Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are being applied to an increasing number of real-world problems of considerable complexity. ANN represents a technology that is rooted in many disciplines: neuroscience, mathematics, statistics, physics, computer science and engineering. This Paper is an effort to highlight the scope for using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the branch of environmental engineering. This paper tries to give basic concept of ANNs, general approach for neural network modelling and presents the study of development of neural network prediction models using neural network software.

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Insecticides, herbicides and rodenticides, the most widely used chemical pesticide are considered acutely dangerous to human being. The pollution of soil and water bodies by pesticides used in agriculture can pose an important threat to aquatic ecosystems and drinking water resources. Pesticides enter in surface and ground water bodies primarily as washout from crops where its application is prevalent. Pesticides are also used on golf courses, forested areas, along roadsides, and in suburban and urban landscape areas. As the chemical pesticide percolate through the soil zones and reaches the ground water body, the degradation of ground water quality starts and sometimes attains to such a label which is considered objectionable with regards to drinking water standards. The study carried out in Bisrakh block of Gautam Budh Nagar, Loni block of Ghaziabad district and Khekhra block of Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh reveals that the ground water is affected due to application of pesticides in these areas. In Bisrakh block of GautamBudh Nagar the pesticide residue Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α and β) were localized and the highest Total HCH value being 0.000149 μg/l (Salarpur). The DDT metabolites i.e. 4,4’ –DDT was also localized with the highest value 0.000125 μg/l was recorded in Hosiyarpur. However, Chlorpyrifos was present in 67% samples with the highest value 0.005371 μg/l, in Hoshiyarpur. Aldrin has been detected in 17% of water samples. Similarly in Loni block of Ghaziabad district and Khekhra block of Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh the pesticide residue Hexachlorocyclohexane ( HCH ) isomers ( α, β, γ and δ ) were localized and the highest Total HCH value being 0.00715 μg/l (Banthala of Loni block). The DDT metabolites i.e. 4,4’ –DDT& 2,4’-DDE were also localized with the highest value 0.00008 μg/l & 0.1762 μg/l were recorded in Firozpur and Alipur of Khekhra block respectively.. Aldrin has been detected only in 2% of water samples. The Chlorpyrifos was also present in 25% samples with the highest value 0.00359 μg/l in Firozpur village of khekhra block of Baghpat district. The traces of pesticides occurrences in ground water with varying concentration and distribution though presently not alarming, may well be related to their application.

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Internal combustion engine produces a large amount of harmful gases like CO2, SO2 etc. which pollute the environment and causes global warming and it consumes enormous non-renewable energy. So today every country is in search of alternative source of energy and there is couple of alternate source of energy such as solar power, tidal power, geo-thermal power, etc. and one of them is compressed air. The air engine runs on air only, no fossil fuel. The maximum pressure used is 8 bars. The project was successfully carried out and tested. This technology is cheaper in cost and maintenance and it does not cause any kind of harm to the environment. Thus the compressed air engine will play vital role in reducing air pollution and also in reducing temperature of earth.

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As elderly population increases day by day partaking demands are also increasing. Hence patient health monitoring system is gaining importance these days. This is based on monitoring of patients. We have designed and developed a reliable, energy efficient patient monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patients health parameters (temp, heartbeat, ECG, position) in real time. In the current proposed system, the patient health is continuously monitored using different sensors which are connected to the Arduino Uno. And the acquired data is send to the server using Ethernet shield attached to the Arduino Uno. If any of the parameter values goes beyond the threshold value an alert is given to the doctor using an Android application installed in the doctors Smartphone.

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The main objective of pneumatic material handling system is to develop effective and efficient solution of carrying a goods over the stairs, while shifting a heavy load to upstairs. The conventional hand trolley reduces its effectiveness over stairs and uneven surfaces. Pneumatic stair climbing trolley easily handles heavy load of material, due to reciprocating action of double acting pneumatic actuator trolley easily climb over the stairs. This trolley gives satisfactory results for the load of material up to 70kg. The need of such system in all the places like libraries, hospitals, apartments and many other places where material handling over the stairs is major concern. The use of this stair climbing material handling system requires less human effort as compared to the conventional way of handling of material. It also ensures the safety of labour and minimize the time of material handling.

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The Information technology has its applications in smart home building which is a house which caters and monitors the certain phenomena’s. Its use can be cogently and overtly seen in monitoring the environment, regulate the electric appliances & communication with the world outside. Smart home has a casual plurality which makes it a complex technology at its base and can be out rightly seen in its toddler age. The highly diffentiation and complexity of emerging world makes the daily life hard and out of the blue variation which in turn makes daily life uncomfortable. A smart home automation system meets these daily challenging tasks & secures a comfortable life & performs mundane tasks. Therefore the automation driven world by the means of smart home obtains habitable and comfortable environment. This paper addresses a sample house environment and control system which is one of the branches of smart home. LAB-VIEW software has been developed in the system which acts as a security guard of the home. Certain environment factors such as temperature, humidity, lighting, fire and burglar alarm, gas density of the house and have infrared senior to ensure the family security. The equipments vested in the house can be monitored & regulated from any place in the world through internet connection .The use of LAB-VIEW in order to implement multiplatform control system for house automation has been addressed in the paper. Such sort of system belongs to a branch commonly named smart house system. The approach is a blend of hardware and software technology system. The investigation & final result of the system have revealed that it can be overtly used for the smart home automation.

