— "A propeller fan might be an assortment of fan that transmits control by changing development movement into push. A weight refinement is made between the forward and raise surfaces of the airfoil-molded edge, and a liquid, (for example, air or water) is quickened behind the cutting edge". In this we discussed about the water propeller by using modelling and analysis. Modelling is done by using Catia software and Analysis by using Ansys using low weight material aluminium. By using Ansys we calculated the CFD of a Submarine Propeller. And from this we get to know that when the pressure increased then velocity increases and kinetic energy also increases which helps to produce the thrust. And by using this the submarine will move forward by rotating propellers.

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In the automobile industry, exhaust emission control and optimizing and using of non-conventional materials is major challenge for the research and development department of every company. Practical weight reduction and making the system compact, and personalization of single exhaust system are the main goals of this review paper. Introduction of the active back pressure control valve is the main feature of this research study. Better fuel economy and higher power with lower maintenance cost has increased the popularity of diesel engine vehicles. Diesel engines are used for bulk movement of goods, powering equipment, and to generate electricity more economically than any other device in this size range. The diesel engine is typically more efficient than the gasoline engine due to higher compression ratio. Diesel engines also do not suffer from size and acceleration limitations, which the SI engine is prone to. But now a day's problems are arisen with the energy crisis and air pollution across the world due to the vehicles. So, From analysis of literature survey it concluded that there is good scope of experimental study on CI engine with changes in catalytic convertor.

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In this paper we are designing and winding the linear induction motor. The purpose of this paper is to increase use of LIM in industry for transportation purpose. We present a linear induction motor for education. Several optimal design restraint equations of SLIM are provided in order to improve the operational efficiency and reduce the primary weight. The low rating LIM are of low cost, low energy consumption, high speed, and low pollution. The paper will show development of linear induction motor as a bucket elevator which carries 200-300gm weight in which flat chain move vertical direction.

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Around 1.2 billion people, or 1 in 6 of the world’s population, are adolescents aged 10 to 19. Studies reveal that there is still considerable number of premature death, illness, and injury among adolescents. Illnesses can hinder their ability to grow and develop to their full potential. Due to several biological and socio-economic reasons adolescent girls needs more attention for better health care. The study focuses on adolescent girls health and menstrual hygiene concerns like age of menarche, sources of information, types of absorbent, problems faced while handling used clothes, restrictions practiced during the mestruation, anemia and its symptoms awareness etc. The beginning of menstruation signifies a landmark event in pubertal development of the adolescent girl. Menstruation and the menstrual cycle are considered by variability in volume, pattern and regularity, which at the earlier stages of the development of the adolescent can create emotional awkwardness particularly to the poorly informed girl. Moreover, the low social status of women in Indian society, culture of shame and silence associated with their reproductive health matters make this a taboo. It is still considered as something unclean or dirty in Indian society and is linked with several perceptions and practices, which sometimes result in adverse health outcomes. This study is an attempt to understand the status of adolescent girl’s health and hygiene in rural parts of Maharashtra.

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Considerable length of roads planned to be constructed in India under various programmes require construction over poor subgrade soils. The performance of a road largely depends on properties of the subgrade soil. One such subgrade soil often encountered is the black cotton (BC) soil. It is inorganic clay of medium to high compressibility, high shrinkage and swelling property, very hard when dry, but lose its strength completely when in wet condition. As a result of wetting and drying process, vertical movement takes place in the soil mass leading to failure of pavement, in the form of settlement, heavy depression, cracking and unevenness. In order to improve the performance of roads on such soils Coir textile has scope as reinforcement. It is expected that with the inclusion of coir geotextile layer below Granular Subbase (GSB) layer would be helpful in restricting the movement of upper pavement layers due to seasonal moisture variation in subgrade expansive, shrinkable soil. A pilot project plan for implementing the idea has been proposed in the paper.

