The objective of this paper is to evaluate suitable welding condition for welding of dissimilar metal and check their Mechanical properties. They provide good combination of mechanical properties like strength, corrosion resistance with lower cost. The results indicate the optimum value of current and voltage which will be applied to developed good welded joint and it was observed that SMA welded dissimilar metal joints have better physical properties than MIG welded joints.

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The melting behavior of a paraffin wax (A Phase Changing Material) in different geometries and configurations has been analyzed. The paraffin wax has been selected for the phase changing material. The various geometries are tapered vessel with hot wall outside, hemisphere section with hot wall outside and cylinder with hot wall outside. A 3-dimentional analysis of each geometry based on pressure a CFD analysis of model has been created in Fluent for simulating the Melting process. The most initial step in FEA is Pre-processing which is used to build and analyze a fluid flow model. It consists building of the models and then applying the mesh and entering the boundary conditions. Another software is CATIA, it is a mechanical design software which is used to create 3D modelling as it helps a designer to build and then mesh a model for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and various scientific applications. FLUENT is a computer program for fluid flow modeling and transfer of heat in various types of complex geometries. It provides complete flexibility of meshing, including the ability of solving fluid flow problems using structured otherwise unstructured meshes those can be generated about complex geometries. The main aim of this study is to optimize the melting rate by changing the geometry of the object. Finally, the results calculated have been discussed in detail.

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The objective of this paper is to prepare defect free welding joint of dissimilar metal after welding under suitable condition and check the welded joint with different NDT processes. There has been an increasing demand for Nondestructive Testing (NDT) and Structural Health monitoring techniques to continuously monitor during all processes of a structure to prevent catastrophic failure and reduce maintenance costs. NDT methods aim to detect possible defects and characterize them (location and dimensions) so that their severity can be assessed, and the mechanical integrity of the welded components guaranteed. Experimental investigations confirm the challenges and significant shortcomings in the inspection of future industrial components where such microstructures are desirable for their mechanical properties.

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Waste foundry sand is major disposable item of metal casting industries. Provide a new source for construction functions. The introduction of foundry sand as fine aggregates replacement materials in concrete looks to achieve success recently. The use of foundry sand as a substitute for fine aggregates in concrete mix is one option that can foundry sand disposal problem. Experimental investigations were performed to study the strength properties of M-25 grade of concrete mix, with partially replaced sand with waste foundry sand (WFS). Compression test & flexural strength test to evaluate the strength properties of concrete at the age of 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that there were optimum strength properties at 25% replacement of fine aggregate with WFS for M-25 grade of concrete.

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Now a days people stared adapting to the new change in the technologies or updated technologies with the increased need in our day-to-day lives. Currently, adoption of blockchain technology is being globally felt as its presence and capabilities are said to change the way a person perceives the internet. Blockchain technology is becoming a part of financial institutions around the world, but what would be its adoption in India and how would such technology benefit the Indian economy, remains of uttermost curiosity. Almost each work process is going under the process of digitization and hence more generate to threat. In successfully securing data & information and to protect and secure it from further change technology named as “Block Chain” emerges in 2009. Although it is introduced in early 90s but rarely used back then. Block Chain is a specified series of block like structure in which every block stores some data and information. Every block in a block chain is linked to his earlier block cryptography using hashing. Each block has some very sensitive information which need not to be changed such as transaction data or land ownership information. The main purpose of Block Chain is to make sure that a data once stored in a block cannot be changed and if someone tries to change the data inside a block results in construction of a new block.

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This paper embodies the design methodology for the steering system for an All-Terrain Vehicle. The steering system has the primary function of maneuvering the vehicle in the desired direction. The research paper gives an essential procedure to design the system for effective functionality. Also, the steering system was tested under different geographical terrains. The different software such as were used to ensure precise dimensions & accurate results. The vehicle with the above-mentioned system was made to participate in SAE BAJA INDIA 2019. The actual results validated by comparing with theoretical values obtained. The design procedure started with steering angle calculations. The Rack & pinion gears were designed. Theoretical values were validated with the help of Lotus Shark software. The designed system was modeled using CAD software. Structural analysis was done to check whether the designed components will sustain critical loads. All obtained results were enlisted in this paper.

