In this current era of technological advancement, everything needs to be equipped with the IT tools and the systems. So as is the case with the use of IoT applications as well as the communication networks. For the current research work, these applications are to provide with the secure small city. If IoT concept is integrated into the modern cities, then things can get difficult in future. It is important to use technology so that infrastructure can be managed with better planning as well as control. There are various key factors, which drive the need for secure smart cities. One of the significant key factors is efficiency. One thing is obvious that IoT is going to be an indispensable element for future smart and secure cities, as technologies related to IoT have great potential to transform and change the daily life of people across the globe. Based on the findings, it is concluded that smart city development is need of the hour. Various issues are being faced by urban areas, in case the population kept on growing at the same pace, then smart city development is the only solution to deal with future problems. However, it was also found out that the implication of IoT applications, in terms of developing smart cities, is not yet common and only the developed world is focusing on it. It is important for big cities all around the world to consider using IoT based applications for smart and secure cities.

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Within the era, the vehicles square measure centered to be machine-driven to offer human driver relaxed driving. within the field of automobile numerous facet has been thought-about that makes vehicle machine-driven. during this paper, considering the various options and the price, on a tiny low scale a three-wheeled conveyance robotic epitome has been designed that may follow the lane and avoid obstacles. Autonomous cars square measure a developing technology which can encourage be consecutive massive evolution in personal transportation. This report begins by describing the landscape and key players within the self-driving automobile market. Current capabilities, as well as limitation and opportunities of key enabling technologies, square measure reviewed, together with a discussion on the impact of such advances on society and also the atmosphere. Most impact, together with reduced traffic and parking congestion, freelance quality for poor people, redoubled safety, and energy conservation and pollution reductions can solely be important once autonomous vehicles become common and cheap to folk. Raspberry Pi is that the hardware of our Autonomous automobile. Numerous pictures are captured by the camera module, on this pictures numerous Image process techniques square measure won’t to succeed computing.

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Automobile manufacturers are subject to the demands of a vast international pool of customers. Economic conditions affect overall industry sales. Today, the automobile sector in India is aptly described as the next sunrise sector of the Indian economy. Trends of production, sales and exports have been analyzed in the present paper with reference to the Indian automobile sector. The sales of vehicles in countries like Europe, America, Africa, NAFTA countries, and India have been considered to forecast the future sales. Data for sales between the periods of 2005 to 2018 have been collected and analyzed using the ARIMA forecasting technique. Results depict that future trends in vehicle sales are likely to vary considerably across the developed countries and India. It is concluded that in Europe, America, Africa and NAFTA countries, vehicle sales are expected to be broadly flat. In India, vehicle sales are expected to continue to increase due to population increases as well as high income elasticity and rising income levels.

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This report consists of application of various marine loads as per Indian standard codes on jetty structure and observing the behaviour of the structure under given loads and load combinations. The structure is also modelled and designed for all the seismic zones in India and the change, behaviour and Sensitivity of structure to different loads is discussed in the report.

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This study was conducted to analyze the physico -chemical characteristics of organic matters separated from Municipal solid waste using a rotary drum reactor ( RDR ) process and static mechanically air blown reactor (ABR). The aeration method of the compost had great influence on the physico-chemical characteristics (temperature, moisture content, pH, organic content) of the compost. In the ABR the temperature was observed to be higher than the RDR which may be due to the daily rotation of the rotary drum as it dissipates the heat generated and interrupt the temperature rise. On analyzing results by ANOVA showed that decrease in the temperature varied significantly between the two reactor ( p<0.05 ), but in both the process the temperature did not attain the thermophilic phase as it was below 50°C. The temperature control methods can be implemented to attain the required thermopilic phase. The present study helps to prove that the pH is not a key factor in the deciding the stability of the compost as it is same in both the cases throughout the experiment. The fertilizing index for TOC was calculated for the MSW compost taking the relative importance of the parameter into consideration. ADR and RDR which showed 4.43 and 5 for TOC. The results indicated that ADR had more advantage over the RDR. After composting the material for duration of 20 days the end product need further curing, hence these methods can be used for preliminary stabilization of compost.