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For productivity, efficiency and effectiveness the technology and researcher all over the world are working continuously. In the paper the detailed design procedure is represented. The modification of the conventional scissor jack is present in the design. The problems are correlate with the conventional jacks with the ergonomic snags experienced by the operators due to prolonged bending or squatting of the positions during the operation. This problem of waist pain and backaches are as a result of continuous turning for wrench or crank shaft in an uncomfortable position for the long period. These led to the design and modification of quick lifting screw jack with gear arrangements that are safe, reliable and capable of raising or lowering heavy load with little effort. The results showed that the crank and gear mechanism would help to reduce the difficulty in operation, reduce time, increase the efficiency and the effectively control the difficulties concomitant with Ergonomics, which is an ultimate sensitivity in the design process and manufacturing.

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Bridges on the Indian railway are basic infrastructure for the operation of trains. There are more than 1, 20,000 bridges on the Indian railway, and day by day the new bridges are being constructed for extension of railway network/gauge conversion. The strengthening of existing bridges is also required due to old age or change of loading standard. Quick and accurate design of railway bridges is a primary requirement for scheduled completion of railway projects. Analysis and design of PSC Girder, Deck slab, Pier, Abutment, return wall, and Foundation for a railway bridge is an iterative process depending on loading standard and site conditions. Generally, the calculations involved in the analysis and design are very tedious and time-consuming. In the present project work, an attempt is made to develop software, which can help the designer to arrive at a rational, economical, and sound solution. The software is developed using visual basic for linear static analysis of bridge components. The research work presents the summary of different research work & concludes with identified gaps in the research as well as identified the object of required work.

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In recent years remote sensing and Geographical Information System have gained importance as vital tools in the analysis of temporal data at the district and city level. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of high resolution satellite data and computer aided GIS technique in assessing land use/ land cover change detection in Coimbatore District for the period 2014 to 2018. The assessment of the land use and land cover changes in the Coimbatore District for half decay. Landsat images of 2014 and 2018 were analysed using Erdas Imagine Software and Q-GIS.

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Special Purpose Machine Plays very important role in industry to improve the productivity. In this paper we are going to discuss about Horizontal Locus Clearance Milling Machine. The problem associated with the machine was that it was a tedious and time consuming part to mill the locus clearance in the engine block on three different machines. Also the most difficult task was to mill the portion in locus type pattern. Also the time taken for milling operation was quite large and there was a scope in reduction of machining time so by reducing these two parameters of vibration and machining time more output could be achieved. Also in this time intense competition company could not afford any complaints about quality of work. The above problem could be solved by designing a machine having a hydraulic type spindle having milling tool such that angular or rotational motion can be achieved. Though it will increase the cost of designing the new machine it will be nullified by reduction in machining time.

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The procedure of Seismic design has historically been developed by engineers by observations of the real buildings behavior and structures when subjected to destructive earthquakes. Prescriptive requirements, based on features observed to result in the good performance, were developed after each and every earthquake. This knowledge was supplemented by a systematic improving process our basic understanding of earthquakes and ability to characterize and predict the of earthquakes and the structures response.

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The structures generally get collapse due to the failure of one or a few structural components which then progresses over the successive of other components. This process is referred as progressive collapse of the structure. Local damage that initiates progressive collapse is called initiating damage. In order to study the collapse in analytical way, loading pattern or boundary conditions are required to be changed so that other structural elements within the structure are loaded beyond their capacity. This leads to development of alternative load paths to initiate the redistribution of loads. A typical model of a 12 storey structure is made on ETABS Software and analysis of reinforced concrete framed structure under critical column removal has been carried using the linear static analysis methods as per the guidelines provided in GSA (2003) and FEMA: 356 guidelines respectively taking into consideration the provisions of IS1893:2002 codes to simulate dynamic collapse problems. The results are then compared for the parameters such as Demand capacity ratio PMM ratio and Robustness indicator were checked for the acceptance criteria provided in GSA 2003.Based on results and comparing DCR values of different beams and columns with acceptance criteria given in GSA 2013 and American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE) 41 [10].

