In this paper an innovative compact tri frequency single pole antenna with elliptical slot, is presented for Wi-MAX applications. This antenna composed microstrip-fed circular disc with elliptical slot included a strip, and a ground plane with rectangular slot. The presented antenna has compact size of 18 × 25 × 1.6 mm3 and simple structure which covers 2.36-2.88, 3.38-3.70 and 4.97-6.42GHz frequencies for and Wi-MAX systems.

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Every time when fossil fuels burn they releases carbon dioxide. Major part of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is taken by the automobile exhaust. In natural way the carbon dioxide is re-absorbed by plants and trees. In current situation peoples are capturing carbon dioxide from exhaust pipes of large industries. But we know that the exhaust releasing from automobiles take part of 40-50% of total carbon dioxide in atmosphere. In India every year around 175 million vehicles get registered and the number get increased year by year. Carbon soot collection from automobile exhaust dose the job of collection carbon soot (in powdered form) from the exhaust outlet of vehicles. In this case truck and buses contribute large amount of carbon dioxide deposition. The carbon soot collector device is fitted at the end of the exhaust pipe, where it is fitted with clamps. After collection of soot from automobiles, this soot is then refined and treated with various types of methods to remove heavy metals and poisonous substances from it. This refined soot is then treated in labs with various chemicals and additives to create ink from soot. With the help of this we can reduce the pollution and reuse that pollution to create a useable ink or paints from it. There are some limitations while designing the collector device and in formation of ink or paints but with the application of this technique we have a better achievement point as well.

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The air to air rotary heat exchanger is a regenerative type heat exchanger used for preheating the combustion air or regeneration air, mainly in HVAC or steam power plant. The warm gas and cool air ducts are arranged to allow both the flue gas and inlet air to flow simultaneously through the air pre-heater. The hot flue gas heats the rotor material and as the rotor rotates, the hot rotor section moves into the flow of the cold air and preheats it. If the incoming air is not preheated, then some additional waste heat energy must be supplied to heat the air to a temperature required to facilitate combustion. Due to this, more fuel will be consumed which decreases overall efficiency of the power plant. The present review consist of different techniques used to study the process parameters of rotary regenerator are discussed.

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The aim of project is to provide automation in the field of agriculture. In India, being more than 60% of peoples are dependent on agriculture business, modern agriculture industries find application in the most of the part of the country. Now days, mobile phones have almost become an integral part of human life serving multiple needs of humans. GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is used to inform the user about the exact field condition. The data is passed onto the user request in the form of SMS. The GSM Module is used as a remote control of dc motors or any dc powered device. This module allows to operate the valve by a toll free call through the GSM network. Up to 4 mobile phone numbers can be registered and these numbers can belong to farmers/ technician/ engineers who wants to control the valves. By using the registered number the valve can be turned ON/OFF. There will be no call charges applied since the GSM module will not answer the call but only take the necessary action by identifying the registered number.

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Weight reduction through increased specific strength is the key element in choosing material for the aircraft frame. There are many materials which can reduce the weight and increase the specific strength but the only factor that is restricting us from using these materials is the cost (these materials come at a high price). Considering all the above factors, composite materials are selected for the manufacture of the aircraft frame. The fiber composite approach can provide significant improvements in specific strength and stiffness over conventional alloy. They have a higher temperature capability, higher through thickness strength and impact damage resistant. Another advantage of using composite materials is unlike metal alloys they do not react chemically and weaken the fiber during the manufacture process or in service at elevated temperatures. Keeping all this in mind companies which are in the aircraft production industry are using composite materials to save money and to guarantee the security of their aircraft.

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Wearing a helmet is important and required by the law in every country of the world. This paper discusses a simple system that makes it possible for a motorcycle accident victim to get the timely medical attention. In this system we use the vibration sensors, pressure sensors, GPS and GSM to achieve this. . One of the important problem with bike riders is that most of the time they don’t bother to wear helmet which could be fatal when accidents happen. Also reckless drivers are in the habit of drinking. Under the influence of liquor they indulge in rash driving. A smart helmet is a unique idea which automatically checks whether the person is wearing the helmet and has non-alcoholic breath while driving. GSM & GPS technology and also different sensors like alcohol sensor, flow, sensor, tilt sensor, bumper switch, and limit switch are used. Provision for cell phone charging is provided.

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In this paper, analysis and support design of the Bhatan tunnels have been carried out using empirical approach as well as numerical modeling approach. The cross section at particular intervals having a cover of 29m has been considered for the study. The rock mass classification and the support requirements have been determined using the widely used Q system of empirical approach. Stress analysis using Numerical methods being increasingly accepted for design of underground excavation due to their ability to consider most of the complexities and the reliability to produce realistic information. The two-dimensional discrete element modeling using UDEC version is used for stress analysis. The support system has been designed based on the deformations in the rock mass and slip and separation of the discontinuities around the excavation. The adequacy of the support system can be gauged from the reduction in the extent of rock mass failure and deformations. The comparison of the two methods have been summarized at the end.

