Now days due to energy crisis and harmful effect to environment, there is a urgent need of energy saving in air conditioning and water cooling demands in mainly consideration of all the free cooling techniques. Among them evaporative cooling is well known technique from long time which gives good results and wide number of applications in residential, commercial, agricultural, and institutional buildings to industrial applications such as spot cooling in power plants, foundries, etc. So in this paper the evaporative cooling, it’s potential, and different trends in evaporative cooling are studied, which are environment friendly as it uses only natural energy as latent heat of water. The efficiency and effectiveness of evaporative cooling depends on surrounding climatic conditions which are studied in this paper, faster the evaporation rate we gate maximum cooling effect.

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One of the most important safety features in an automobile is brake. A typical automobile consists of two types of brakes, one for retarding the speed of vehicle while it is in motion and other is to hold the vehicle in its place when standing still or parked. The latter is mostly important when the vehicle is parked on slope. It is important to disengage the handbrake before starting the vehicle from rest position. Sometimes due to negligence or in emergency conditions, we humans often forget to apply parking brakes. This may lead to rolling of vehicle in case of slopes and collision with other vehicles in parking area. Sometimes if service brake fails parking brakes are used as a emergency brake to stop the vehicle. This Project provides a new concept design of the parking brake system that has simple and low-cost characteristics. This system uses electrically operated components using solenoid circuits. This system operates depending on the positions of the key. When the ignition switch is turned on the handbrake disengages and engages when the ignition is turned off.

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Storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and similar liquids. The force analysis of the reservoirs or tanks is about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. All tanks are designed as crack free structures to eliminate any leakage. This project gives in brief, the theory behind the design of liquid retaining structure (circular water tank with flexible and rigid base and rectangular under ground water tank) using working stress method. This report also includes computer subroutines to analyze and design circular water tank with flexible and rigid base and rectangular under ground water tank. The program has been written as Macros in Microsoft Excel using Visual Basic programming language. In the end, the programs are validated with the results of manual calculation given in Concrete Structure book.

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India is country whose economy’s major part is dependent upon farmer of our country. Farming plays a major role in India’s development but profits earn by the farmers are not up to the mark so in this project we try to help farmers to remove additional time and cost they spend with munshi. The project is based on providing farmers a platform where they can save their data regarding of the money they spent on tools, electricity and other utilities and at last they can calculate their overall expenditures and cut off extra or additional expenses. A record is maintained in our project where farmers. A record is maintained in our project where farmers only provide their data or delete whenever they want to do so. This project made in such a way that farmer can easily understand it’s working.

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SCNs - Small cellular networks have brought the selection of substantial possibilities because of the telecommunication business, it is additionally unveiled a significant struggle for scientists that need to acquire methods to bring down the razor-sharp rise in strength use which is going to be expected to backhaul visitors from SCNs on the primary system. With this analysis, we check out the eco-friendly backhauling obstacle for a 5th generation (5G) wireless correspondence system which utilizes the passive optical network (PON) and also millimeter wave (mm Wave) backhauling to allow for the diverse groups of its of applications and customers. The approach of ours is dependent on the reality which the power effectiveness figures for the PON and also the mm Wave solutions will vary under a certain ton quality. The PON engineering is much more power effective exposed to serious ton circumstances, while the mm Wave know-how has much better power effectiveness exposed to lower ton circumstances. As a result, of reaction to altering visitors lots during different working hours on a working day, a fixed backhauling tactic is not enough to assure the bare minimum energy usage and also the essential information fees. We produce an SEO issue that thinks the approximated hourly site traffic ton and also establishes probably the most effective backhauling technique for different working hours of the day time. Thinking about the issue, we additionally suggest an energy-efficient backhauling technique to fix the issue. We also propose an energy-efficient heuristic solution to solve this problem. On comparing with existing model, we have achieved less energy consumption by using our model.

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Water lack impacts various countries like India where it is especially difficult to look for water resources. In various pieces of the world, the noteworthy issue is that the pace of water age is slower than that of being depleted. This issue can be decreased by utilizing the moisture shown on earth. An Atmospheric Water Generator goes about as dehumidifier water can be used for different family practices and besides for various purposes like water framework, etc. It is an accommodating source in the dry regions. This system is illustrated considering the base imperativeness utilization and cost when it appeared differently concerning other AWG thoughts in the market. This is a framework that changes over the stickiness of the atmosphere explicitly and effectively into usable and drinking water.

