Solar energy is that the foremost thick, inexhaustible and cleans of all renewable energy resources. Interest in electrical solar PV power generation has accumulated in recent years thanks to its advantages. This wide distribution of power phenomenon panel production was not followed by observance, fault detection and designation functions to verify higher gain. Faults in any parts (modules, affiliation lines, converters, inverters, etc.) of electrical phenomenon systems (stand-alone, grid-connected or hybrid PV systems) will seriously have an effect on the potency, energy yield likewise because the security and reliableness of the whole PV plant, if not detected and corrected quickly. Additionally, if some faults persist (e.g. arc fault, ground fault and line-to-line fault) they will cause risk of fireside. Fault detection and diagnosing strategies are indispensable for the system reliableness, operation at high potency, and safety of the PV plant. During this paper, the categories and causes of PV systems failures are given, then totally different strategies planned in literature for Fault detection and diagnosing of PV systems are reviewed and discussed; notably faults occurring in PV arrays. Special attention is paid to strategies that may accurately discover, localize and classify doable faults occurring during a PV arrays. The benefits and limits of Fault detection and diagnosing strategies in terms of practicable, complexity, cost-effectiveness and generalization capability for large-scale integration are highlighted.

Read More...

In the recent times there is a huge environmental changes leading to global warming which intern leads to the raise in the water level around the globe causing huge rainfall, flood. In the recent event happened in the states of Karnataka, Maharashtra caused a huge loss of lives due to heavy rainfall and flood. In order to avoid these situation implementing the proposed paper to save the people from danger caused due to flood which causes the huge destruction of the property every year. In the proposed paper it has been designed as early flood warning system, which consists of field unit which is placed along the river banks and to the dam. The above field unit consists of various sensors which continuously keep monitoring the data, the above data is compared with reference data stored in the database and based on the above instance, data decision will be taken and the respected alert will be given to the people.

Read More...

The main objective of this paper is to build a Brain control wheelchair for patient of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS).The method are used in this project is the Brain computer interface(BCI),which enables direct communication between the brain and electric wheelchair. The best method for recording the brain’s activity is electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG signal also known as brainwaves signal. The device that used for capturing the EEG signal is the Brain sensing headset. This headset is able to transmit the EEG signals wirelessly via Bluetooth to the microcontroller. By the using microcontroller software. The EEG signal are processed and converted into mental command, obtained the output electrical signal is sent out to the electrical wheelchair to perform the desired movement.

Read More...

Encoded signal preparing has pulled in significant research interests. Versatile separating can be actualized in the encoded area dependent on the homomorphic properties of a cryptosystem, and a composite sign portrayal strategy can be utilized to diminish the size of scrambled information and calculation multifaceted nature. So we can utilize the new approach of the paper proposes a novel plan of versatile coding for encoded dark pictures. Despite the fact that there have been a great deal of takes a shot at adaptable coding of decoded pictures, the versatile coding of encoded information has not been accounted for. In the encryption period of the proposed conspire, the pixel esteems are totally disguised with the goal that an aggressor cannot get any factual data of a unique picture. At that point, the encoded information are decayed into a few sections, and each part is compacted as a piece stream. At the collector side with the cryptographic key, the chief substance with higher goals can be recreated when more piece streams are gotten.

Read More...

The use of robots in industries for enhanced productivity of systems is highly recommended due to their high accuracy, heavy load carrying capacity and better repeatability. However, with the advancement in technology, a large number of robots are available to perform desired operations which make the selection of robots among a large variety of available alternatives a complicated task. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are efficient and well-organized scientific techniques that are used to resolve this kind of problem. Several MCDM techniques can be used to solve the robot selection problem. However, this work intends to explore two MCDM methods named criteria Importance through Inter criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method and Range of Value (ROV) method to solve the robot selection problem. CRITIC is a less explored MCDM method and therefore it is used in this work to compute weights of the decision criteria. Subsequently, ROV, a relatively lesser enucleated MCDM method, is employed in this work to rank available robots. A sample problem taken from the literature is solved using these methods and the ranks so obtained are compared with those reported in the literature. The result so obtained shows an implementation of CRITIC and ROV method is easy as well as efficient to solve the robot selection problem.

Read More...

