workability.

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The evolution of biomaterials is not a modern area of science, having survived for around half a century .The study of bio materials is called biomaterial science. A bio materials essentially a material that is used and adapted for a medical application. In medical applications, biomaterials are rarely used as isolated materials but are more commonly integrated into devices or implants. Biomaterials should possess good properties for implants so that there should be good bonding which prevails when co-operating with the body and the blood. Hence the implants are tested for various respective properties. SS-304 has established itself as one of the best available bio implant material. With the advancement in the area of science, metallurgy and engineering, the improvement for more advanced biomaterials having better properties than SS-304 have been emerged. This Paper constitutes corrosion study of PEEK and PEEK used as Biomaterial. Corrosion control of metals is an important activity of technical, economic, environmental, and aesthetical importance. The use of biomaterial is one of the best options of protecting metals and alloys against corrosion. The toxicity of organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors to the environment has prompted the search for safer corrosion in biomaterial, most of which are biodegradable and do not contain heavy metals or other toxic compounds. Study of corrosion abilities shows the PEEK biomaterial which as the maximum withstanding of corrosive material than any other material for implant on material.

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Network are an important part of the infrastructure of our society. The investment that is needed for construction and maintenance of this network is so huge and thus any saving in the cost of these networks may result in considerable reduction of total construction cost. The aim of the optimal design of sewerage network is to find a cost effective solution that minimizes capital investment while insuring a good system performance under specific design criteria. Two main cost of sewerage network design are excavation and pipe cost which often create contradictory objective in the design of sewerage networks. Any reduction in pipe size is likely to result in an increase in pipe slope and consequently excavation costs. Reducing excavation cost on the other hand requires milder slopes for pipes, leading to larger pipe size for carrying the design discharge therefore finding an economical design for sewerage networks require an optimal trade-off between pipes and excavation costs which can be easily achieved by engineering judgment. This paper pertains comparison between two methods i.e. simplified method (design 1) and conventional method (design 2).

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An experimental analysis has been performed to study combustion of AP- PVC based composite solid propellant using Crawford bomb setup. Dependence of burning rate on pressure, oxidizer loading and oxidizer particle size has also been studied.

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The mix design obtained from the packing density method has suitable workability, maximum packing density and minimum voids ratio. The geometrical characteristics like shape, size and proportion of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate affect packing density. The objective of this research is to study the mix design of concrete using packing density method. In this work large number of trail to decide the proportion of aggregate for that optimum bulk density and packing density calculated for different varying proportion of 20 mm: 12.5 mm coarse aggregate (i.e. 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 65:35, 60:40 and 50:50) and for varying proportion coarse aggregate: fine aggregate (i.e. 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 55:45 and 50:50). To finalize the mix design using packing density method also varies the percentage of excess cement paste (i.e. 5%, 7%, 9%, 10%, 11% and 12%). Tests were performed for the properties of fresh concrete like Workability test (Slump cone) and hard concrete like Compressive strength, split- tensile strength, Pull-out test were determined at 7, 14 and 28 days. The obtained results for above mentioned test using packing density method are satisfying the standard results.

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The mechanism of thermal decomposition of each composition have been determined by NETZSCH simultaneous thermal analyser, comprising differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermo- gravimetric analyser (TGA). The data indicate that the burn rate increases with increase in oxidizer loading as well as with pressure.

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In this project designed a model of expanded air refrigeration systems easy carrying and maintain. This project design address and overcome problems of air cooled refrigeration systems of commercial shops, business areas and also domestically usage cooling systems. Project model mainly focused to reducing cooling lose transforming from one place another place through pipes in case of centralized chilled water cooling system and also Focus of walk in cooler system weight and size minimizing to carrying easily from one place to another place within the premises by this structure saving energy comparatively more than nowadays usage cooling system. This type Design was user friendly and ecofriendly by minimizing power consumption. This cooling system easily settled anywhere like fit in rooftop package of a commercial building in the hot and dry climate condition. The optimal supply air temperature and refrigerant flow rate are calculated based on the cooling load and ambient dry-bulb temperature in summer session. Checked project performance with other of using empirically based models of the refrigeration system components for place taking and commercial advantages and also energy savings. The results are promising as approximately 12% saving of the average power consumption can be achieved in this project to a predetermined comfort constraint on the ambient temperature. Project approach will make an attractive contribution to residential and commercial shops and also stores applications for easy carrying and energy saving.

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Exposure to air pollution is an inescapable part of our urban life. In this study, the interaction patterns of air pollutants, SO2, NOx, SPM and PM10 are investigated based on measured database of the study area in Aurangabad. The paper mainly concentrates on the Impacts of Indoor and outdoor air pollutants especially on health, with result that Human Hygienic may be deteriorated, economic productivity may be declined. It has been concluded that intervention of the government has become indispensable to implement strong environmental policy and taking care of growing threats on air pollution in more institutionalized, regular and automatic basis is cannot be avoided.

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First time innovatively i introduced with my project double condensed refrigeration system this project deals with the design of a cooling system condenser efficiency doubled by with new artificial arrangements of refrigeration system. In this project advanced technical design arrangements of double condenser draw air through the condenser coils will be higher than that of existed cooling systems and also heat has to flow from the condenser to the air increases. The condensation temperature must be higher than that of the air between - 12°C and -1°C have taken less time compared to the nowadays cooling systems. Start of my project with the initial conditions is considered and accordingly the design will be modified. In this project I calculate the effective area of fixed cooling rate and the effective area of heat transfer of condenser is calculated. My project design is suggestible to a commercial business place and cold storages for fast heat recovered and dissipated to the environment at less time provided as input to the designed absorption system.

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In this research a dual compensating scheme based UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) controller has been designed for compensating source condition for all non-linear loading. The focus of the research is to mitigate harmonics in the supply system generated due to nonlinear loading and maintain the supply profile at all adverse conditions. UPQC is featured with dual compensation strategy such that it employs two converters. One is connected in series through a coupling transformer. Another is in parallel connected at load side. The controlled quantities are in synchronous frame. This simplifies the control algorithm of the topology. The performance of the system has been examined under various nonlinear loadings.

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In this paper graceful graph and application of graceful graph in the field of computer science is defined namely, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) which deals with networking. The MPLS used in wide area of networking particularly used in ATM network as the labelled flow can mapped to ATM virtual circuit identifiers and vice versa. This shows there existence of graceful labelling in the field of computer networking via MPLS. One of the important areas in graph theory is Graph Labelling used in many applications like coding theory, x-ray crystallography, radar, astronomy, circuit design, communication network addressing, data base management. This paper addresses how the concept of graceful labelling can be applied to the networking areas. An overview and new ideas has been proposed here.

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