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synthesis of 2,4,5 tri-subtituted imidazole derivatives have been achieved via one pot reaction of various aromatic aldehyde, benzil and ammonium acetate promoted by magnesium chloride in acetic acid as solvent. Reaction carried out at 900C for 60 to 90 minutes with different derivatives of aldehyde.

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In this Paper, wireless networks, security has been proposed which becomes the prime factor of concern. The mobility of the nodes, in these so called Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETS), furthermore leads to a situation where it is very difficult to establish secure data transmission. Since the use of mobile equipments such as cellular phones or laptops is tremendously increasing and because of limited physical security, vulnerability to attacks, including an attack known as the wormhole attack, has become a challenging work. The wormhole attack is very powerful and preventing the attack has proven to be very complex. A strategic placement of the wormhole can result in a significant breakdown in communication across a wireless network. This addresses the aforementioned gap by providing a proper definition and categorization of wormhole attacks against MANET by introducing a new cooperative, clock synchronized technique based on Reference Broadcast System (RBS), and discuss its effect on network performance. To improve network scalability and throughput, the concept of thread for each and every node of MANET is proposed. So that our proposed scheme has two phases namely, route discovery phase of AODV (Ad hoc on demand distance vector protocol) for routing, Principle of Hop count for threshold setting are combined to detect and isolate wormhole attacks in ad hoc networks. That manages how the nodes are going to behave and which to route the packets in secured way.

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The smart helmet is made to provide means and apparatus for detecting and reporting accidents. Sensors, Wi-Fi enabled processor and cloud computing infrastructures are utilized for building this system. It is designed for the safety and welfare of the society. The bike will not start if the rider is not wearing the helmet or has consumed alcohol. If any accident occurs the alert message will be sent to respective emergency number. The accident detection system communicates the accelerometer values to the processor which continuously monitors for erratic variations. When an accident occurs, the related details are sent to the emergency contacts by utilizing a cloud-based service. The vehicle location is obtained by making use of the global positioning system.

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The voice features like speaking style pitch, fundamental frequency of each speaker is unique. Speech recognition is the capability to recognize said words whereas speaker recognition recognizes the speaker on the specific characteristics obtained from speaker voice. Speaker recognition is a significant area in the field of speech processing. The standard databases existing for speaker recognition and forensic speaker recognition also discussed .The criterion for selection of these database also covered in this study. In speaker recognition various sources of variability has been discussed. Various factor responsible for variability has been explained. This paper describes the I-Vector and deep learning techniques.

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Structural components are considered to be superscript to other types of constructions because of their ability to resist against to the loads, stresses acting on to them, high flexural strength, durability, low maintenance cost when compared to normal constructions. But now a days due to scarcity of cementitious materials there was a great need of other alternate materials to adhere the situation and mostly in countries like India where construction is in great form. Being construction cost is high, as its primary ingredient is cement researchers are looking forward to replace cement by using various substantial materials. In this study, an attempt is made to replacement of cement with industrial produced materials like Vitrified polish waste (VPW), as optimum replacement for cement from past literature and making it as constant. Mix design is done for varying proportions of (5%,10%,15%, 20%) and specimens were casted and tested for mechanical properties. The maximum strength attained at the mix proportioning of 15%VPW when compared with control mix and design of cement concrete has done confining to IS codal provision.