Crop yield is reduced by mainly due to attack of pests, diseases and weed. Chemical control is the popular method adopted for controlling most insects, weed and diseases. The chemicals are applied either by spraying, sprinkling or on the crop with help of pump or dusting. Spraying is one of the most effective and efficient techniques for applying small volume of spray liquid to protect crops. In conventional methods, manually operated low and high volume hydraulic sprayer and power operated hydraulic sprayer with long boom, long lances or spray gun are used to carry fluid at different targets. In this method, the time and labor required is more. It is difficult to spray the pesticide uniformly and effectively throughout the tree by conventional method of spraying. Though this method gives good pest control, it consumes large volume of liquid per plant, great amount of time and labor are required. Also drip losses are more. The normal farmers does not follows the instructions provided on the seals of pesticides and insecticides and due to these reasons the accidents happens. This machine will help to the normal farmer to spray pesticides and insecticides of crops without any human interception or human effort. Just use a mobile phone or a tablet to control the machine through the Bluetooth link.

Read More...

As apperceive the current generation is with equal rights, where every woman and man is taking the identical accountability in their respective field. Hence women are giving equal competition after men in all fields; they are assigned works in each even and peculiar shift. But in between each unmarried day women and younger females from all walks of existence are being assaulted, molested, and raped. The sole idea haunting every female in thoughts is after they will have the capability to move freely on the streets even in ordinary hours without concern about their protection. Due to these motives, girls cannot step out effortlessly from their homes. Females wont peregrinate insecure or helpless inside the event that they have bought some sorts of safety units with them. So, the introduction of a smart system is that linked with a couple of components that continually communicate with a smartphone that has to get right of entry to the internet. That gadget additionally ensures to supply self-defense application which avails her to flee indispensable situations.

Read More...

Nowadays, with the fast development of mobile computing and thus the technology market, the mobile app becomes is that the most well-liked. Within the mobile App market rankings ask fraud as deceptive or duplicate actions intended to push apps into the popularity list. For seniority on leader-boards they cheat the app by downloading the app through various devices and provide fake ratings and reviews using human teams and bot farms. A higher rank on leader-boards usually results in download and million-dollar revenue so we will undergo some technology for each application to look at fraud within the app. During this paper on our project "security and features level assessment for mobile applications," we provide a full view of ranking fraud and develop a ranking fraud detection system for mobile Apps. We firstly determine the ranking fraud by mining the active sessions, namely leading sessions of mobile Apps. To finding a ranking by this sort of leading sessions are often beneficial. During this investigation the precision of deceptive actions in ranking, the performance of the proposed system and show the scalability of the detection algorithm.

Read More...

MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is an independent network of mobile nodes that can have connected to each other to design an instant network without using any of the infrastructure where each node can function not only as end node, but also work as a router. These nodes are also able to move & establish themselves in a network and change their location frequently. To provides the varying topology different routing algorithm are required. In this work, an effort that has been made to analyze the performance constraint of 2 distance-vector routing protocols of MANET: DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing). As per the observations, the variances in the protocol mechanism derive to substantial performance distinctions of both protocols. The attainment of the discussed protocols be contingent on the accessibility of strong implementations, which allow both real time test cots & non-real time simulation. Routing in mobile ad hoc network is non-trivial because of extremely vigorous environment. In recent years, many routing protocols are beleaguered at mobile ad hoc networks are actually offered & noticeable amongst them are: DSDV & DSR. The performance evaluation of these routing protocols in view of all the features that should be obsessed by routing protocols, is the important phase concerning the development for novel routing protocol. This thesis does have the in depth comprehensive analysis of routing protocols using simulation tool NS - 2.

Read More...

We have selected this UDP project “In-pipe Inspection Robot for Gas line Application” to provide more safety to the workers or the employees working in the industries/refineries. The main objective of this project is to provide a safer way for the workers to inspect the pipes in the industries. By the use of this robot, the workers/employees will be able to inspect the pipe with greater accuracy, also the inspection time will be greatly reduced. And as the robot will do the inspection, the mistakes will likewise be disposed of with many degrees. Our robot will be controlled by the operator away from the inspection site. So, there will be safety given to the operator as well as the inspection will be done in no time. Our robot has a four-bar mechanism which enables our robot to go in variable size pipes. This robot will be equipped with sensors so that it helps the operator for further work and so better results will be obtained. Thus, scheduled inspection will help keep an eye on pipes health. Therefore, it gives a better inspection.

Read More...

