Upcoming wireless systems can look large variety of users. This needs an efficient allocation of the on the market time-frequency resources, this is often advanced in ancient OFDM system. Hence, improvement of OFDM, by filtering, become mandatory .So, we have a tendency to apply numerous modulation approach, like FBMC. The prime disadvantage of FBMC systems is high PAPR. Once a symbol is passed by a high PAPR system, it gains high distortion because of non-linear power amplifier. To overcome this drawback of PAPR is significant within the realization of FBMC systems. There are numerous techniques used for the reduction of PAPR in OFDM systems. During this article, we applied some techniques in OFDM are enforced on FBMC systems .The simulation results of the varied approaches are displayed with comparison.

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Like black holes, wormholes arise as valid solutions to the equations of Albert Einsteins General Theory of Relativity, and, like black holes, the phrase was coined (in 1957) by the American physicist John Wheeler. Also like black holes, they have never been observed directly, but they crop up so readily in theory that some physicists are encouraged to think that real counterparts may eventually be found or fabricated. The main aim of this paper is to give an idea about wormholes.

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Innovation and technology has been made by a person yet now the innovation is building up our future. A large portion of the advancements completed by innovation which has been gainful for us and later on, it will be progressively useful. The features of this examination incorporates research examination of smartphone and also health related issues. The fundamental key focuses talked about in the exploration paper are "Dr.H.AI", "Solar mobiles". Future technology which will be helpful for next generation. This paper presented with the vision of positive future and new innovations.

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Investigating nucleation and recrystallization in high purity aluminium foil during the different heating up rates of annealing, it generally analysed the evolution of microstructure and texture. The improvement of the recrystallization surface in business immaculateness Al containing extensive aluminium cadmium (Alcd) hastens was researched to decide the reliance on the level of disfigurement and recrystallization temperature by methods for X-ray macro texture examination. The recrystallization surfaces create from the challenge between the Cube-introduction, and haphazardly situated grains because of molecule animated nucleation. The development of these introductions is examined regarding their nucleation and ensuing development conduct. Specific consideration is centered around the impact of the procedure parameters, for example strain, temperature and warming rate, on the proportion between the individual introductions in the recrystallization surfaces. The majority of the transformation structural in materials occurs with the help of nucleation and growth this is a heterogeneous transformation that that was first identified by Gibbs, is complete in regions of the structure. With these transformed regions separated with sharp interface from the other untransformed regions. Recrystallization, is such a transformation the recrystallization you can observe that high angle grain boundaries. These homogeneous reactions which occurs in the material and they are delocalised in these initially the transformation was incomplete. You can able to observe two stages that is the first one is nucleation and second one is growth.

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The main focus of this paper is to study and investigate the cyclic emissions and pollutant formation in a typical SI engine. The main ingredient of pollutants formation in a typical SI engine is Nitric Oxide (NO) and nitrogen oxide (NO2) collectively known as NOx. The other components are carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC). The following paper is based on the experiments performed on an optical single cylinder SI research engine under different conditions. High - speed natural light photography is done to maintain records of in cylinder pressure, temperature and other parameters of the combustion chamber. The experiments included the investigation of the effect of various engine parameters such as ignition timing and mixture air-fuel equivalence ratio on knocking combustion and pollutant formation. The investigations are done to keep a check on the formation of pollutants from the gasoline engines which affects the environment adversely. As a result of the investigation, at stoichiometric conditions, by advancing spark timing from MBT to knock intensity equal to 6 bar, instantaneous NO and HC emissions are increased up to 60% as compared to the MBT operating conditions. A further increase of knock intensity at the limits of pre-ignition region was observed to significantly drop NO emissions. It was found that when knocking combustion occurs at lean conditions, NO emissions are increased.

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The hilly areas of North East India contains seismic activities. Due to such hilly areas building are required to be constructed on sloping ground due to lack of plain ground. The buildings are irregularly situated on hilly slopes in earthquake areas therefore many damages occurs when earthquake arives, this may cause a lot of human disaster and also affect the economic growth of these areas... In this paper I analyzed using Staad.Pro Software comparison between sloping ground, with different slope and plain ground building as per IS 1893-2000. The dynamic analysis, Axial forces, Bending moment in X and Y direction and Twisting moment in Z direction in columns of buildings are analyzed with different configurations of sloping ground.