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Transportation is the basic need of daily life due to which all the resources and the services are provided easily and on a systematic way. One of the most considerable example of the transportation is the train. People used to refer the train as a regular transport and travel option. In this work we are working on the suspension system of the train bogies so that travelling could become smoother and more comfortable without any disturbance of roughness and discomfort. To the structural engineer, damping means changes in overall stress within a structure subject to shock and vibration, with frequent arguments whether a structure will have "2%, 3%, 4%, but not more than 5%" structural damping. On the other hand, mechanical engineers do not necessarily view damping as a benevolent feature, since machines, by definition, are supposed to transmit forces and motions efficiently, without energy losses. Thus the need for damping in a machine often signifies that an engineering design error has been made. A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train (or other vehicle) rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience inertia. This can cause packages to slide about or seated passengers to feel squashed by the outboard armrest due to its centripetal force, and standing passengers to lose their balance. Tilting trains are designed to counteract this discomfort. In a curve to the left, the train tilts to the left to compensate for the g-force push to the right, and vice versa. The train may be constructed such that inertial forces cause the tilting (passive tilt), or it may have a computer-controlled power mechanism (active tilt).

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Mobile computing of Electronic Commerce is useful in ionic framework (iOS, Android) platforms (M-Commerce). Mobile computing, advanced features are useful for all online sales transactions, as they use wireless electronic devices such as cell phones, hand-held computers, laptops or personal computers. Wireless computer is interactive for all type of communicators. They conduct merchandise purchases. Cash exchange on frameworks will refer all cash transactions. It is an environmental background to all websites. Another important factor in designing m-commerce applications is for identifying their users requirements. Major two classifications are directory & transaction-oriented, which are based on functionality provided by their users. This paper gives more suggestions on approaches, performed by electronic commerce platforms in mobiles, m-commerce services, interactions in u-commerce. The consumers, providers are waiting for the advanced opportunities in e-commerce. In the paper, we mention the difference between electronic & cloud computing and their more advanced features. Cloud-based structure are used for developing effective electronic commerce to solve their problems.

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Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is one on the most common and widely symmetric block cipher algorithm used in worldwide. It is extremely difficult to hackers to get the real data when encrypting by AES algorithm. During the recent times, with the tremendous growth of digital data communication over computer network, information content security becomes a prime concern. Internet itself allows many security threats and those can easily corrupt the transferred data over network. The AES algorithm provides higher security with higher encryption speed and throughput but still modifications are going on to improve its performance. In this paper we survey on AES encryption techniques on different parameters and different platform for various applications.

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The objective of present study is to develop site-specific controlled release drug delivery system of valsartan for the treatment of hypertension. Floating microspheres of valsartan were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The drug was encapsulated with Ethyl cellulose and hydroxy methyl cellulose in various combinations of polymers ratios. The prepared microspheres are subjected to evaluate such as particle size, % buoyancy, in-vitro release and stability studies. From the results of studies shows that formulation F5 was found to be satisfactory in terms of excellent micrometric properties, yield of microsphere (88.12%), incorporation efficiency (91.01%), buoyancy (88.68%) and highest in-vitro drug release of 93.23% in a controlled manner with constant fashion over extended period of time for 12 hrs. Furthermore it was observed that concentration of ethyl cellulose affected all the evaluation parameter significantly. The present work is an attempt made to provide an alternative drug delivery system for better treatment of hypertension using Valsartan as a model drug in the form of microspheres using biocompatible polymers which will overcome the inherent drawback of existing dosage form.