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The specific topic is chosen by undergoing a thought process about the current situation of health and mental problems. We studied the major problems that are being faced by people. At a fast pace life people do not discuss their issue openly about their mental health, our assistant provides them a platform where they can express their problem. By seeing various problem, we come with solution where end user can check treatment for different diseases, plan their diet from the nutritional information available, connect with our Bot to help them overcome their mental illness. Not Only, we provide natural home remedies to cure various diseases, but also, we suggest, Natural Exercise and Meditation to help them control depression, anxiety and boost their self-esteem.

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HTML5 is the latest version of HTML which come up with some impressive and attractive new features that made available for developing web applications. HTML5 is everywhere these days. It is particularly designed to improve the language with much better support for multimedia and server communication, making a web developer’s job much easier. HTML5 is not a new version of HTML4 in comparison to when new software versions are released. It comprises an entire set of small additions to the existing web standard; currently each browser implements some but not all of these features. The new power of HTML5 supplies the user everything from animation to graphics, music to movies, and can also be used to build complicated web applications and also supports cross-platform. HTML5 standard initiates the development of real-time collaborations in web browsers, which leads to less work for web developers.

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Pollution of ground water originate from either as point source or non-point or diffused source. The sources responsible for water quality deterioration are domestic waste, industrial waste and agriculture practices. Pollution of groundwater from agriculture is the diffuse source of pollution and application fertilizers and pesticides coupled with unscientific management of crops, water, soil and fertilizer, are the additional sources responsible for ground water pollution. A good planning along with scientific approach is required for crop pattern and use of chemical fertilizer to check this diffuse source of pollution. Domestic wastes where the contaminants are leached to the groundwater body from landfills, cesspools, septic tanks and composite pits, Industrial wastes where release of untreated wastewater into the streams, nallahs and open lands are the potential threats to the portability of ground water. These wastes falls under point source pollutants category and can be checked. Hydro-chemical behaviour of the various inorganic contaminants including trace metals, due to the point / non-point sources are therefore receive special attention under the pretext of their distribution in groundwater regime.

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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a weed universally found in lakes, streams, and other water bodies across the globe. With high paces of recovery, endurance, and development, it is by and large hard to clear water bodies invaded with water hyacinth. Nonetheless, these highlights of water hyacinth can be considered as favorable. Analysts have endeavored to utilize hyacinth as a retentive for weighty metals, water contaminations, and others. Consequently, research activity on utilization of the water hyacinth is going on from many years and various researches has shown that it play a very significant role as a biofertilizer, biosorbent, bioenergent and many more which are discussed below.

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Combustion is the process in which stored chemical energy in the form of heat energy, is converted into another type of energy. The output from this process is heat and light. In order to achieve combustion, we need three key components: fuel, oxygen, and heat. In an internal combustion engine (ICE), the ignition and combustion of the fuel occurs within the engine itself. The engine then partially converts the energy from the combustion to work. The engine consists of a fixed cylinder and a moving piston. The expanding combustion gases push the piston, which in turn rotates the crankshaft. The combustion test is carried out to determine the performance of the IC engine by measuring the Brake power, Brake thermal efficiency and Mechanical efficiency. The readings are noted down for running the IC engine with Hippe Fuel (M40), for 2hrs, 4hrs and 6hrs. It is observed that brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency increases with increase in brake power mechanical efficiency is more than brake thermal efficiency.

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The surface roughness measurement is done for detect analysis and is measured interms of surface profile (Ra). The bio fuels are chemical fuels as the fossil fuels and generate heat to perform mechanical work, hence, are the most desirable alternative to the fossil fuels. In the present work, the surface roughness of the IC Engine components has been recorded for diesel and blend of 70% Diesel+ 30% Hippe oil. The use of the blend of 70% Diesel+30% Hippe oil has better tribological properties of the IC Engine components as compared to the diesel as a fuel. Hence blend of 70%Diesel+30% Hippe oil could be used as an alternative bio-fuel to reduce the pollution effects and material wear of the components.

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Its theory is just based on transformation of energy. According to this theory, first rotation of wheels or potential energy of water convert into mechanical rotational energy (into rotational energy of motor gear or various types of turbine) then finely converting into electrical energy (by the rotation of motor or generator shaft). Then supply it , MRTT generated electrical energy to the transmitting lines or store it then it (store electrical energy) again applicable on that machine engine as for giving feed power and previous feed power sources are disattached .So stored MRTT generated electrical energy again convert into mechanical work and it mechanical work reversibly convert into MRTT generated energy. So its theory is applicable as regenerative technology, without or less energy consumption and also with no any harmfulness to our NATURE.