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Civil Engineering is all about designing Structures and make them able to resist the external loading under critical conditions. Structural designing is the main field with which civil engineers deal to fulfil some conditions of the structure which include durability and serviceability of the structure. To fulfil such conditions technology has reached at high level to get best results as much as possible. In civil Engineering STAAD Pro and ETABS are playing a major role to make best approach for complex designs and make complex problems easy to solve within stipulated period of time. This research paper is the short conclusion of project which is completed by the use of technologies such as STAAD Pro and ETABS. A multi-storied building has been analysed and designed with same loading on both the softwares to check the variation in output results. This work makes it clear about the results achieved on both the software’s. To perform daunting task, it takes lot of time and effort if done manually. So, to save time and to make complex problems simple to solve there is only one solution that is the use of digital technologies. It is also observed which software depicts results in detail. The user interface of both the software’s is simple but is somewhat detailed in ETABS.

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Geneva mechanism is a one type of indexing mechanism, where the continuous motion is converted into stepwise circular motion. Belt conveyor system is a mechanical system used for to carry material from one place to another place, it is works as material handling equipment. The purpose of this project to increase the dwell time or delay time of belt conveyor which necessary during various process like bottle filling, box packaging, material filling in the boxes.

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MIMO is a technique that utilizes multiple antennas at transmitter end or in receiver finish to maximize the output, power and range of wireless system .In massive MIMO Base Station is outfitted with orders of magnitude a lot of antennas have shown over ten times spectral efficiency increase over MIMO with easier signal process algorithms. large MIMO helps to boost capability, spectral and energy efficiency and it will be designed by exploitation less price and low power elements. Even though its potential edges, this paper additionally precis some confronts faced by massive MIMO like antenna spatial correlation and mutual coupling and additionally non-linear hardware mutilations .These challenges encountered in massive MIMO reveal new issues that require advance investigation.

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Crack creation and progression under tensile stress is a main weakness of concrete. These cracks also make concrete susceptible to deleterious environment due to ingress of unsafe compounds. Crack healing in concrete can be cooperative in mitigation of development and propagation of cracks in concrete. This paper presents the process of crack healing phenomenon in concrete by microbial activity of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. Bacteria were introduced in concrete by direct incorporation and through light expanded clay aggregate (clay pebbles). Specimens were made for each mix to quantify crack healing and to compare changes in compressive strength of concrete. Results showed that concrete with clay pebbles incorporated of bacteria gives better, effective but uneconomical result than with direct incorporation of bacteria in concrete and also shows that the use of bacteria can boost the strength and durability properties of concrete.

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In this modern era of globalization India is growing rapidly. In view of multiplicity of laws, their enforcement and standards setting various implementing agencies are detrimental to the growth of the nascent food processing industry and also they are not conducive to effective fixation of food standards and their enforcement. Government of India, held extensive deliberations and approved the proposed integrated food laws with certain modifications. The new integrated comprehensive central legislation Food Safety and Standards Act 2006 (34 of 2006) and Regulations 2011 is an act enacted by Government of India to keep up with the changing needs / requirements of time and to consolidate the laws relating to food with the purpose to establish the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India with head office at Delhi. The Act has been a single statutory body for food laws, standards setting and enforcement. It has intention of providing safe, hygienic and wholesome food for the citizens of the country. The act has been introduced to establish a single reference point for all matters relating to food safety and standards by moving from multilevel departmental control to a single line of command. Aim of this paper is to increase awareness of new act for consumers, traders, manufacturers, investors, food business operators, stakeholders, sellers and students. This paper also throws light on multiplicity of food laws, new food regulatory mechanism in our country and new challenges for the implementation of this new integrated food act FSSA 2006.

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The rapid growth of technology has changed many things around us. If we talk about network a few years back it was just used for making the broad permanent network for sharing the resources and in communication and now we can make the network for any particular purpose. Internet of Things (IoT) system of many numbers of objects connected and it occurs on the digital environment. The major goal of the IoT is to allow the things or object to be linked anytime and at any location with using any digital device. Any wireless-based network technologies are used in the IoT system which is maybe wireless sensor technology or Mobile ad-hoc technology. These technologies are based on basically based on sensing concepts of sensors. Creation of IoT systems allows which may be based wireless or maybe IT-based IoT system. In the IoT System, Security and attacks have become major challenges due to network-based IoT system. In this survey paper discusses attacks in IoT system; categorize attacks and finding the most well-known attacks.