The term sustainable power source alludes to vitality sources that are in nature and are restored in entire or to some degree, specifically, the vitality of conduits, wind, non-collected sun based vitality, biomass, geothermal vitality, etc. The utilization of these sources adds to the more effective utilization of their own possibilities in vitality creation, decrease of ozone depleting substance outflows, decrease of petroleum product imports, improvement of nearby industry and occupation creation. Sustainable power source advancements are perfect, which have a substantially less natural effect than regular vitality advances. At present one of the bearings of vitality sparing in the mechanical and social areas is the presentation of in fact and financially achievable vitality sparing measures and sustainable power sources (RES). In any case, it is regularly difficult to validate the adequacy of presenting sustainable power sources sensibly. This is because of the way that the examination ought to be directed in states of indistinguishable work and crude materials assets, climatic conditions, and so on. In sustainable power source power frameworks, vitality the executives is required for cross breed framework along with administrative control unit, control the activity method of the framework and the progression of intensity likewise gives the ideal activity of control units which has a place with every vitality source.

Read More...

Health is one of the most integral parts of human life. Health has been one of the most widely researched topics ever since the dawn of mankind and it has been improved to a large degree through the implementation of the technological advancements made by humans. Technology has been utilized to make it easier for doctors to diagnose and treat a certain patient with the utmost accuracy and of the diagnosis. For this purpose, most of the developed nations utilize the Public Health Records or the PHR platform that records the medical history of the patient along with the various treatments offered to the patient. This helps streamline the approach and mitigate the effects of the disease. The problem arises when the patient goes to a new doctor or a medical institute, where his/her data is not present. For this purpose, the doctor is facilitated with the data vendors that provide the data to the doctor according to the parameters by the doctor. But due to the personal nature of the records and the lack of trust between the Data vendor and the data provider it becomes a difficult task. Therefore, the proposed methodology outlines an effective and secure approach towards the sharing of the PHR data through the utilization of the blockchain platform. The proposed methodology utilizes Linear clustering and Fuzzy Artificial Neural Networks along with the Distribution Factor Estimation for effective and secure implementation of the access control mechanism for the PHR Data.

Read More...

As we all know vehicle theft is arguably the fastest growing type of crime in India. Some urban areas see over 100 vehicles stolen every day, and the figures arenot much better for those living in rural regions. While a majority of stolen vehicles are motorcycles and scooters, an increasingly large percentage of cars and trucks are being taken. Perhaps most notably, only a relatively small number of drivers in most Indian cities have access to anti-theft technologies [1]. To stop these crimes we have invented our project with the new technology including RFID , GPS and GSM receiver , so that we can get the exact location of vehicle and able to stop the engine.

Read More...

Rivers are getting contaminated due to waste disposal from with the rapid development in the field of agriculture, urbanization and industrial development. The river water contamination with domestic and municipal sewage disposal, leaching of fertilizers, agricultural runoff and industrial effluents is becoming a common phenomenon. A laboratory study was conducted to watch the physicochemical characteristics of water samples of Kham River for a period of ten months during July 2010 to April 2012.The analysis was done for the parameters like Temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides and total alkalinity. The observed values of varied physicochemical parameters of water samples were compared with standard values. This research work shows that the water quality of Kham River is deteriorated possibly due to the increased human activities and improper release of industrial effluents.

Read More...

To achieve high heat transfer rate in an existing or new heat exchanger while taking care of the increased pumping power, several techniques have been proposed in recent years. Twisted tapes-a type of passive heat transfer augmentation techniques have shown significantly good results in past studies. There has been a considerable amount of research in the area of heat transfer enhancement available in the form of experimental results. Our main objectives are, to design an experimental setup for convective heat transfer. To fabricate experimental setup.

Read More...

The purpose of this lc fertilizer spreader machine. When the machine is in forward direction then front side of arm make whole on land surface after that feed is drops is in this wholes. In that case this created whole close by back side arm. The fertilizer falls from container up to control knob which is rotate by motor. This knobs rotation is use for to control the feed, and then feed is out from "Y" shape output tubes. All movement of machine is control by arduino on the basis of incoming signal from mobile/tab.

Read More...