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On this Earths landmass wheeled and tracked vehicles exists. But people and animals using their legs can go almost anywhere. The main aim of the walking mechanism is to develop rough terrain robots by capturing mobility autonomy and simulation of living creatures. Such robots can travel like living creatures in stepped stairways household clutters limit the utility of wheeled vehicles. Machines consist of a number of mechanisms for their successful operation and to give the desired output. Mechanisms like four-bar mechanism, single slider crank mechanism, double slider crank mechanism, etc, are used for transmitting motion, force, torque etc. The analytical data can be used for reference purpose to design a walking robot to attain better design qualities. There are many types of walking mechanisms but there are two major mechanisms implemented to their best. They are THEO JANSON’s mechanism and KLANN linkage. The first mechanism which I came across for purpose of smooth walking on terrain region was Klann mechanism which actually mimics the motion of the biological organism i.e., crab. Observing keenly I found that there were lot of drawbacks within the mechanism, the drawbacks being jerky motion and difficulty in the turning of the vehicle. The next step to be taken was to find a better mechanism which had a smooth walking pattern on any given terrain and could easily function as per requirements. The most flexible mechanism which I settled with is THEO-JANSEN MECHANISM (STRANDBEEST). My final contribution would be to do holistic analysis to determine the smooth working of the mechanism thereby walking lightly and swiftly and how to refrain from jamming. Finally, all vehicles must be controlled - by a human or other means. Therefore investigation is necessary in controlling such vehicles.

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Developing the wireless interface techniques represents one of the ways to enhance the capacity of future networks to meet the predicted high mobile data demand. In 4G networks, orthogonal multiple access is used as the wireless interface technique and proved its effectiveness against multi-path fading and achieving high system throughput. Recently, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is presented for upcoming generation i.e 5G, as a promising radio access scheme for further capacity enhancement and to accommodate the future traffic demand.

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This research demonstrates the empirical application of Six Sigma and DMAIC to reduce product defects within a pressure die casting manufacturing organization. The work follows the DMAIC methodology to investigate defects, root causes and provide a solution to reduce/eliminate these defects. The analysis from employing Six Sigma and DMAIC indicated that the metal melting temperature, die temperature and die holding time influenced the amount of defective items produced. In particular, the design of experiments (DOE) and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were combined to statistically determine the correlation of the metal melting temperature, die temperature and die holding time with defects as well as to define their optimum values needed to reduce/eliminate the defects. As a result, a reduction of 16.93 % to 10.04 % in the terminal cover and 16.62 % to 8.97 % in the din based cover was achieved, which helped the organization studied to reduce its defects per million opportunities (DPMO) and thus improve its Sigma level from 2.53 to 2.79for the terminal cover and 2.55 to 2.85for the din based cover.

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Energy development is a field of endeavour focused on making sufficient energy sources to meet the needs of the society. One of the most significant contributor to electricity generation is wind energy. Normally, windmills are placed at higher altitudes, wherein wind starts blowing in more than one direction due to climatic changes and seasons. This decreases the efficiency of the windmills. For this, we place pressure sensors on the nose cone of the windmill. These pressure sensors detects several speeds of wind as well as their direction and records them. This data is transferred to the control box, wherein microcontroller is placed. This microcontroller considers maximum wind speed condition. This in turn stimulates mechanical action, wherein the Ushaped clamp, placed on a roller bearing, which is connected to the nose cone aligns itself perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

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This multilevel inverter for the grid interface of permanent magnet synchronous generator. Currently, DFIG based variable speed wind turbine technology with gearbox is dominating the world market share. However, the problems associated with IG based wind turbines paper presents a wind energy conversion system based on a neutral-point clamped are reactive power consumption, mechanical stress and poor power quality. Moreover, the gearbox requires regular maintenance as it suffers from faults and malfunctions. PMSG based wind turbines are; gearless operation, higher efficiency, enhanced reliability, smaller size, reduced cost and low losses. The NPCMLI has been used as a VSI and operated in a voltage control mode in order to achieve the objectives of real power injection and load compensation (power factor correction, load balancing, voltage fluctuation elimination and harmonic compensation). This paper focuses on control of PMSG based grid connected variable speed WT with maximum power extraction (MPE). Simulation of the proposed model has been done in MATLAB/SIMULINK and from the results obtained through simulation are shown.

