In recent years, with the wide development in communications networks and applied the e-government in most field depending on the internet and its technologies, with the development in the hackers ability to intruder the communication channels. Security is a major concern while sending and receiving sensitive data over web. Cryptography aims to protect the content of digital image during transmission and to be able to recover its content in receiver’s side with sufficient level of accuracy. In the area of multimedia, an image has become important medium of communication, they are used in many fields such as medical science, military; they are stored or transfer through network, security of such image data is important. This paper is aimed to design and develop a method to address this problem. The proposed method is based on Blowfish algorithm with enhanced features. It has been enhanced with confusion and diffusion method to strengthen the security of image. Our proposed model gives two layers of security for secret data, which fully satisfy the basic key factors of information security system that includes: Confidentiality, Authenticity, Integrity and Non – Repudiation. The proposed encryption Algorithm in this study has been tested on some images and showed good results.

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The purpose of this project is to investigate ways of simplifying chassis calculations, models currently being used for verification into something that can be used iteratively during design. The goal of this project is to present a recommendation on how to approach using finite element analysis when designing chassis frames. The main purpose of any research is to find the flaws of previous process and create something new which is more developed to a high degree of complexity and highly advanced. There can be other methodologies to design, but there is always a need of improvement. Numbers of new materials are introduced. There are many materials which can replace conventional materials and can be more beneficial. So there is need to test and verify more beneficial processes. This paper contains the work done by the other researchers and our own simulation work.

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The development of concrete technology can decrease the use of natural resources and energy sources and lessen the burden of pollutants on environment. The major benefit of supplementary cementitious material is their ability to return certain amount of cement and still capable to present cementitious property, as a result reducing the cost of using Portland Pozzolana cement. The waste materials which can be used as additional cementitious material like fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace, stone dust etc. From all these waste material the most successful cementitious material is silica fume and stone dust because it improves the strength and durability of concrete to such level that recent design rules also identify for the addition of silica fume and stone dust for design of high strength concrete. Silica fume is also known as micro silica; it is used as an artificial pozzolanic super plasticizer. Stone dust is a waste material obtained from crusher plants. It has potential to be used as partial replacement of natural river sand in concrete. Use of stone dust in concrete not only improves the quality of concrete but also conserve the natural river sand for future generations. Substitution of normal sand by stone dust will serve both solid waste minimization and waste recovery. To reduce the amount of cement and sand in concrete supplementary material are used. Silica fume and stone dust are most popular material used in the concrete to improve its compressive, flexural, split tensile strength and also increase its durability. For this purpose silica fume is partially replaced by 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% by the weight of cement and stone dust is partially replaced by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by the weight of sand. The design mix proportion of 1:1.55:3.44 at water cement ratio of 0.50 were used for M20 grade of concrete. Various tests were conducted in the research which showed the results of the above percentage for the time period of 3, 7 and 28 days curing as a substitution of cement by silica fume and sand by stone dust on compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and durability. The results show the maximum increase in strength of concrete occurred when 10% & 20% and 12.5% & 25% cement and sand replacement was done with silica fume and stone dust.

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Like a unique mark look framework, face recognition innovation can help law implementation offices in recognizing suspects or finding missing people. Face recognition is a profoundly proficient and exact device in investigation process. With the accessibility of the Nano gadgets, for example, Raspberry Pi. In this paper, a Raspberry Pi and cloud helped face recognition structure is proposed. A small portable camera put on door or wall to catch the picture, which is passed to Raspberry Pi for face discovery and acknowledgment. The proposed technique is executed on Raspberry Pi 3 demonstrate in Python 3 and OpenCV. Trial results approve the proficiency of the proposed technique in precise discovery of faces contrasted with cutting edge face location and acknowledgment strategies, and check its viability for upgrading law implementation benefits in keen urban areas.