Flying Ad hoc Network (FANET) communication is one of the popular areas of research area in these days. The Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) is an infrastructure less network consisting of mobile nodes. FANET is a self configuring network and the topology of the network keeps on changing as the nodes move randomly and organize themselves in an arbitrarily manner. Moreover, due to the low altitude of UAVs, short-range wireless links lead to substantial performance improvement over the high-altitude wireless links. In addition, performance can further be improved with jointly designed adaptive communications with a UAV mobility model. For example, when a UAV experiences good communication channel with the ground station, the speed to sustain wireless connectivity is reduced. Routing is the one of the important factor to recognize the network performance. In this paper the focus is on only survey of FANET communication possibility through multiple as well as single antenna. Routing mechanism will adaptively select routes using minimum cost routing and reputation routing schemes based on network condition to keep the network lifetime and maintain the ratio of successfully delivered packets. The survey is presents the survey of routing protocol to identified which kind of work is done in this field to improve and the performance of routing protocol.`

Read More...

In current world where technology is growing day by day and scientific researchers are presenting new era of discoveries, the need for security is also increasing in all areas. At present, the vehicle usage is basic necessity for everyone. Simultaneously, protecting the vehicle against theft is also very important. In present situation vehicle checking is huge trouble to the people with regard to license, Insurance and PUC. To prevent non-licenses from driving and to reduce the number of accidents, a new system is proposed. An important and very reliable identification method is RFID license code based authentication for driving and Helmet scanning with QR code. This system consists of RFID license in which license number of a particular person, Aadhar number. RFID number is converted in the form of RFID code along with the vehicle details like vehicle number, insurance and PUC details. Vehicle should have a RFID code reader that is RFID scanner using Arduino capable of reading the codes a license. A person who wants to drive the vehicle, should show the RFID license in the vehicle and after verification of RFID code with the vehicle and Helmet scanning is done with their unique code, user can proceed for ignition, if user is not owner of that vehicle then firstly he should get access of drive that vehicle from owner of that vehicle else code does not match with particular vehicle, ignition will not work. It increases the security of vehicles and also ensures safe driving by preventing accidents. The system implementation ensures that license is mandatory for who want to drive and to avoid driving with expired license.

Read More...

The need of present industrial industries are 3-D component of complex shapes possessing extraordinary properties nano-Ievel surface finish and having miniature features because of development of new materials which are difficult to machine no traditional methods fulfill such demand. Precision finishing and machining complex geometry is difficult to control, labour intensive and hence always a big concern, If traditional methods may use to achieve same needs it require large labour and expensive equipments which make the process economically unimportant. There are no traditional methods which meet such industrial demand, so to develop the some advanced manufacturing processes is of utmost importance of present manufacturing scenario. Some of advanced manufacturing processes like AJM, EDM. USM, LBM. And ECM are widely used to Machine such hard materials. Many new methods have been developed for obtaining super finished surfaces one of them is Magnetorheological Fluid Finishing (MRFF), In MRFF, the magnetic field controls the grinding force. The magnetic rheological fluid (MR fluid) governs the material removal and it is composed of mainly Carbonyl Iron particles (CIP). Carrier fluids, abrasives. Nano metric- scale finishing can be achieved by using this process. MR fluid acts as a flexible tool in the MRFF process to provide the finishing action. Here a setup for MRFF application has been developed using the pillar drilling machine available in the workshop. Using design of experiments technique. Experiments have been planned to be conducted and obtain the data required for statistical analysis in Minitab software. The present study shows that the maximum percentage of surface improvement is obtained in flat-Cu work piece. The parameters which play a major role in improvement of surface roughness are rotational speed. Magnetic poles arrangement, duration of experiment and MR fluid composition. The surface roughness improvement also depends on hardness and geometry of the work piece. In the present work experimental results are compared with experimental result and it is found that both come in micron range.

Read More...

Concrete-filled double skin composite tube columns are special columns in which concrete is sandwiched between two tube structures. The outer tube is made of steel and the inner tube is PVC. Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structure offers numerous structural benefits, and has been widely used in civil engineering structures. A numerical study of the behaviour of CFDSCT members under axially compressive loads using ABAQUS, where nonlinear material behaviour and strain rates of steel and concrete are included. The finite element analysis (FEA) models of CFDSCT members are described and verified using existing experimental results. A parametric study investigating the influence of different radius-to- thickness ratio, hollow section ratio, thickness of PVC-U pipe of the column under axially compressive load. The result shows that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and the finite element analysis data.

Read More...