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Self-Inflating Tire (SIT) system is designed with the help of Electronic and Telecommunication (ENTC) and Mechanical Department. SIT is implemented to maintain the tire pressure at proper level during Geotechnical condition for self-lubrication and issuing tire free from puncture as well as leakage. The proper inflation of tires all the times is ensured by this system. This system is designed to increase the performance of vehicle, reduce the wear-tear of tire, increase safety of vehicle and used for military purpose. Proper tire pressure allows vehicle to acquire to the terrain conditions for ideal performance and increase the stiffness of the vehicle movement. SIT has automatic air controlling system to ensure safety, reduce cost as well as time of driver. This enhances fuel efficiency during operation in the field works and increase wheel balancing. The major parts of SIT application is human safety.

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The refrigeration system is most widely used in domestic and industrial applications. The conventional vapour compression refrigeration system uses CFC or HFC based refrigerants which affects the ozone layer and also this type of systems needs conventional energy sources. Hence it is necessary to identify environmental friendly alternative cooling system which is driven by renewable energy sources. In this work, we have developed a adsorption based refrigeration system which uses solar energy and conventional electrical energy. The adsorbent and refrigerant pair used in this work is silica gel and water. The experiments were conducted at various hot water temperature and best hot water temperature was optimized. The cooling effect produced by this system was satisfactory and the energy supplied by the conventional electrical energy is reduced with the help of solar energy. From the experimental results, we conclude that the hybrid solar adsorption system can be used as a replacement for the vapour compression refrigeration system.

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When plants and crops are affected by pests it affects the agricultural production of the country. Usually farmers or experts observe the plants with naked eye for detection and identification of disease. But this method can be time processing, expensive and inaccurate. Automatic detection using image processing techniques provide fast and accurate results. This paper is concerned with a new approach to the development of plant disease recognition model, based on leaf image classification, by the use of deep convolutional networks. Advances in computer vision present an opportunity to expand and enhance the practice of precise plant protection and extend the market of computer vision applications in the field of precision agriculture. Novel way of training and the methodology used facilitate a quick and easy system implementation in practice. All essential steps required for implementing this disease recognition model are fully described throughout the paper, starting from gathering images in order to create a database, assessed by agricultural experts, a deep learning framework to perform the deep CNN training. This method paper is a new approach in detecting plant diseases using the deep convolutional neural network trained and fine-tuned to fit accurately to the database of a plant’s leaves that was gathered independently for diverse plant diseases. The advance and novelty of the developed model lie in its simplicity; healthy leaves and background images are in line with other classes, enabling the model to distinguish between diseased leaves and healthy ones or from the environment by using CNN.

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The fastest growing renewable energy sector in India is wind energy which is vital for economic growth of the country and since independent India has worked on its resources for increasing its capacity. Keeping this point in view, we thought to fabricate vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and analysis the performance in different conditions. In this project we consider two types of blades with two different materials with two different altitudes to assess the the performance and check the condition that gives maximum output. The model made is Savonius type and DC motor is used inversely with Savonius input connected to motor shaft and electrical output taken from the terminals of the motor and this output is utilized to run an application. We also added one solar panel to the turbine to increase the output from the turbine. The main aim of this project is to assess the power output using combination of 2 renewable energy sources with low cost and maintenance. These turbines can be installed on road dividers to utilize wind energy coming from vehicles. The energy produced makes the model a reliable source of continuous energy.

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A Go-Kart is a small, four-wheeled, light vehicle and easy to operate which is meant for racing Purpose but such vehicle does not require professional drivers or enormous speed to drive it. These vehicles are Cheaper in rate compare to F1 or other racing cars. Therefore, Go-Kart is called as a miniature of F1 racing car. This paper highlights the key elements such as Material selection along with its properties, Methodology, Design, and Analysis. The entire design and analysis are performed on 3D-Modelling software’s CATIA V5R19 and ANSYS.

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I have given a piece of brief information about Cloud Gaming. I discussed its functionality, its potential Software and Hardware problems, System requirements, Technology Used, Future Scope and Conclusions. Cloud Gaming may be the upcoming revolution of the gaming industry and can make it more portable to use any time anywhere.

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Since past few years, deep neural networks are becoming highly popular because of their increasing performance. They are getting highly used in various machine learning tasks such as regression, segmentation, classification, detection and pattern recognition. Character recognition is currently gaining attention of most of the researchers because of its enormous applications in various sectors like human-robot interaction, data entry for business documents, etc. Recognition of characters is challenging task, but Deep learning techniques can be effectively used as a solution for various such problems. Person to person variations in writing style makes handwritten character recognition one of the most difficult tasks. There are hundreds of ways to write a single letter or a digit which automatically increases the size of the dataset to be used. The aim of this work is to incorporate machine learning techniques to improve the character recognition process.