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The purpose of this paper is both a review and an assessment of techniques presently available for fault detection in analog circuits. Analog circuits have been extensively used in industrial systems and their failure may make the systems work abnormally and even cause accidents. So if these faults cannot diagnose and remove at early stage it will cause problem. There are various faults occur in analog VLSI circuits during manufacturing of any analog circuits and if these faults are not diagnose at initial stages they will make changes in the output of the circuit and overall cost will increase. In this paper an approach is taken to remove parametric and catastrophic faults. A very simple, efficient and structural approach is taken which is based on signal flow graph. In this back-tracing is done using inverted signal flow graph which is used to calculate tolerance of the component. This approach is applicable to various linear analog VLSI circuits. For the detection of faults integrator circuit is used. All the circuits are simulated with the help of MATLAB/Simulink tool.

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Due to the increasing growth in online recruitment, traditional hiring methods are becoming inefficient. The extraction of structured information from applicant resumes is needed not only to support the automatic screening of candidates, but also to efficiently route them to their corresponding occupational categories. This assists in minimizing the effort required by employers to manage and organize resumes, as well as to screen out irrelevant candidates. We need to find a way to save the time of the students which they earlier spent on searching the companies and reducing the complexity of screening process. This will increase the productivity and efficiency of the overall process. The recommended results can achieve higher score of precision and recall, and they are more relevant with users preferences before.

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The smart shoes are designed with the sensors in the front of the shoes. There is one ultrasonic sensor in the front of the shoe that detects if there are any objects or any obstacles coming in the way of the user and also there is an buzzer which will give an output in the form of sound which will then make the blind person alert. As the sight is considered the most important sense and the blind people are observed upon with pity by others. This is one of the technology that helps the blind people to communicate with the environment. Using this technology it becomes easy for blind people to know if there are any objects ahead so that they can avoid those objects and be safe. Blind people are part of this world so the technology must help to do things which are not possible for them to do and also try to give them some facilities which will be helpful for them. Till now it is not understood by the people that which type of several challenges the blind people are facing. Therefore with our research paper we are trying to give a helpful hand to blind people and also try to solve their problems which they are facing. Our project will also help to encourage to bring more new projects that will help the blind people to live independently in their daily lives.

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A virtual keyboard is actually a key-in device which uses highly advanced laser technology, to project a full sized keyboard on to a flat surface. Since the invention of computers they had undergone rapid miniaturization. Disks and components grew smaller in size, but only component remained same for decades -its keyboard. Since miniaturization of a traditional keyboard is very difficult we go for virtual keyboard. Here, a camera tracks the finger movements of the typist to get the correct keystroke. A virtual keyboard is a keyboard that a user operates by typing on or within a wireless or optical dectable surface or area rather than by depressing physical keys. Since their invention, computers have undergone rapid miniaturization from being a space saver to as tiny as your palm. Disks and components grew smaller in size, but one component still remained the same for decades - it is the keyboard. Miniaturization of keyboard had proved nightmare for users. Users of PDAs and smart phones are annoyed by the tiny size of the keys. The new innovation Virtual Keyboard uses advanced technologies to project a full-sized computing key-board to any surface. This device has become the solution for mobile computer users who prefer to do touch-typing than cramping over tiny keys. Virtual Keyboard is a way to eliminate finger cramping. All that is needed to use the keyboard is a flat surface. Using laser technology, a bright red image of a keyboard is projected from a device such as a handheld. Detection technology based on optical recognition allows users to tap the images of the keys so the virtual keyboard behaves like a real one. It is designed to support any typing speed.

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In the Synthesis of Metal–Oxied Based Nanocomposite, glycogen biopolymer is a good stabilization agent. We are proposing a synthesis of Ag-glycogen based nanocomposite in inert atmosphere. The samples with different contents of silver were prepared by two diverse procedures that include two inert atmosphere, synthesis in the presence of Neon gas and in the presence of Argon gas. The outcome also revealed that the optical properties of the obtained nanocomposite samples sturdily depend on the process of preparation. The TEM images of the two nanocomposites demonstrate the existence of nanoparticles with average diameter of 9.5 and 10.1 nm, correspondingly. Antimicrobial activity tests were conceded against Escherichia coli and we found that and microbial growth was steadily reduced as the concentration of Ag vary.