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A number of irreversible processes in the engine limit its capability to achieve a highly balanced efficiency. By doing so, the heated gases produced from the combustion process can be easily channeled through the exhaust valve and manifold. The large amount of energy from the stream of exhausted gases could potentially be used for waste heat energy recovery to generate power. Various methods to harness the waste heat to produce power effectively had ended up in vain. This project implements a thermoelectric waste heat energy recovery system for internal combustion engine automobiles, including gasoline vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. The key is to directly convert the surface heat energy from automotive waste heat to electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator (TEG), which is then regulated by a DC-DC Cuk converter to charge a battery using maximum power point tracking. Hence, the electrical power stored in the battery can be maximized. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can work well under different working conditions, and is promising for automobile industry.

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the function of a brake is to control the motion of a machine member or a vehicle. A brake may be used to slow down, stop or hold a load or release a load and control its speed. In the process of performing its function, an effective breaking is required to convert large amount of kinetic energy of the brake components and dissipate it in the form of heat transferred from the brake system. The capacity of any brake depends upon the unit pressure between the braking surfaces, the coefficient of friction and the heat dissipating capacity of the brakes. The brakes must be strong enough to stop the vehicle within a minimum distance in an emergency. Cast iron, steel are the commonly used materials for the brake drum.In the present work an attempt is made to replace the existing cast iron brake drum of a truck with two other materials namely aluminum composite and stainless steel 304. The dimension of the proposed brake drum is considered the same as that of the existing cast iron brake drum. Modeling of the brake drum was done in Auto-CAD software. Steady state and transient analyses was carried out using ANSYS 10.0 software package. For the analysis, four cyclic braking conditions i.e., 30 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds, and 210 seconds are considered to determine the peak temperature developed and thermal deformation. The design constraints considered in this investigation were heat flux and convective heat transfer coefficient. Finally a comparison is made among three different materials considered for the brake drum of a truck in terms of maximum temperature generated, thermal deformation and percentage of weight savings.

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In this paper, swirl airflow Are characterized for various air Swirler geometries. The number of vanes, vane angle, Vane curvature, Sauter mean diameter and air velocity are varied for the swirling Airflow. Injector is one of the vital devices in liquid Propellant rocket engine (LPRE).Injector Parameters that play the important role in the performance of liquid propellant rocket engine. There are several mechanisms of liquid atomization such as swirling. The injector internal geometries reviewed are limited to swirler geometry, mixing chamber diameter, mixing chamber length, Aeration hole diameter, discharge orifice diameter and discharge orifice length. Introducing a swirl component in the flow can enhance the propellant atomization and mixing whereas introducing bubbling gas directly into the liquid stream inside the injector leads to finer sprays even at lower injection pressures. Wider spray cone angle is beneficial for widespread of fuel in the combustion chamber for fast quiet ignition and a shorter breakup length provides shorter combustion chamber to be utilized and small SMD will result in fast and clean combustion. This work may aid in the specific inquiry of physical mechanisms relating to the effect of flow states on spray distribution. It is found that improved atomization and mixing performance are a result of increase in swirl number.

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In this thesis, The project details the study of the general aviation of the airplane wing is Design & Analysis. Which design process starts with asketch how the aircraft plane is can be visualized. & the estimation based by the weights on the material properties & sketechs are been concluded by with it these can acquires the external geometries of the airplane. The which in these knows the different types of the materials are been used with design of an aircraft wing which analysis as been made by with it, the some of the metallic materials & non-metallic materials properties of the materials were be studied under the aircraft wings. The 3-d layout of the aircraft wing is been studied. In order to solve the problems we are designed a stiffened panel section & by the changing of the materials, the aircraft skin can withstand the a deformations of an structural weights has been always been important in the aircraft manufacturing industry, by using CATIA & Meshing in Hyper mesh & analysis is be done by ANSYS. Of the software are been considered with stiffened panel by it. Aluminium is the common element which is used in the design of an aircraft, but carbon fiber is recently being used in the airctaft.