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This paper provides a comprehensive heat transfer devices and their relative merits for wide variety of industrial applications. The effectiveness of a heat transfer enhancement technique is evaluated by the Thermal Performance Factor which is a ratio of the change in the heat transfer rate to change in friction factor. Various types of inserts are used in many heat transfer enhancement. Shell-side performances of trefoil perforated plate baffle heat exchanger with equilateral triangle tube layout and quatrefoil-hole baffle heat exchangers with square tube arrangement have been studied numerically. Through establishment of periodic model of heat exchangers with three different trefoil and quatrefoil opening heights of 2.0mm, 2.5mm and 3.0mm, the influence of opening height on the shell-side performances has been studied. The results indicate that the enlargement of opening height decreases pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient while the reduction of it causes dramatic pressure loss with a modest increase of heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop of trefoil-hole baffle heat exchangers is higher than that of heat exchangers with quadrifoil-hole baffles.

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This document provides a concept based experimental analysis of the effect of placement position of geofoam on deformation behavior of geogrid reinforced soil walls. Different codal provisions for design of reinforced soil structures are also made using methods as working stress method and load resistance factor design method (BS 8006 (2010), FHWA (2000)). However the major concerns in performance of geogrid reinforced soil walls were found to be the excessive deformations in service life, which is mainly due to the lateral earth pressure force. Different attempts were made to reduce the lateral earth pressure behind reinforced zone with the help of EPS geofoam as a compressible inclusion. Majority of these attempts were restricted to material evaluation and dynamic horizontal load attenuation only. A very few of researchers have put forward their efforts to evaluate the influence of geofoam inclusion on performance of geogrid reinforced soil walls. Efforts made by author in this study was limited the evaluation of the geogrid reinforced soil walls for self weight loading and a single location of the geofoam i.e. exactly behind the reinforced zone. Studies, which showcase the utilization of geofoam within the reinforced mass, have not been reported yet. The present study demonstrates the small scale model tests on geogrid reinforced soil walls with and without geofoam inclusion. Behavior of geogrid reinforced soil walls subjected to a strip loading without geofoam, with geofoam inclusion behind reinforced zone and geofoam inclusion made at the center of the reinforced zone. A 0.023H wide strip loading was gradually applied with the help of Universal testing machine (UTM) at the center of the reinforced zone till the maximum load reaches to 32kN or a maximum settlement of 15mm whichever occurs earlier. A 0.083H thick, low density (8 kg/m3) geofoam was used in the present study as a compressible inclusion.

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In today’s social Health Insurance structure where patients stay at home after Operations, they are not possible monitored 24-hours by a medical caretaker or a family member so. Many people now a days who work full time are facing a problem of monitoring their loved ones especially old age patient’s. So to overcome this problem we are using this patient health monitoring system using IOT. This Uses sensor technology with micro-controller and Wi-Fi module to help the user monitor their loved ones. Those people in most cases are not able to speak .by using these system. This system takes care when in no one is present to attend the patient and thus sending a message through GSM of what he wants to convey in SMS. It then passes on this data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the data displays the particular message as per input obtained. The microcontroller now displays the associated message on the LCD screen. It also buzzer along with message as soon as it receives motion signal from the accelerometer. If there was no one to attend to the message displayed on the LCD, in this way the Automated Paralysis Patient Care System truly automates the care taking ability of the patient which ensures a timely.

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The electrical power generated by the wind system is one of the most reliable, efficient and developed renewable energy sources. Doubly fed induction (DFIG) based wind farm is today the most widely used concept. This paper reviewed and studied about dynamic modeling and control of doubly fed induction (DFIG) based on the wind turbine systems. Many researcher’s/Author’s perform different work as well as analysis based on Power Control of Distorted Grid Voltage for Doubly fed Induction Generator The dynamic performance of doubly fed induction generator is under various operating conditions like stability, grid voltage distortion as well as without distortion are studied . In this paper review about direct power control (DPC) strategy for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind power generation system under distorted grid voltage and without distortion grid voltage. Harmonic component analysis of electrical grid is also studied through different literature survey.

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MANET stands for Mobile Ad-hoc Network are self-created and self-organized by a collection of independent mobile nodes that communicate with each other through making a route. Route can be formed with the help of routing protocol. One of the popular routing protocols is AODV. AODV is an Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector is a routing protocol designed for wireless and mobile ad-hoc network, routing information about the active path maintain by AODV. Each node keeps a routing table for communication among nodes. ART (Active Route Timeout) and DC (Delete Period Constant) stores in routing table. In this paper value of ART, DC, can be analyzed for scalable MANET.