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The main objective is to obtain the most effective structure to resist the lateral loads and to identify the most vulnerable building among the model considered for seismic action. This report deals with the efficiency of concrete structures with shear wall and without shear wall with respect to the base shear, storey displacement, storey shear storey drift, stiffness and time period. Reference from the base model, flat slab models without shear wall are studied and compared with shear wall for all the models for seismic. The effects of shear wall on behavior of concrete structures are summarized using the obtained results. Based on the results and responses from earthquake loads applied, conclusions are made.

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Bridge construction today has achieved a worldwide level of importance. Bridges are the key elements in any road network and use of pre-stress girder type bridges gaining popularity in bridge engineering fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency. I & T-beam bridges are one of the most commonly used types of bridge and it is necessary to constantly study, update analysis techniques and design methodology. Structurally they are simple to construct. Hence they are preferred over other types of bridges when it comes to connecting between short distances. The report examines in detail the application of segmental precast Design of Post Tensioned and Prestressed Concrete Box Girder-Slab for a Bridge Deck in achieving long spans in bridge structures. Numerous examples from throughout the world indicate that such construction can provide an effective means of achieving long span in the range of 100 to 500 ft. Used segmental pre-cast bridge structure member is manufactured in a number of short units which during erection are joined together, end to end, and post-tensioned to form the completed superstructure. Adherence to these simple rules will not prevent all damage in moderate or large earthquakes, but life threatening collapses should be prevented, and damage limited to repairable proportions. Considering the time variant, I have been focused on a box girder of span 40 meters and analyzing it with respect to pre-tensioning and post-tensioning and incorporating the graphs for the various loads and deflections. In this case designing is done using STAAD- Pro software. Software will be used for 3D design model of 40m span Box Girder-Slab for a Bridge Deck & will be tested in order to study its behaviour during the construction process and under permanent loads. Shear force, Bending moment, axial force, base shear, are studied with accordance to earthquake response effects. The analysis results were compared with analytical predictions obtained by means of a prototype model developed for the nonlinear and time-dependent analysis of segmental erected, reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Generally good agreement was obtained, showing the adequacy of the model to reproduce the structural design of the different elements in the post-tensioned pre-stressed bridge structure.

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This paper explains the methods and techniques of 5S and Process Mapping used to increase the efficiency of all processes in the company. Special stress are given to the implementation of 5S system and elimination of losses within the company. It is determined that introducing the 5S rules bring the changes within the company, for example: process improvement by costs reduction, reduce material movement and reduce searching time. The 5S methodology allows to analyze the processes running on the workplace and establishment of 5S sustaining well organized, clean, high effective and high quality workplace. The necessity for the implementation of ‘5S’ within the organization came into existence because of unorganized work-stations, confining working environment and the excessive unnecessary wastes in the company. The successive implementation of "5S" transformed organization drastically, right from the working conditions of employees to the employees work satisfaction. While Process Mapping act as a Catalyst in the 5S technique which helps to carry out the technique and maintain it the industry. Process mapping is creating work flow diagram with the aim of gaining clear understanding of how the process works in the industry with minimum movement of the material from one process to another.

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The analysis of Portland Cement in concrete is underneath important evaluate because of excessive amount in carbon dioxide gas released to the surroundings at some point of the production of cement. In current years, tries to increase the use of fly ash to partly replace the analysis of Portland cement in concrete are gathering momentum. Most of this by-product fabric is currently dumped in landfills, creating a hazard to the environment. Polymer material is a "new" cloth that does not need the presence of Portland cement as a binder. Instead, the supply of materials inclusive of fly ash, that are rich in Silicon (Si) and Aluminium (Al), are activated via alkaline beverages to produce the binder. Hence concrete and not using a Portland cement. This thesis reviews the information of improvement of the process of creating fly ash-based Polymer material. Fresh fly ash-based completely Polymer material has been capable of stay plausible up to at least120 mins without any sign of putting and without any degradation inside the compressive power. Providing a relaxation period for clean concrete after casting in advance than the start of curing as tons as 5 days improved the compressive energy of hardened concrete. The modulus of elasticity, the Poissons ratio, and the oblique tensile energy, are similar to the ones of everyday Portland cement concrete.