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Modifications of construction materials have an important bearing on the building sector. Several attempts have been therefore made in the building material industry to put to use waste material products, e.g., worn-out tyres, into useful and cos effective items. This Waste - Tyre rubber is the significant environmental problems worldwide. With the increase in the automobile production, large amounts of waste tyre need to be disposed. Due the rapid depletion of available sites for waste disposal, many countries banned the disposal of waste tyre rubber in landfills. Research had been in progress for long time to find alternatives to the waste tyre disposal. Among these alternatives is the recycling of waste-tyre rubber. Recycled waste tyre rubber is a most widely used method. Recycle wasted Tyre Rubber is a promising material in the construction industry due to its light weight, elasticity energy absorption, sound and heat insulating properties. Success in this regard will contribute to the reduction of waste material dumping problems by utilizing the waste materials as raw material for other products. The present proposal involves a comprehensive laboratory study for the newer application of this waste material in the preparation of fibrous concrete. The primary objective of investigation is to study the strength behaviour i.e. compressive and flexural strength, of rubberized concrete with different volume of waste- Tyre rubber. Parameter to be varied in Investigation: I. Volume variation of waste rubber. In this the density and compressive strength of concrete utilizing waste tyre rubber has been investigated. The proposed work is aimed to study the effect of volume variation of waste-Tyre rubber on the compressive strength, flexural strength, Slump test & the relationship between stress and strain of the concrete. Recycled waste tyre rubber has been used in this study to replace the coarse aggregate by weight of 15%. The results shows that although, there was a significant reduction in the compressive strength of concrete utilizing waste tyre rubber than normal concrete, concrete utilizing waste tyre rubber demonstrated a ductile, plastic failure rather than brittle failure. In this study we use to find out the compressive strength &flexural strength of concrete by the replacement of coarse aggregate by waste-Tyre rubber in normal concrete in grade of M30.

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Underground cables are prone to a wide variety of faults due to underground conditions, wear and tear, rodents etc. Diagnosing fault source is difficult and entire cable should be taken out from the ground to check and fix faults. The project work is intended to detect the location of fault in underground cable lines from the base station in km using a PIC16F877A controller. To locate a fault in the cable, the cable must be tested for faults. This prototype uses the simple concept of Ohms law. The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the cable. In the urban areas, the electrical cables run in underground instead of overhead lines. Whenever the fault occurs in underground cable it is difficult to detect the exact location of the fault for process of repairing that particular cable. The proposed system finds the exact location of the fault. The prototype is modelled with a set of resistors representing cable length in km and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known distance to cross check the accuracy of the same. In case of fault, the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to an ADC to develop precise digital data to a programmed PIC IC that further displays fault location in distance. The fault occurring distance, phase, and time is displayed on a LCD display interfaced with the microcontroller. IoT is used to display the information over Internet using the Wi-Fi module ESP8266.A webpage is created using HTML coding and the information about occurrence of fault is displayed in a webpage. Here the current sensing of circuits made with a combination of resistors is interfaced to micro controller with the help of internally inbuilt ADC for providing the digital data to microcontroller. The fault sensing circuit is made with the combination of set of series resistors &the set of switches alongside each resistor. The relays are controlled by the relay driver. A LCD display is connected to the microcontroller to display the information of phase/phases and location of fault in kilometers

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Indeterminate prestressed concrete bridges include continuous and rigid frame bridges. They are mainly constructed by cantilever construction. The prestressing forces, which are introduced in consecutive stages, will be subjected to gradual change due to creep and shrinkage of concrete and stress relaxation of prestressing steel. The analysis of the prestress loss and associated deformations becomes more involved when the concrete segments are joined to form a statically indeterminate structure. Time-dependent statically indeterminate forces gradually develop, causing further stress redistribution in the bridge. The bridge has to be analyzed for time-dependent effects at each stage to estimate the deformation. The present paper presents a review of long term deformation in prestresses concrete bridges.

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Big information may be a outstanding term that characterizes the development and handiness of knowledge all told 3 formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure information is found associate exceedingly in a very fastened field of a record or file and it is gift within the relative information bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured file includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this huge information idea is to explain the acute volume of knowledge sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is additional outlined with 3 “V” dimensions particularly Volume, rate and selection, and 2 additional “V” conjointly extra i.e. Value and Veracity. Volume denotes the scale of knowledge, rate depends upon the speed of the information process, selection is represented with the categories of the information, price that derives the business value and truthfulness describes concerning the standard of the information| and data comprehensibility. Nowadays, huge information has become distinctive and most popular analysis areas within the field of engineering. Many open analysis issues square measure out there in huge information and smart solutions conjointly been planned by the researchers even if there is a requirement for development of the many new techniques and algorithms for giant information analysis so as to urge optimum solutions. In this paper, an in depth study concerning huge information, its basic ideas, history, applications, technique, analysis problems and tools square measure mentioned.