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The objective of the paper is to provide an understanding on the effect of implementation of Self-Managed team as a necessary step towards improving the operational efficiency in pharmaceutical manufacturing Industry. Indian Pharma Industry is the second largest Industry in terms of export of generic pharmaceutical products. High quality products and on time delivery are the success criterions for this Industry, and hence, improving operational efficiency was a paramount importance of business sustenance. Manpower being a crucial variable in the production process, it was chosen as a primary focus area. Talent required for the industry needed to be well trained in all the manufacturing processes. Developing a Self-Managed Team, specifically trained in all aspects of pharmaceutical manufacturing was considered to be quintessential. A study was conducted to understand the principles of self-managed teams and its adoption to pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. It involved review of literature in the areas of self-managed teams, empowered working culture and organisational psychology. Based on this study a framework of Self-Managed Team was drafted and reviewed for implementation. A pilot implementation project enabled the management to understand the effectiveness of accomplishment of intended benefits in the areas of operational efficiency. With the initial success, the self-managed team philosophy was then broad based and implemented in all the areas of manufacturing operations successfully. This philosophy became a case study in the area of engaging empowered self-managed teams and hence was also adopted for implementation by other Indian pharmaceutical organisations.

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The ad-hoc wireless network is vulnerable for Sybil assults because it’s an non stationary environment. In a common remote sensor orchestrate, the batteries of the hubs near the sink deplete snappier than various centers in view of the data action concentrating towards the sink, abandoning it stranded and disturbing the sensor data reporting. To soothe this issue, versatile sinks are proposed. They positively give stack balanced data conveyance and accomplish uniform-vitality usage over the framework. On the other hand, publicizing the position of the adaptable sink to the framework introduces an overhead with respect to imperativeness use and package delays. In this paper, we propose Ring Routing, a novel, conveyed, vitality proficient portable sink steering convention, reasonable for time-delicate applications, which hopes to minimize this overhead while ensuring the advantages of versatile sinks. Furthermore, we assess the execution of Ring Routing by method for wide amusements. Each node sharing RSSI values to vet each other.

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Minimizing energy consumption in buildings has become an important goal in architecture and urban planning in recent years. Guidelines were developed for each climatic zone aiming at increasing solar exposure for buildings in cold climates and at reducing solar exposure for buildings in hot climates. This approach usually plans for the season with the harshest weather; often forgetting that temperatures in cities at latitude 25° can drop below thermal comfort limits in winter and that temperatures in cities at latitude 48° often rise above thermal comfort limits in summer. This study argues that a holistic approach to energy efficient building forms is needed. It demonstrates a generic energy efficient building form derived by glass walls at exterior and composite wall at the interior. In this study we are also utilizing low carbon footprint material replacing a certain percentage of cement in concrete for R.C.C. members. In this research work for modelling and dynamic analysis ETABS tool is considered.

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Concrete structures are prone to earthquake due to mass of the structures. primary use of structural lightweight concrete (SLWC) is to reduce the dead load of a concrete structure, which allows the structural designer to reduce the size of the structural members like beam, column, and footings which results in reduction of earthquake forces on the structure. This study is an attempt to predict the seismic response of a ten-storied reinforced concrete frame with the use of lightweight concrete. A well-designed ten storey example is taken for study. The structure is modelled with ETABS software, and analysis is carried out with normal weight and lightweight concrete. The main motive of our study is to assign a light weight concrete in a high rise structure, where we can check its positive and negative effect on the stability of the structure. Also to justify the structural cost reduction due to implementation of light weight material.

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The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) aimed to reduce the numbers of the hungry and chronically undernourished to 832 million by 2018, but this did not happen. There are still 806 million hungry people and half the world population is either undernourished or malnourished. The poor and the underdeveloped countries have not made any appreciable progress in improving food and nutritional security bio fortification enriching the nutrition contribution of staple crops through plant breeding is one option. Scientific evidence shows this is technically feasible without compromising productivity. The challenge is to get producers and consumers to accept bio fortified crops and increase their intake of the target nutrients. A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested for food or profit grains, such as corn, wheat, and rice, are the world's most popular food crops. In fact, these crops are often the basis for food staples. A food staple is a food that makes up the dominant part of a population's diet. Deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and zinc affect over one-half of the world's population. Progress has been made to control micronutrient deficiencies through supplementation and food fortification, but new approaches are needed, especially to reach the rural poor.