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This paper super market management system is using the purpose of inventory management. It uses sale and purchase inventory into stock. This software will help retailer for managing the various types of inventory to his/her customer. This app will help the user to work in a more effective and efficient environment the retailer has been recording the customer information in the past and even in the present through their personal manual efforts. And indeed, it consumes their considerable time and energy that could be utilized in the better productive activities. This increasing customer Strength, the task of managing information of each individual customer is indeed a weighty task. When the product is purchase it should automatically update the stock level in database i .e the total item is 100 and 10 item is purchased ,then the stock will be automatically updated to 90, when the item ID is entered it will automatically display the item details and total amount will be generated and the bill has been printed. The project "supermarket management system" is developed with the objective of making the system consistent, easier, fast, and more helpful.

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This paper presents a new method for the optimisation of the mirror element spacing arrangement and operating temperature of linear Fresnel reflectors (LFR). The specific objective is to maximise available power output (i.e. energy) and operational hours whilst minimising cost. The method is described in detail and compared to an existing design method prominent in the literature. Many applications of thermal energy, both in industrial and power sectors require medium temperatures ranging from 50°C to 70°C. These applications include industrial process heat, refrigeration, air-conditioning and power generation using organic fluids. The flat plate solar collectors are suitable for low temperature applications maximum up to 80oC In this paper efforts are being made to design a rooftop linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) system. This paper discusses the design of a rooftop LFR module that is suitable to meet the medium temperature requirements, easy to produce and install like flat plate collector.

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Retro rocket motor is used for stage separation of missiles and rockets. The retro motor hardware design generally carried out with metals. Retro motors are widely used to generate reverse thrust to impart a desired stabilized forced to separate spent and ongoing stages. The working principle of Retro motor is mainly Newton’s 2nd and 3rd laws. Retro motors are non-air breathing propulsion class i.e., then don’t require oxygen from the atmosphere for combustion of the fuel which is stored in the retro motor. Hot gases are generated during the firing of retro motor. The hot gases are at a temperature of ⁓2000K. The thermal analysis has been carried out to study the effect of hot gases on the retro rocket motor case. Transient thermal analysis has been carried out to predict the temperature distribution across the casing thickness for the retro rocket motor for an operating duration of 1.5 seconds. Transient heat conduction analysis based on the finite difference method is used applying the known boundary conditions. The motor casing experiences convective heat transfer due to the turbulent flow of the gases. The outer surface of the retro motor is assumed to be insulated for a conservative design. The temperature on the motor casing have been predicted using transient thermal analysis. Finite difference method was employed to study the temperature variation across the motor casing thickness. Based on the stability criteria, time intervals were calculated for Fo=0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and solved to determine the temperature variation across motor casing. Comparison of implicit and explicit-finite difference method, depending upon the stability criteria of Fourier number limitation- increment and decrement of time and spatial intervals is carried out.

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Distribution transformers are one of the most important elements of electrical power system. Transformer is a device which is continuously working In order to improve the efficiency of the transmission system. The present paper proposes continuous online monitoring of distribution transformer using IoT (Internet of Things). The internet of things connects the unconnected things. Previously the things that weren’t accessible have been made accessible because of it. The transformer is subjected to various faults such as Over-voltage, Over-current etc. All these faults are persistently monitored throughout by the Arduino which regularly sends the health information of the Transformer via the Wi-Fi module. This data can be accessed from anywhere in the world by an Android application. So the maintenance of the distribution transformer can be successfully implemented by the use of this project ideology. We are using Arduino controller and sensors to sense temperature, voltage and current from the output of the transformer. LCD display will show live voltage, current and temperature values. It will act as a Dashboard. IoT (Internet of Things) module is used for monitoring purpose from anywhere over internet. If there is a change in the values of predefined controller following operations will take place.

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Energy is the primary need for survival of all organisms in the universe. Everything what happens in the surrounding is the expression of flow of energy in one of the forms. But in this fast moving world, population is increasing day by day and the conventional energy sources are lessening. The extensive usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis over the few years. Therefore to overcome this problem we need to implement the techniques of optimal utilization of conventional sources for conservation of energy. Lots of energy is generated when vehicle passes over it. We can tap the energy generated and produce power by using the speed breaker as power generating unit. The kinetic energy of the moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical energy of the shaft through rack and pinion mechanism. Then, this mechanical energy will be converted to electrical energy using generator which will be saved with the use of a battery. The energy we save during the day light can be used in the night time for lighting street lights. Therefore, by using this arrangement we can save lot of energy which can be used for the fulfilment of future demands.