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Vibrations are found almost everywhere in rotating machines. Machines life is lessened due to unbalancing which is further the cause of machine vibration and unbalanced rotor that generates more vibrations and excessive force. Some mechanical issues like mass unbalance, coupling misalignment, mechanical loosening etc. are caused by the vibrations in rotating machine and it’s been proven that 85% of these problems of moving machine are resolved by balancing and alignment and they reduce the life of machine component.

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In a power system, the source currents are affected by the harmonics, which are introduced due to non-linearity or unbalance of loads. To mitigate these harmonics custom power devices can be used. D-STATCOM act as a shunt active power line conditioner for power quality improvements such as current harmonics, reactive power compensation and power factor improvement. In this project, the THD of the system is observed with a D-STATCOM with PI controller and without any compensators. The effect of replacing DC link by a Photo voltaic (PV) system is to be observed. In this project, conventional PI controller is replaced by a fuzzy logic controller and the THD of the system is observed with and without PV system. The performance of these controllers is compared, and suitable controller is proposed to increase power quality of system when renewable energy sources are introduced into the system. The whole work is to be performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

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An exceedingly advanced center discrete Remez part of the Parks-McClellan (PM) channel alongside wavelet type sym6 channel been proposed in the proposition. As accessible techniques for sound separating are as of now an accomplishment and works very great however some time it is requires to have channel profoundly goals channels which have high SNR, low BER and low MSE for any info signal. The main issue with accessible work is that its exhibition relies upon the sign sort a few channels are great with sound sign some are great with high recurrence signals. Proposed works plans to build up a general channel which can channel any sort of info signal. A blend of PM channel of request 40 and 6 recurrence edges in going before of Wavelet sym6 sort of request 40 have been create and tried with two distinctive test situation and it is been seen that this particular mix gives exceptionally low MSE as contrast with accessible channels. Because of numerous causes about 35% of human s hearing framework gets influenced some understand that there framework hearing framework is not right and some never get understand that their framework not working admirably, proposed work expects to build up a mix of enhancer and channels that different the frequencies great and after that pass it to human ear, accessible hearing machine are simply intensifiers which enhances the whatever sign are coming proposed configuration will be equipped for intensification alongside commotion sifting.

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A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and its made gas-tight by the means of using piston rings. The work of the piston is to transforms the energy of the expanding gasses into mechanical energy. The piston rides in the cylinder liner or sleeve. Pistons are commonly made of aluminium or cast iron alloys. The main objective in this paper to review on design evaluation and Optimization of Piston parameters by using finite element method is to achieve suitable design for Piston. That can be achieved by changing such design parameters in the existing design. So firstly in this proper Finite Element Model issued to develop the piston using CAD software solid works. Then static analysis is done to determine the von Misses stress, shear stress, elastic strain, total deformation in the present design by the means of the analysis software Ansys the first part of the study, the static loads acting on the connecting rod, after that the work is carried out for safe design. Based on the observations of the static FEA and the load analysis results, the load for the optimization study was selected. The results were also used to determine of various stress and the fatigue model to be used for analyzing the fatigue strength. Outputs of the fatigue analysis of include fatigue life, damage, stress biaxiality indication. Then results of present model in ANSYS are compared with the results of existing design.

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The deficiency of reactive power especially at load buses result in poor voltage profile in these load buses which do not respond in the same measure owing to their individual reactive power need, adequacy of network reactive supply and their proximity to an adequate reactive source. The response of load buses to reactive power variation can be determines from various static methods suchas voltage drop index (VDI) or voltage-reactive power (V-Q) sensitivity analysis whose result provide a means to determine the choice location for reactive power compensation for voltage improvement and stability. This study using the Nigerian 330kV network determined the VDI of the networks load buses which was ranked based on the total VDI (TVDI). The work is an extension to the basic investigation for the optimal location of reactive power compensators within the Nigerian 330kV of 41 buses. In this case study, load bus active power is varied from a base case through five steps of 10% increments for which nodal voltages were determined. Using the result, TVDI for the load buses were computed and ranked with Yola, Omotosho and Maiduguri as the top three. Aided with this result, load flow analyses were executed for the individual and simultaneous shunt compensation at these buses and V-Q sensitivity analysis performed to ascertain how nodal weakness shifts between load bus following compensation. Each of the compensated cases when compared with the base case bus load flow result showed significant improvement in nodal voltage magnitude which justified the compensation but it did not eliminate bus voltage violation in the other previously violated buses. Following optimum nodal reactive compensation, the result from V-Q analysis shows that compensating a load bus of higher total voltage drop index shifts the bus participating in voltage instability to the next ranked load bus based on the TVDI. The deduction here is that independent shunt compensation for a higher ranked bus with respect to the bus participation factor or total voltage drop index shifts the responsibility of voltage instability to the next ranked load bus while compensating a lower ranked bus keeps the bus participation factor profile unchanged.