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In a communication system spectrum band has a crucial role. Spectrum band can efficiently use by cognitive radio because of its ability to sense surrounding environment. Cognitive radio sense vacant holes or unoccupied spectrum band by detecting the primary users' presence or absence in the spectrum. Also, prevent interference between signals. Using more than one cognitive radio in the detection process will increase the efficiency of spectrum usage. Conventional cooperative spectrum sensing detects signal for high SNR value but using machine learning techniques detection of signal occur under low SNR also increase efficiency and detection performance. The aim of is to classify signal and noise using Machine learning method for Cognitive Radio. Used machine learning technique for cooperative spectrum sensing method in cognitive radio based on the fuzzy membership functions and Fusion center (FC). At Fusion Center information combines from each the secondary users and using some fuzzy rules such as algebraic product, algebraic sum gives a final decision about the absence/presence of a primary user. Proposed System designed using multiple parameters. The Fuzzy Logic system gives much better results compared to the Referred system also Detection of signal occurs at low SNR condition.

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Strain gauges are utilized in many applications like bridges and structural frames for monitoring their health and also monitoring vibrations in rotating elements. Electrical resistance strain-gauge approximately fulfils all of the favourable needs for a strain gauge; therefore it is utilized in stress analysis and as the sensing element. The smallest dimensional change of mechanical elements in response to a mechanical load, pressure, force, and stress causes a change in the resistance of the strain gauge. Wheatstone bridge is commonly employed to convert the resistance change to an output voltage. Most commonly used strain gauge circuit use Quarter bridge, Half bridge and Full bridge orientation. Every strain measuring circuits have some amount of uncertainty linked with it. This research work aims to understand the uncertainties while measuring strain in a fixed-fixed type of beam with static loading conditions. The method adopted for recording the reading experimentally is the deflection method for a Wheatstone bridge circuit.

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This paper presents the proposal of constructing a new prestressed railway bridge from Dockyard railway station to CST railway station. The proposed bridge will help divert two platforms of harbour line to a new location in CSTM station area and the existing two harbour platforms will be used to facilitate the construction of 5th and 6th line of central railway. The commuters of the central line have a really hard time while commuting as most of the trains are overcrowded. Hence, the government has proposed an expansion of two extra lines for central line passengers. However, this could not be implemented due to space problems for the route. If the existing harbour lines are shifted to a new location, it could open up new alternatives for future expansion for both the lines. The proposed bridge will be a prestressed continuous bridge with pile foundation. The bridge will have a total span of around 3000m. Prestressed bridges require only one line of bearing, reducing the width of pier which helps in reduction of flow obstruction. They require less expansion joints hence reducing the cost of the bridge. This paper also includes study of various research papers about the structural behavior of prestressed railway bridges to loads, exposure, materials, etc. The analysis and modeling of the bridge will be done by STAAD Pro.

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This project is an attempt to make a vertical, two-wheeled robot which will be capable of balancing itself with the help of the mechanical, structural and electronical equipment and sensors. The structural part is made such that the device is unstable and leans on the vertical axes. The geographical sensors provide with the data such as the height, inclination, etc. These data is passed on to the microcontroller which evaluates these data using the PID algorithm and provides with independent rotation to the wheels. The wheels are fitted with a servo motor and this independent rotation helps the device to balance itself and to stay in its vertical position.

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The present work is to develop a model of three-dimensional surface for reverse engineering. A generalized surface modelling for free form surfaces has been presented in this work. Surface scanning re-modelling and tool path generation to produce the required surface are being used very frequently to develop upon an already existing product within least possible time. In this paper, complex Bezier surface patch has considered a free form surface for modelling as well as generating tool path. For Bezier surface patch, the control points have defined for the patch and using this single patch, control vertices have been created. Then within the range of Bezier parameters u and v between 0 and 1, Bezier boundary/smoothening points have been developed for these defined vertices, and by plotting these points for various rows and columns, smoothening Bezier surface patch has been generated and tool path planning is done with the help of smoothening points.

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Social media usage has become an essential and important part of day-to-day activities of people. Social Networks are the most common platform for this generations to share ideas, activities. The users of these sites are increasing day by day. Various social networking sites are Facebook, twitter, YouTube, Instagram, snapchat etc. This paper shows survey on a different ranking mechanism of social media such as Page rank, Polarity, Engagement rate, etc. this mechanisms are necessary to manage and control the amount of insane information by filtering and ranking everything in order to ensure they are right there for users' viewing pleasure.

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As we all know in today's modern world nothing is possible without transportation and we all are familiar with the current scenario of fuels used for the IC engines, but they have their own side effects such as air pollution, fossil fuel depletion and high cost as well. So in context to it this project is based on using compressed air in the place of fossil fuels as it is free of cost and abundance in nature to the best way of an alternative fuel is the usage of Non-conventional source of energy which is air. It will decrease the cost and pollution by no compromise with transportation so this project replaces a gasoline based IC engine with pneumatic automobile (2-wheeler). Which will ultimately reduce the cost of the overall transportation as well as makes the transportation more convenient and eco-friendly by reducing the pollution level at a considerably higher level. A success to this project will also reduce the emission of the various harmful greenhouse gases such as various NOx, SOx, CO2, Some amount of CO and hydrocarbons to our environment leading to a greater relief to global warming and ozone layer depletion as well.