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In the wake of widespread fluoride occurrence in groundwater, the incidence of endemic fluorosis across the country is alarming. In the year 2009, the Central Ground Water Board and Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission reported 218 and 229 districts to be affected with high fluoride content in groundwater, particularly in the states of Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and some districts of Maharashtra with over 50% districts affected. This has become a critical hazard giving rise to both dental and skeletal fluorosis, such as mottled teeth (brown / yellow stained, discoloured and chalky white patches on teeth), sporadic pain on joints, osteosclerosis of pelvis and vertebral spine, crippling deformities, etc. The removal of excess fluoride is cumbersome and an expensive process. At present, methods being generally used to treat or remove fluorides include chemical precipitation with alum and lime, activated alumina, ion exchange process, electrolysis and reverse osmosis.

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The concept of Design and Fabrication Multi Operational Mechanical Machine is conceived for production based industries. Industries are basically meant for production of usually goods and services at low production cost. Today in this world every task have been made quicker and easier by making use of technology advancement but this advancement also demand huge investment and expenditure. Every industry tries to achieve high productivity maintaining the quality and standard of product at low average cost. We have developed conceptual model of machine which would be capable of performing different operation simultaneously at high efficiency. The machine proposed in this project can perform task like Drilling, Cutting and Grinding at one work station. It also reduces the cost of installing three different machine perform each task and reduces the movement of work and operator. It will also improve the efficiency and reduce cost of project.

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In the field of data hiding, many people have proposed feasible solutions. However, considering the visual quality and embedding rate of images, more improvements are needed. In this paper, histogram shift is used to realize data hiding of JPEG images. The secret message bits are embedded in the high-frequency coefficients to ensure a higher embedding rate, and the high-frequency coefficients are obtained by histogram distribution. The optimal threshold is used to select a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficient sub-block that is suitable to embed the secret message, and further improve the visual quality of the target image. Experiments show that our solution is significantly better than the most advanced technology in terms of embedding rate and visual quality.

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Nowadays, a composite material is used as replacement of the conventional materials in Automobile industries because of high strength to light weight properties, which reduces the overall vehicle weight without compromising the strength and reliability. Composite materials with higher specific stiffness, low weight, high damping capacity have greater torque capacity than conventional drive shaft. The advanced composite materials such as carbon and glass with epoxy resin are widely used because of their high specific strength and high specific modulus. The aim of this work is to replace the conventional steel driveshaft of automobiles with an appropriate composite driveshaft. Study also includes the preparation of composite shaft in single piece for overall weight reduction, whereas the conventional drive shafts are made in two pieces for reducing the bending natural frequency. In this approach, optimum designed drive shaft finite element model will be prepared in finite element commercial software ANSYS. The static, free vibration and Tensional buckling analysis will be done which are very much essential for rotating elements like drive shafts. Experiment also conducted on instrument to measure the mechanical properties of composite shaft.

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High strength and high performance concretes square measure being wide used today everywhere the planet .In developed countries, use of high strength concrete in structures these days has resulted in each technical and economic benefits. In high strength concrete, it is necessary to scale back the water-cement quantitative relation and that normally will increase the cement content. To beat low workability drawback, totally different varieties of pozzolanic mineral admixtures and super softener square measure used to bring home the bacon the specified workability. At identical time, scarceness of concrete constituents and their value square measure increasing day by day stern the promotion of utilization of appropriate waste materials as alternatives. Notably, substitute to traditional sand in concrete square measure given prime importance due to many social, environmental, economic and budget orienting issues. The present work deals with the event of quarry dirt concrete with total replacement of conventional sand with quarry dirt and also the study is formed with systematic approach with sequential steps.