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Helical gears have been used for a wide range of engineering and technological applications especially in automobiles, ship building, aircraft and marine applications. The rapid increasing demand for high speed ratio, highly efficient cum light weight engines, with quite power transmission have led to the need for optimization of helical gears being used till today. For optimization of any engineering design initially problem function is formulated then variable parameters are decided which would minimize or maximize the objective function so as to give an optimal system performance. Today’s competitive market required to optimize Weight and Volume of the gear design. Weight and Volume optimization of gear pairs is difficult to solve because it includes various objectives and large number of variables. Therefore, to solve such difficulty robust optimization technique will be useful to get optimal solution. Genetic algorithm will be useful to solve such difficulty using MATLAB. In this work a helical gear pair design optimization problem is solved. It is a multi-variable, complex non-linear problem with derived objective function and constraints. The objective is to minimize the volume of the gear. The design parameters considered are module, face width, number of teeth on drive and driven and helix angle. Results indicate that GA algorithm gives the best results for all design variables and objective function in helical gear design.

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Globalization around the globe has prompted the quantity of unconstrained advances. The most well-known is IOT. This is likewise called as man-made brainpower. Point of this work is to plan and build up a framework which plays out the errands of estimation of indispensable parameters, for example, temperature, circulatory strain and pulse. The deliberate qualities are persistently refreshed on thingspeak server utilizing Wi-Fi module,Intel Edison and if there should be an occurrence of variations from the norm the data is passed on to the concerned specialist through SMS utilizing GSM module. An alarm call is additionally started to the specialist following a few minutes. The framework additionally has an inbuilt pill tracker unit which alarms the patient at perfect time to take the endorsed tablet it likewise cautions the patient if there should arise an occurrence of wrong tablet choice. At the same time the message with respect to wrong tablet choice is sent to the overseer. The framework is additionally customized to quantify and arrange the idea of circulatory strain. The presentation of the framework concerning the estimation of circulatory strain, pulse and temperature is assessed under the supervision of a certified doctor, the readings recorded by the framework are contrasted and the perceptions recorded by the doctor utilizing regular strategies. The use of the framework as pill tracker is contemplated by thinking about a patient with different illnesses.

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A vast evolution on renewable energy resources are going on, particularly on solar energy. It is one of the better option for alleviate the poverty in developing countries, where majority of people do not have access to modern forms of energy. Due to their inherent decentralized nature of renewable energy resources, they can large contribute to resolve the many energy problems. Amid of various techniques and technologies for the exploitation of solar energy, the Photovoltaic conversion is the one which can directly produce electricity, while the thermal collectors provide heating energies. These two systems are independent and different, and are not compatible. Individually PV panels can generate electricity by converting the incident solar radiation. However, when the incident solar radiation is more, temperature of the panel also rises which lowers the performance of the PV panel. By hybridizing the thermal collectors with PV panel one can reduce the temperature of the panel and that heat can transferred to thermal collectors. Thereby one can enhance the panel performance and store the energy in thermal collector for later usage. This hybrid solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) offers an interesting option now because the absorbed solar radiation is converted into electric energy and heat simultaneously. The objective of the work is to study theoretically and experimentally the hybrid (PV/T) Collector. To conduct the theoretical analysis a mathematical model is used to study the enhanced panel performance and collector as well. Direct absorption type collector is arranged beneath the panel to extract heat from the photovoltaic module. By hybridizing, PV module efficiency is raised to 23.12% and efficiency of thermal collector beneath the module is reached to 11.29%.

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Concrete is a widely used in civil engineering structural material. Fine aggregate is one of the most important materials in concrete. Natural river sand is the most commonly used for the fine aggregate but in this proposal we replace the river sand by M-sand with different percentages and cement is the binding material uses of the cement is more the cost of the construction also more so we replace the cement by partially with RHA. In this proposal we prepared with normal strength of the concrete of M20 grade concrete with partially and fully replacement of cement and sand with percentages of 15% of RHA and 25%,50%,75%,and 100% by M –sand respectively.

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