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This project is an attempt to raise a concern about the growing pollution of the environment. The risks affecting the environment has been growing regularly through the decades. The environmental position changes from time to time. And this change is the need for the monitoring and controlling system of the environment. The environment is an important factor and its pollution has a great influence to human health and is the reason of the diseases to human beings. Therefore this project uses IOT to monitor the pollution. The system uses the air sensor, sound sensor and temperature and humidity sensor to monitor the different types of pollution. There is an interaction between the sensors and the microcontroller. The microcontroller is the one which processes the data and it gets transmitted over the internet.

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Due to steady reduction of world petroleum reserves and the influence of environmental pollution there is a serious need for suitable alternative fuels for use in diesel engines. In view of this, waste cooking oil biodiesel blended with kerosene is a promising alternative because it is renewable, environment friendly and produced easily in rural areas, where there is an acute need for modern form of energy. Therefore, during recent years a methodical approach has been made by several researchers to use waste cooking oil biodiesel as a fuel in IC engines. In this study the waste cooking oil collected from various places such as hotels, food bakery, and chips shop etc., the waste cooking oil was converted into biodiesel through Tran’s esterification process which is methanol and KOH was used as catalyst. The pure waste cooking oil having high viscosity and calorific value which is performs lower brake thermal efficiency and higher exhaust emission. Here kerosene act as a dilution agent to reduce the viscosity and increase calorific value of waste cooking oil biodiesel. The kerosene was blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel by various percentages such as 10%, 20% and 50%. The experimental investigations were carried out in single cylinder, water cooled four stroke Kirloskar TV 1 diesel engine and coupled with an eddy current dynamometer as loading device. The performance and emission characteristic were investigated on that test engine with various load condition and minted at constant speed of the engine. The brake thermal efficiency is increased for maximum concentration of 50% kerosene into waste cooking oil biodiesel (BD50:KE50). It has shown an increase of 2.55% compared to waste cooking oil biodiesel (BD100). The specific fuel consumption is decreased to the blend BD50:KE50 compared to BD100 blend. The CO, HC, smoke emission, are found to decreases with the blend BD50:KE50 and increases of NOx emission compared to that of waste cooking oil biodiesel. The decreasing value of CO, HC, smoke, is 20%, 11.5%, 21.5%, respectively and NOx is slightly increases.

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In the present work the effects of different values of addendum modification on the gear root stress in involute spur gears presented. The series of addendum modification co-efficient from higher value that is positive value to lower value that is negative value through zero is considered. Analysis is done theoretically and experimentally concerning the effect of addendum modification on the gear root stresses. Addendum modification calculated as per DIN 3992.Tooth Bending tests performed on spur gears with various amounts of addendum modification, using a universal testing machine of hydraulic type. Gear models with different addendum modification generated using kiss-soft software. Test results validated with the analysis software.

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Steel and concrete are the most used materials in the world, with approximately more than three tones concrete used per annum individually. Concrete is consumed around the world twice than the entirety of all other construction materials, including aluminum, steel, wood and plastic. However, the material is used so widely that world cement production contributes 5 % of annual global CO2 production. In the attention in response to sustainable society and global warming issues, manufacturing using natural materials has become actively. Low cost, fast growing, and broad distribution of growth of Bamboo, is expected to contribute significantly to earthquake-resistant structures and seismic retrofit technology in the developing countries. This paper presents the construction of bamboo-crete slab with the help of wire mesh and plane cement concrete. These studies led to establishment of bamboo's composite behaviour through the rule of mix.

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Current total productions of steel slag in India are around 12 million tonnes per annum. Due to limited modes of practices of utilization, huge amount of steel slag dumped in yards .as a result a large area of land is being sacrificed for the disposal of the useful resource. An efficient approach to overcome these problems is the slag utilization. This leads to reduction of landfills reserved for its disposal, saving the natural resources and attaining a pontentionl environment. They can be used as recycled raw material as road aggregate, cement, concretrete admixtures, etc. hardened concrete consist of more than 70% aggregate due to the high demand in building construction and the increase of the amount of disposed waste material, there is an alternative material(steel slag) which could preserve natural sources and save environment.

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A Payment portal with a specific (pay later) feature for institutional purposes which include college canteens, other firms using only their personal specific transactions. The portal would help the institution (firm) to maintain the feature of data integrity also ledger for its firm and for updating data to its employee interface for proceeding with payment gateway. The norms for the payment security of the user would be if the user refuses pay his amount of the very first transaction within the given time set by the firm He/ She would not be able to make the next transaction and has to pay with the interest.

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