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In this paper we studied about selection recruitment are main function of HR because they are help in finding a suitable job recruitment of selection are important process in HRM it is the process of screening Sourcing shortlist meaning of also selecting the right candidate for the vacant position the manager can receive the application form of employees and select candidate those who are capable to this position there are the stages of recruitment and also 5K Strategies for hiring new staff effectively recruitment goes to find and play Stop candidates finding more qualified candidates finding more qualified candidates with attractive skill.

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In this work, the power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-6, IEC 61000-2-12, has been satisfied for single -phase medium voltage applications. Eleven-level Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter has been proposed which has been controlled using various level shifted modulation techniques. The ER G5/4 power quality standard has been met, which has the strictest grid codes at medium voltage level. In order to achieve this goal, symmetrical CHB with variable DC Links are employed, while the converter has a low number of switching transitions. The proposed topology has been implemented using four different modulation techniques. Also the performance analysis is done to evaluate THD of the system under various grid code condition.

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Recommender systems help the users to get the useful information regarding their search. To overcome the disadvantages of content- based filtering and collaborative filtering, Hybrid filtering is one of the best suitable approaches. Hospital Recommendation Services have been gaining popularity these days. There are many applications and systems that are recommending hospitals based on the user’s requirements and to meet the patient satisfaction. These applications take the reviews of the patients and the users and based on these reviews, they recommend the hospitals. Also if a person is new to the location that he is currently residing, when the specialty is given as input by him, then these applications recommend the hospitals. But the problem is that everyone is not aware of the medical terms like specialties. For those people, “Health or hospital Service Recommendation System” comes handy. “Health Service Recommendation System” is an Android Application for finding hospitals within a specified range of distance and requirements provided by the client using the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm. Naïve Bayes algorithm classifies the specialty and thus helps in achieving the maximum accuracy compared to the other algorithms used. This application is helpful even for the people who are not aware of the specialties of the hospitals. This paper overcomes these issues by using Hybrid Filtering. This system fetches the information from the user and displays the nearby hospitals related to it. In this paper, the location of the user and the requirement of which type of hospital should be mentioned by the user itself. Among the detected hospitals it suggests the hospitals to users based on the user ratings. Based on the Hybrid filtering approach recommend the hospitals to the account holders. Depends on the specialty of the Hospital and user preference, the Similarity is calculated using the cosine similarity concept. In Hybrid filtering, we consider the constraint which was given by the user. The main objective of this paper is to recommend the best hospitals to the users which will be helpful in emergency situations methods.

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A novel technique is implemented for the eye controlled based independent and cost-effective system. The purpose of this Eye Wheel is to eliminate the necessity of the assistance required for the disabled person based on the movement of his eye and it provides great opportunity for the disabled to feel independent accessible life. The implemented system will allow the disabled person to control the wheelchair without the assistance from other persons. In this system controlling of wheelchair is carried out Based on Eye movements. The camera is mounted in front of the user, to capture the image of any one of the Eye (either left or right) and track the position of eye pupil with the use of Image processing techniques. According to the position of the eye, wheelchair motor will be directed to move left, right, forward and backward. In addition to this, for the safety purpose ultrasonic sensor is mounted in front of wheelchair to detect the obstacles and automatically stop the wheelchair movement.

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In DTMN the nodes with similar mobility pattern are grouped into a cluster. The cluster can helps to reduce the network overload because it can interchange the resources among the nodes in the cluster. During data transmission, the delay tolerant network can lose connectivity and take a long time for data transmission. This can be reduced by using UTDG protocol and RER protocol. UTDG protocol has three phases – tree formation, data collection and data transmission, and updating phase. UTDG protocol constructs a tree in each cluster. It reduces transmission overhead and lowers the delay in data delivery. A reliable energy-aware routing protocol increases the node life time by increasing the energy level of the node. A hop by hop transmission mechanism is used to guard the reliability of message transmission.