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The main focus of the paper is to implement a model for the real time patient monitoring system. The proposed system is used to measure the physical parameters like body temperature, heart rate, ECG, blood sugar and oxygen level with the help of biosensors using arm microcontroller. There are number of techniques available for health monitoring of ICU patients with wired communication technology. In this novel system the patients vital parameters are continuously monitored and the acquired data can be transmitted to an advanced reduced instruction set computing machine (ARM) server using wireless sensor networks. Here, Bluetooth wireless sensor networks are being used. The embedded processor supports analysis of inputs from the patient and the results of all the parameters can be stored in the database. If any abnormality is perceived in the data, an alarm will be raised and a message will be automatically sent to the doctors mobile using global system for mobile communication (GSM) module.

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In this paper a designed multiple band antenna with partial extended ground (PEG). An offset four element multiband planar MIMO antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern is proposed for non-line of sight (NLOS) communication on the low-cost fr-4 dielectric substrate for 4g and future technologies. The patch antenna system was created in 2.48 and 5.6 band operation .The recommended the overall size of the MIMO antenna is 61.9*77.42 mm2.Applied and tested the antenna other result handled the simulations result very well. The measurement gain is 4.2 dB and the separation S12 is 12.14db. The proposed design covers WLAN/WiMAX bands with gain and radiation efficiency. An ECC level of ≤ 0.01 has been achieved in the whole band.

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Computer games are increasingly popular application for Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, and conversely AI is an increasingly popular selling point for commercial games. Although games are typically associated with entertainment, there are many serious applications of gaming, including military, corporate, and advertising applications. There are also so called "human" gaming applications for medical training, educational games, and games that reflect social consciousness or advocate for a cause. Game AI is the effort of going beyond scripted interactions, however complex, into the arena of truly interactive systems that are responsive, adaptive, and intelligent. Such systems learn about the player(s) during game play, adapt their own behaviour beyond the pre-programmed set provided by the game author, and interactively develop and provide a richer experience to the player(s). The long-term goal of our research is to develop artificial intelligence techniques that can have a significant impact in the game industry. In this paper, we present a list of challenges and research opportunities in developing techniques that can be used by computer game developers. We discuss three Case Based Reasoning (CBR) approaches to achieve adaptability in games: automatic behaviour adaptation for believable characters; drama management and user modelling for interactive stories; and strategic behaviour planning for real-time strategy games.

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Recent year e-commerce is growing very rapidly. E-commerce websites deal with the online shopping and it’s all about internet marketing buying and selling product. Most retail websites encourage customers to write review about product to express their opinions on various aspect is a particular part of feature of product. Customer reviews on the product that they buy Gathering these reviews from web and improve quality of product. Some popular products can get hundreds of customer to read them to help him or her to make a decision on whether to buy the product. As e-commerce is becoming more and more popular, the number of customer reviews to read them in order to make a decision on whether to buy the product.

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Castor oil is a promising commodity that has a variety of applications in the coming years, particularly as a renewable energy source. Essential to the production and marketing of castor oil is the scientific investigation of the processing parameters needed to improve oil yield. The condition of the seed has a high contribution to the performance of the oil extraction process. Castor oil, produced from castor seeds, has been considered to be an important commercial value. Primarily for the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, coatings and medicinal uses among others. Extraction and characterization of castor oil from seeds. The seeds were prepared for use by removing the endocarp, sun-drying for seven days and finally milled to flour. A soxhlet extraction was used for the extraction of castor oil, using hexane as solvent. The oil was recovered by simple distillation of the solvent. The residual oil obtained was investigated for physiochemical parameters and fatty acid composition. The physical parameters were: moisture content, specific gravity, refractive index, fire point, flash point, smoke point, viscosity, pH. For chemical parameters, were: free fatty acid (oleic acid), acid value, saponification value and iodine value. Also, the result of the analysis confirms the oil to be of good quality and can found application in food industry as food additives as well as industrial purposes such as cosmetics, soaps, paint and energy generation.

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