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The deterioration of the mechanical properties of yield strength and modulus of elasticity is considered as the primary element affecting the performance of steel structures under fire. In this study, hot-rolled S220 and S420 reinforcement steel rebars were subjected to high temperatures to investigate the fire performance of these materials. It is aimed to determine the remaining mechanical properties of steel rebars after elevated temperatures. Steels were subjected to 20, 100, 200, 300, 500, 800 and 950 ∘C temperatures for 3 hours and tensile tests were carried out. Effect of temperature on mechanical behavior of S220 and S420 were determined. All mechanical properties were reduced due to the temperature increase of the steel rebars. It is seen that mechanical properties of S420 steel was influenced more than S220 steel at elevated temperatures.

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Civil Engineering sector is the second largest contributor for the Indias GDP. It is expanding at a faster phase due to large scale infrastructure works. The rapid development in the sector has led to exploitation of natural materials which are needed for the inevitable part of construction sector - Concrete. Concrete is consuming huge quantity of coarse aggregate which is depleting the natural resource. It is the call of the day to find the alternative for coarse aggregate as the same sourse used as raw material in the production of M-sand which is substitute for river sand. Because of great demand, pollution and high energy consumption due to crushing of natural stone there is need to find alternative. This research is focusing on one such natural alternative which is available in excess in the Western and Eastern Ghats of the sub-continent – Laterite. Laterite is a natural rock which is generally cut into blocks to be used as construction material. From studies it is evident that, by extraction of these stones, there is positive impact on the environment, hence it is eco-friendly. As one ton cement production emits almost the same amount of carbon di oxide into the atmosphere, lots of research has been carried out to obtain optimum replacement to cement. By studies, 25% of cement has been replaced by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) in the convention Mix itself. Laterite fines are replaced to conventional coarse aggregate at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30 % by weight and its effects on the properties of concrete are depicted in this research. It is any attempt to find a natural alternative coarse aggregate for the sustainable development.

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In modern era every human being is unaware of the electricity bills and the electricity consumption. In order to create awareness of the electricity consumption here is the project which deals with the fundamental method of not wasting much of the electricity. Basically in every electricity bill there will be three slabs on which the net amount of the electricity bill is formulated. There will be fixed amount for each slab hence three fixed amount for corresponding three slabs. For the first slab the cost of each unit will be less as the utililisation of the current units crosses the first slab then the corresponding cost of each unit for the second slab will be little more than the first slab and hence the third slab will have the higher cost for every unit than the second slab. So once after the electric meter crosses the first slab readings by using GSM modem it will be helpful to send the message to authorized owner saying that the first slab has been crossed so unutilized lights, fans or any other electrical equipments which are turned on can be switched off so that unutilized electricity which is running throughout the time can be saved and hence one can lead to the better future of the world by saving energy and money.

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Most of the countries are in the race of Development. India is also in the same race. In the Development of India, road transportation contributing the lion’s share. In India among the three transportation systems, Road transportation is mostly used transportation system. This is the reason behind increased number of vehicles in last recent years. With the number of vehicles, accidents also increased. The main reason behind this accident is Road condition. So it is necessary to maintain roads in order to save the lives. Proposed system will monitor the road condition and will detect the potholes. The detected pothole information will be provided to the driver and also to the government. So that the driver can take a preventive action to avoid pothole. And government will use this information for the maintenance of road condition.

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The paper centres around Mechanical Braking System which utilises magnetic power to stop the rotating wheel. Mechanical braking system or Magnetic Braking system is the economic braking system which guarantee to last long as compared to other braking system due to its contact less braking. This is also called contactless braking. Majority of braking system are based on principle of dissipation of kinetic energy to heat energy. This method has major drawback which must be replaced with a more reliable braking system. Mechanical braking system is quick response, does not heat up and maintenance free. Magnetic field induced eddy current which opposes the cause of its generation is the basic principle of this braking system. This project can also be named as Eddy- Current Braking System.