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With the increase in the complexity of the industrial food supply chain, the traceability is becoming scarce. It has becoming a tedious and costly task to trace the processing of a packed product , as the data is stored in the relational databases it is quite easy to tamper the data stored in the database through an unauthorized access. To tackle all these issues and address the problem of traceability Blockchain is a suitable technique to store the data in the database. By making the use of blockchain we can generate a ledger where each processing unit will make the transactions in the system and all the data related to the processing of product made at that unit is appended easily to the blockchain. By doing this, we are creating a tamper free ledger which is used to trace the processing details of the product in a really fast and cost effective manner. We are here, creating a peer to peer network of different systems which will keep on making the transactions and the data will be stored in the ledger. A server will be there to monitor the transactions and to trace the product details if requested by the system administrator or by the end user. There will be a backup server also which will take the command of the requests once the main server becomes down and it also maintains a copy of the whole data. In this way it is feasible to trace the processing details of a product, once unique identity of the product is provided to the server.

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Advanced line follower material handling device is a combination of mechanical & electrical ideas. Here concepts from mechanical engineering provide rigidity as well as primary vertical motion by scissor mechanism to the device. Electrical stream provide required automation with the help of microcontroller and its output and input devices. Previously there are many ideas regarding to the topic such as Automated Guided Vehicle or Line follower robot with obstacle avoidance but here we merge various concepts to contribute to the final output. This device is a material handling system that uses independently operated self-propelled vehicle guided along defined pathways. The vehicles are powered by on-board batteries that allowed many hours of operation between recharging. A distinguishing feature of the “line follower material handling device” compared to rail guided vehicle system and most conveyor system is that the pathways are unobtrusive.

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Distributed Generation (DG,) is a new source which is used in distribution systems. DGs are connected directly by distribution system operators or indirectly by customers. The DGs usually are connected near the consumer load centers. The high use of DGs leads to improvement of power quality, improvement of voltage profile, a decrease of losses. Due to the increasing need to distributed energy resources in power systems, their problems should be studied. One of the main problems of distributed energy resources is unplanned islanding. The unplanned islanding has some dangers to the power systems and the repairman which are works with the incorrect devices. The proposed method is based on wavelet transform and a new classifier named as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The proposed method is implemented on a 14 IEEE bus grid in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The results show the high accuracy of islanding detection of the proposed method. In this paper, five generator as wind turbine is assumed as a distributed resource. At last, comparison of ANN and SVM are compared and finally conclusion provide for best classifier for islanding detection for distributed generator system.

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The objective of the research paper is to test the performance of the vapour compression system using liquid heat exchanger. The main purpose of our project is to increase the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system with reduction in global warming potential (GWP) and with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and minimum energy consumption using liquid heat exchanger. In our project we are using blend of two refrigerant i.e R600a and R290 in various proportion and the another refrigerant used is HFO-1234yf, with the help of liquid heat exchanger and in both the cases of refrigerant we calculated that the COP of the system had increased and global warming potential and energy consumption were reduced with zero ozone depletion potential as compared to the current used refrigerant R134a and existing vapour compression refrigeration system. As liquid heat exchanger involves cooling and heating process the load on compressor is reduced and more cooling effect with minimum energy consumption and less harm to environment. As compared to the current refrigerant R134a which global warming potential(GWP) i.e. 4 with zero ozone depletion potential(ODP). So by using HFO-1234yf and another blend of R134a and R290 we had increased the COP and reduced the GWP of the system and thus we have successfully fabricated and tested the vapour compression system using liquid heat exchanger.

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Objective of the paper is to get analyze the scientific studies by focusing on smart city concepts and sustainability to understand better. As cities grow and develop, the urban landscape undergoes a high degree of change. The proliferation of “Smart Cities” initiatives around the world is a part of the strategic response by governments to the challenges and opportunities of increasing urbanization and the rise of cities as the nexus of societal development. This JISA Thematic Series presents significant research contributions related to the design and development of Infrastructure, Services and Applications for the Smart City and Urban context. In this smart city application unwanted noise can be controlled, harmful smokes can be avoided by introducing Smart smoke control system smart drainage cover, BRT bus gate controlling as well as electric bus charging is going to be available.

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Holography is the science and practice of making the multi-dimensional images. A hologram(disambiguation) is a photographic account of a light field, moderately not the same as of a picture shaped by a focal point, and it is utilized to show an entire three-dimensional picture for holographic item, which is seen without the assistance of extraordinary glasses or other middle optics. It is normally invulnerable when seen under diffused air light. Intelligent holography is a related method for making three-dimensional pictures by controlling of movement of the reflections on a two-dimensional surface. It works by brilliantly or controlling packs of light beams, while in Gabor style holography diffractively remaking wave fronts is utilized. All in all, we use laser light for enlightening the subject.