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Transformer play a crucial position in electric, transmission and distribution device. Transformers are layout and favored in step with their related hundreds and the burden cycle. Mineral oil applied in transformer now no longer most effective acts as electric insulation however additionally these play as a cooling means. An oil play a role of deterioration only the cause of the heat, getting old and chemically affected like oxidation. The transformer existence relies upon on its insulation. It is the maximum essential a part of electricity device in addition to very high priced in phrases of re-investment. Transformer may be loaded past its rated load. As load growth past its limit, temperature rises above the required price then it'll bring about a better lack of existence. The maximum essential a part of transformer device is insulation device, which includes liquid and stable insulation. Generally overall routine of transformer could be depends upon its insulation device. The solid insulation offers dielectric spacing, mechanical strength and dielectric strength. That liquid insulation is find for cooling reason and protective the lively part. It is highly affected in with temperature, moisture, Oxygen and acids within transformer oil. IFT as well as NN of an insulating oil of transformer are correlated with the transformers are in commissioning and those were function for the transformer oil recovery. This paper will provide an explanation for the interfacial tension , neutral number in the course of degradation process thank you to oxidation and then their consequently the precise bond between interfacial tension and neutral number itself. In this paper we will explained the rest of lifetime of the power transformer will depends upon the values of interfacial stress relating with neutral range of power transformer with the help of fuzzy system.

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Now days in countries like India where electricity is available in most of the areas but water is not available in sufficient amount like Rajasthan, Vidarbha in Maharashtra. So we can use Electrified Water Efficient Electrified Toilet. These types of toilets use very less amount of water so that helps in conservation of water. Another motive behind manufacturing this type of toilet is to make portable toilets for handicapped people pregnant women as well as person suffering from accident injuries. In this project we can reduce plastic waste because in this system commode is made up of plastic. So we can make reuse of abandoned plastic to make our system. This will help us in solid waste management of plastic. This system has very simple mechanism to work. Waste is provided up to burner or furnace by use of Archimedes’ screw principle. Then it is burn in furnace and forms ash which can be used as fertilizer.

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The project “Experimental Study on Behavior of Concrete for Replacement of Fly Ash and Sea Shells as a Substitute to Cement and Coarse Aggregates” deals with the Eco Friendly approach to the continuously growing construction Industry. Civil engineering practice and construction works in India depend to a very large extent on concrete. Concrete is one of the major building materials that can be delivered to the job site in a plastic state and can be molded in situ or precast to any form or shape. Concrete basic constituents are cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (granite chippings) and water. Hence, the overall cost of concrete production depends largely on the availability of the constituents (and selected additives). Water reacts chemically with cement to form the cement paste, acts as binder holding the aggregate together which is an exothermic hydration reaction. Aggregates are usually described as inert "filler" material of either the fine (sand) or coarse (gravel) variety which are Conventional or Natural Materials. Now a days, we are facing drastic shortage of conventional construction materials, Lack of economical materials, Depletion in Natural materials and day by day it is further increasing so it is required to provide alternative to this condition for Sustainable Development and study proposed some materials can replace these materials efficiently. Seashell and Fly ash are the materials which looks like a waste but these contains Engineering properties which can replace conventional construction materials like Aggregate and Cement. Seashell is a hard, protective layer, a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal (molluscs). As they grow, the shells increases in size which becomes a strong compact casing for the mollusc inside. The major molluscan seashell includes, bivalves such as clams, scallops, and cockle. The hard shells are regarded as waste, which are accumulated in many parts of the country, when dumped and left untreated may cause unpleasant odour and disturbing view to the surrounding. Also the aggregate surface texture influences the bond between aggregate and cement paste in hardened concrete. Thus it opens an investigation into its potential as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. Fly ash is a black finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of powdered coal and transported by the flue gases and collected by the electrostatic precipitator. It is obtained from a nearby thermal power plant site.

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