Cigarette butts are commonly found litter worldwide. These littered butts are potential sources for environmental contamination. Environmental hazards may arise in areas where there is considerable amount of cigarette litter. This is due to leaching of chemicals from filters and smoked tobacco. Not many who smoke realize that a cigarette butt is made of cellulose acetate, a plastic filter that is not biodegradable and can be around harming the environment for years once discarded. Solid waste like cigarette butt which is creating environmental problems, used in various applications such as bitumen mixture, toy making, clay bricks and other usable materials due to its low cost and easy availability. The present research work gives the method for treating the cigarette butt in which cigarette butt is mixed with solvent and washed with water. The pure form of cellulose acetate then used to make a porous membrane which is wound around a rotating steel cage to make a reactor. The treated water is checked for standard parameters. The reactor is able to reduce BOD, COD and Suspended Solids. The waste produced by cleaning the cigarette butt is reused for the decomposition of compost or the pesticide or fertilizer in Agricultural field based on the characteristics of the waste solvent.

Read More...

The origin and continuation of mankind is based on water. Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. However, about 97% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans, and a tiny 3% is fresh water. This small percentage of the earth’s water—which supplies most of human and animal needs—exists in ground water, lakes and rivers. The only nearly inexhaustible sources of water are the oceans, which, however, are of high salinity. It would be feasible to address the water-shortage problem with seawater desalination; however, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment. Therefore, there is a need to employ environmentally-friendly energy sources in order to desalinate seawater. Desalination is a process of removing dissolved salts from seawater to produce fresh water for consumption. After a historical introduction into desalination, this paper covers a large variety of systems used to convert seawater into fresh water suitable for human use. It also covers a variety of systems, which can be used to harness renewable energy sources There are two major types of desalination technologies around the world, namely membrane desalination and thermal desalination. The former technology features the use of a special filter (membrane) to produce desalinated water, whereas the latter technology involves the boiling/evaporation of seawater to give off water vapour which, on condensation, yields salt-free liquid water. Only industrially-tested desalination systems are included in this paper and they comprise the phase change processes, which include the multistage flash, multiple effect boiling and vapour compression and membrane processes, which include reverse osmosis and electro dialysis. Reverse osmosis ("RO") is a predominant form of membrane desalination. For thermal desalination, the most commonly adopted technologies are multi-stage flash evaporation ("MSF") and multi-effect distillation ("MED"). RO is currently the most widely used method for desalination. In 2012, it accounted for 63% of the desalination production capacity worldwide, followed by MSF (23%) and MED (8%).The paper also includes a review of various systems that use for desalination. Finally, some general guidelines are given for selection of desalination and the parameters that need to be considered.

Read More...

The challenging image method is to view patient with high-risk vulnerable plaque. To identify intraplaque haemorrhage, vasa vasorum and luminal thrombi rupture. Many non-stenotic lesions undergo "expansion", and it leads to myocardial infarction (heart attack). Hence, we investigate the proposed technique for coronary atherosclerosis to develop an effective image segmentation method such as extraction of aterial lumen in centreline, segmentation of the lumen & wall. Using CT angiographic image Morphological operators such as dilation and erosion takes out the unwanted background. The physical properties such as the fluid flow rate, coronary wall shear stress, thickness, type of plaque identified using COMSOL/MATLAB. Finally, results assist the risk factors of a heart attack at various stages.

Read More...

The complementary data of a targeted organ captures with the help of medical imaging such as MRI and CT scan. In order to obtain a better diagnosis and treatment of a patient, the necessary data integrates into a single image. Image fusion combines useful or complementary information from multiple images into a single image. The technique of medical imaging produces an internal representation of organs for further treatments and analysis process. A proposed called new pixel-level fusion algorithm used. The key idea in our proposed method to get sharpens images. By using the details of sharpened images, the weight calculated for fusion purpose. This algorithm consists of two significant steps. (A) First step: obtain the detail layer images using box filters. (B) Second step: fuse the detail images using a fusion rule based on image statistics. In this paper, we have established effective results using mat lab software.

Read More...

Kingpins are used in various steering systems to automobiles front axle. The current work studies the various researches conducted in optimizing design and material of front axle using numerical and experimental techniques to minimize vibration, fatigue failure and improve strength. The study also includes manufacturing process involved, stresses generated using FEA software in analysis of structural behaviour of front axle.

Read More...