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In the present day’s alcohol-attributable accidents are increasing rapidly where the concern as alcohol is a factor in many categories of injury. Every year it is reported about 2.3 million premature deaths due to harmful consumption of alcohol. In this paper we proposed improved alcohol detection for use in an automobile ignition locking system using Arduino. A temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the breath sample to ensure that it is the same temperature as human breath. A sensor is used for a specific volume of the breath sample, which is used to determine the alcohol content. A Micro Controller is used to convert the output into are adding which represents the breath alcohol content of the breath sample. This analysis is used as part of an overall automobile ignition locking system which prohibits starting the car when the operator is intoxicating. The system also requires rolling retests to ensure that the driver is still sober.

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In our Country, even though it has superpower and an economic development, but still there are many crimes against women. This device is a security system, specially designed for women in distress. Method/Analysis: Using microcontroller for the hardware device is the most efficient and it consumes less power. Findings: We analysis that there is no security device for our total safety. The user has to carry multiple devices. We found an ALL-IN-ONE security device which has all the features in one click. Applications/Improvements: In this project we used microcontroller and c and python application in which both the device and the smart phone are synchronized using GPS, hence both can be triggered independently. We can send message for further investigation and can give an alert call and message to the pre-set contacts with the instant location every 2 minutes and can be tracked live using our application.

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As conventional electricity assets depleting from the Earth and because it harms the Environment Everyone is moving in the direction of non-traditional Energy assets. In this paper, a product known as “Solar Tree” is introduced. Which requires less space than other traditional power system as space availability is the principle trouble in cities. Solar Tree having a preparation of a couple of sun panel linked in series or parallel connection. In this Tree arrangement Nano twine sun mobile is use which has better absorption potential therefore its miles and revolution within the area of “Power Generation” that is exceptionally beneficial for cities and for destiny additionally. This paper affords an overview on “Solar Tree.

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Translucent concrete is a light-transmitting concrete which is formed by embedded light optical elements like Plastic Optical fibres (POF) in it. The important purpose behind translucent concrete is to use sunlight as a natural light source to reduce the power consumption of illumination. Translucent concrete is utilized in fine architecture as a facade material and for cladding of interior walls. Optical fibres can transmit light through fibre. The concept of light transmitting concrete is same as a transparent concrete. When it is used in ceiling or side wall, it is exposed to direct natural sun light which transmit the image but not completely transparent. In this paper the smart translucent concrete regarded as a green energy saving construction material. It is a promising technology for field applications in civil Infrastructure development. Main aim of the study is to design translucent concrete blocks with the cement, sand aggregate & plastic optical fibre of 0%, 0.1 %, 0.2%, 0.3 %, 0.4 % & 0.5% by volume of total concrete mix, then analyse their compressive strength and compare it with that of conventional concrete blocks.

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Suspension system adjust the suspension of an automobile to adapt to bumps or potholes that are encountered in the road as the vehicle is driving. These system have the potential to improve safety, performance and ride comfort in automobiles. An integral part of suspension system is a device to detect irregularities in the road current detection system that are available lack either in precision, resolution or speed. A senior design project, dynamic automatic adjusting suspension system (daas).development of the dynamic automatic adjusting suspension system totally new design and road profile sensor (rps).the road profile sensor was implemented through the design of a range finder that uses a lidar sensor with a laser to measure distance. The distance from the sensor to the road changes as irregularities in the road are encountered, and this change in distance is measured by the road profile sensor to determine the size if the irregularities. Vehicle have suspension components that help to isolate the chassis of the vehicle from the road over which it travels. This is accomplished by placing a spring and damper system between the wheels and the chassis if the vehicle. The suspension components are chosen to optimize the automobiles handling on flat ground with minor irregularities and do not handle large bumps well. Common automobiles drive very poorly in rough situation .a vehicle that is roads much better, but will not handle as well as high speeds or in sharp corners where stiffer suspension improves performance.

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DC motor play a major role in many industries and factories. In paper mill, printing machine tools, cranes etc DC motors are used to move a product from one place to another. It is necessary to control the speed and direction of DC motors to move the product safely under limited speed and move the product in both direction. To change the direction H-Bridge circuit act as a motor drive when the drive receive the signal from the Microcontroller PIC16F77A.The speed of the motor is controlled by PWM technique which reduce the motor under required speed.

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