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Cement concrete can be an advanced mixture of varied materials. Behavior of concrete depends on its mix proportions and constituents once it is subjected to elevated temperatures. Principal effects as a result of elevated temperatures area unit loss in compressive strength, loss in weight or mass, modification in color and sprawl of concrete. The experimental results of ancient concrete and high strength concrete subjected elevated temperatures at 100°C, 300°C, 600°C, and 900°C and completely different cooling regimes viz. air cooling, water quenching on completely different grade of concrete area unit according during this paper.

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This paper presents a study that investigates the impact of various face exposures: totally and partly on the behavior of traditional strength concrete (RC) concrete beams once exposed to fireplace. Six concrete beams of traditional strength were tested in flexure once one hour normal fireplace exposure, followed by a typical cooling section. The results show that cooling section is important in achieving most temperature in RC beams. The various face exposures and concrete strengths considerably have an effect on the load initially cracking, serviceableness deflection and failure altered once fireplace exposure.

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Background: In spite of numerous government intervention programs to bring about changes in the health care delivery system throughout India, still there are numerous challenges that need to be overcome as many people still do not have access to primary health care services to cater for their health challenges, especially the slum dwellers, who are largely low income earners. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during Jan 2019- May 2019 among 200 persons residing in Govindpuri slum area of South Delhi. A structured questionnaire comprising of both open and closed ended questions was used as a tool for data collection and was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel and valid inferences were drawn. Results: 91% of the respondents claimed that the distance from their homes to health care facilities was either not trekkable or very far which denotes lack of Accessibility. 97% of the respondents earn less than Rs.15, 000 monthly, out of which 91% requires a means of transport to health care facilities, thus it can be said that health care services are relatively unaffordable to them. Only 9% of the respondents claimed the distance between their homes and the health care facilities was trekkable, which denotes lack of Availability of Health care facilities in the area. Conclusions: The study revealed that Govindpuri slum area is lacking the Accessibility, Affordability and Availability of healthcare services like it is the case in other slum areas, and so there is the urgent need for government intervention to improve health care delivery in slum areas.

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The Paper deals with the vibrational study of the exhaust system with the concept of CAE. The vibrations of exhaust system are due to the engine excitation, braking, and mainly due to the road excitation. The modal analysis is carried out to find the natural frequencies and the mode shapes. & the behaviour of the mode shapes is also studied. The shell and solid elements are used to get better results in modal frequency domain. Further frequency response is carried out by this vibration amplitude of exhaust system (displacement vs frequency graph) were obtained, for different positions on the exhaust system. The exhaust system is modelled using Catia, hypermesh for discretise and Abaqus as solver. The main methodology taken here to find the maximum amplitude for various frequencies at different positions on Exhaust system. After identification of the max displacement (amplitude) the mode shapes were studied/analysed to identify better hanger location.

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells operate at comparatively low temperatures (<80ºC or <175ºF), offer quick start-up times, and require only hydrogen and oxygen to operate. PEM systems provide significant technical and cost advantages compared to competing solutions. Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are the key components in fuel cell system. The researchers have focused to reach the proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity, low electronic conductivity, low permeability to fuel, low electro osmotic drag coefficient, good chemical/thermal stability, good mechanical properties and low cost. These are classified into the “iron triangle” of performance, durability, and cost. Current PEMFC technology is based on expensive perflourinated proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) that operate effectively only under fully hydrated conditions. In requirement of the energy generation, small steps have been attempted by means of synthesizing the proton exchange membranes. Poly vinylalcohol and ZnO mixed matrix membranes were prepared in laboratory and measured for fuel cell applications.

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The Density Based Signal Management in traffic system is to clarify traffic congestion problem which is a big problem in many various modern cities, and many population face this problem. For that, In our project we designed the framework for dynamic traffic light control system, and the automatic traffic light control system, developed the model with codes to help build the system. Generally, each traffic light on Smart Signal System an intersection is assigned set signal time. This is possible to propose dynamically time-based coordination schemes where a green signal time of the traffic lights is assigned base on the present conditions of vehicle density in that traffic.

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