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Increasing trend of urban flooding is a universal occurrence and also great challenge to urban planner to the world over the proper management of storm water drainage may be situation due to urban flooding problem but suitable selection of model for a practice watershed is a challenge. One of the many complex problem that occurs from increased urbanization is related to management of storm water from developed area. If storm water is not governing properly, it may lead to flooding of urban area and deterioration of water quality in river or pond. Due to urbanization and fast growth of the cities, the need for proper storm water disposal is required. The augmentation of existing storm water drainage network of city is going to be assessed, followed by in depth analysis, planning and design by SWMM Software. Storm water drainage issue is one of the considerable challenges facing in many parts of Ahmedabad and its surrounding areas. So, the study focuses on the assessment of storm water drainage system in Chharodi village as a design of storm water by using SWMM software.

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The copper cables used has many drawbacks and losses like i^2 r losses and the tensile strength etc. In order to reduce these losses the evolution of Cugraphene composite has evolved. This new power lines will contain the addition of graphene(less in ratio proportion) than that of copper (base metal) in the commercial power transmission cables has made a new flourished trend. Graphene is 200 times stronger than steel and 500 times stronger than copper, and it has much tensile strength with copper. Though graphene transfers electrons at much faster rate hence it replaces the conventional cables with improved efficiency. The current density of graphene is 10^6 times greater than copper and its intrinsic mobility is 1000 times more conductive than silicon. Therefore it conducts electricity much better than copper. The thermal conductivity is 2000 Watts per meter per kelvin which is 5 times higher than copper, so it conducts heat better than any other known material. The electrons in the valence shell are free to move, so it conducts electricity much faster than copper, therefore the electrical conductivity is also high. Using CVD [Chemical Vapor Deposition], the Cu GRAF is kept between 800 and 900 degree Celsius. Then they are tested it in saline water and witnessed to corrosion almost that with the existing commercial copper.

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The data set used by machine learning algorithms, every instance, is represented using the same set of features. These features may be binary, continuous, and categorical. On the basis of features, it may be classified as supervised and unsupervised learning. If instances are given with known labels which correspond to the correct outputs then the learning is said to be supervised. Whereas unsupervised learning corresponds to the instances which are unlabeled. A special kind of learning called reinforced learning is in which the training information that is provided to the learning system by the external environment is in the form of scalar reinforcement signal. This signal constitutes a measure on the system operation.

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The paper presents a comprehensive repository of information required to implement network for multimedia traffic in NS-2. The paper is arranged in such a way that it builds up the framework required to be used in NS-2 for successful implementation of Fraction of decodable frames and packet loss rate for multimedia traffic. In the paper demonstrates a work place for conducive experimentation of video transmission in 802.11in MANETs. The first set of results deal with the performance parameter Fraction of decodable frames. The next set of results is for the performance parameter is packet loss rate. In the paper the performance of video transmission is tested and its ruggedness over a small wireless network and all the simulation steps can be used as groundwork for performing much other experimentation on the same topic in future. The paper presents complete analysis of the video transmission using MPEG_4 for two performance parameters via Fraction of decodable frames and packet loss rate in a very novel manner. These results can be used as benchmarks and rules of thumb for performing further research and implementing networks.

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In early 1900s, the British physicist Lord Kelvin declared: “There is not anything new to discover in physics. All remains is to advance accurately measure its quantities.” In the same year quantum physics was born and three decades later it, and Einstein’s theory of relativity, had completely revolutionized and transformed physics. These days, hardly someone would dare to say that our knowledge of the universe, and everything in it, is almost complete. On the other hand, every new discovery appears to open a Pandora’s Box of larger and deeper issues. I have gathered some of today’s biggest unsolved problems in physics, and tried to list them in this research paper.

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