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The attractive capabilities of cloud computing many groups are using cloud garage for storing their crucial information. The facts may be stored remotely within the cloud with the aid of the users and can be accessed using thin clients as and while required. One of the predominant difficulty in cloud nowadays is statistics protection in cloud computing. Storage of facts inside the cloud can be risky because of use of Internet through cloud primarily based offerings because of this much less control over the stored facts. One of the fundamental situation in cloud is how can we seize all the benefits of the cloud even as preserving security controls over the businesses property. Our purpose is to propose a greater reliable, decentralized mild weight key management technique for cloud structures which presents greater efficient statistics protection and key management in cloud structures. Our proposed method presents better protection towards byzantine failure, server colluding and facts modification attacks.

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This paper indicates that blockchain technology based solutions are an existing and proven set of technologies, where it has already been proven that the source of food items can be identified in seconds where previous processes required days and weeks of effort. Second, we also describe how blockchain based supply chain provenance information has many more benefits than its current use for food safety and product recalls. Consumers are willing to pay premium prices for food based on reliable supply chain information that matches the consumers expectations and values. Costs related to blockchain technology based solution development and implementation will be relatively small in comparison to revenues generated through increased market share by organizations providing useful information to consumers, and other stakeholders in the food supply chain. Third, we recommend that costs for development of blockchain based solutions should also be distributed across stakeholders, and apportioned by the relevant industry associations. Widespread access to distributed energy requires new demands on the decentralization of power system transactions. Block chain technology, as a reliable underlying bookkeeping and information storage technology, can effectively break through the bottleneck of current energy transactions, broaden the application prospect of multienergy complementary control technologies, realize the integration of panoramic information in the energy transaction process, and solve the current personal Security issues in energy trading, usage and security ethics in cryptocurrebcies etc.

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A lot of water is used and lot of wastewater generated from industries due their processes and washing purpose. A large number of chemicals are used for the production of potable water and in the treatment of wastewater effluents. Potable water treatment chemicals such as inorganic salts and polymeric organic coagulants are used for primary coagulation, as coagulant aids and for sludge dewatering; lime and soda ash allowed for pH correction and water stabilization; Ca(OH)2 is used for pH adjustment, powdered activated carbon (PAC) can remove taste and odour compounds and micro pollutants. dyes and pigment manufacturing industrial waste water having high NH3 –N of 5712mg/L and COD of 42000mg/L. Flocculation in chemical treatments by Ca(OH)2, increasing the PH has provided a most favourable condition for waste water treatment. Then coagulation is done by chemicals with Polly-Aluminium Chloride and Fentons Reagent and find an optimal and economic treatment method Coagulation is one of the most important physicochemical operations used in water, and wastewater treatment can be achieved by chemical and electrical means Coagulation and flocculation occur in successive steps intended to overcome the forces stabilizing the suspended particles, allowing particle collision and growth of floc. Coagulation has been defined as the addition of a positively charged ion of metal salt or catalytic polyelectrolyte that results in particle destabilization and charge neutralization. Coagulation targets the colloid particles of size 10-7 to 10-14 cm in diameter. The colloid particles exhibit Brownian movement through the water; their surface is negatively charged so they repel one another, and they form a stable dispersed suspension. The main object of review is focused on research work done as well as the basic concept behind treatment and application by the researcher on different industrys waste-water treatment.

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RDF (Resource Description Framework) is idea of making statement about resource in expressions of the from subject-object-predicate known as triples. Encourage the providing of metadata about internet resource and software that exploit metadata will be easier and faster produce. We introduce an RDF archive indexing technique that able to store dataset with a low storage overhead by compressing consecutive version and adding metadata for reducing lookup time. We focus on data storage techniques and indexing strategies. Moreover, we provide a classification of existing systems and approaches. Our storage techniques reduce the query evolution time for version queries through a prepressing step. During ingestion which only in some case increased storage space when compare to other approach storage system typically use indexing and compression techniques for reducing query time and storage space and maintaining history of datasets. The evolution of our ostrich implementation shows that this technique offers a new trade off in term of ingestion time, storage time and look up times. RFD represents a main ingredient and data representation format for Linked Data and the Semantic Web.

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To make earthquake resistant structure nowadays has become a trend for provision in building to get safe and durable structure to resist critical loading. But having taken the steadiness of building into consideration it is one of the typical steps to be considered in building design. Providing circling column needs proper care and strength to make suitable design for free implementation of loading. It is overlooked in multi-storeyed building to have floating column if they are in seismic resistant areas. Structural Engineers keep on modifying structures to get best utilization of the structure as much as possible. So, they keep on changing the structural elements for proper loading pattern and to know how they can decrease the amount of material needed for construction to make economic structure. Designs are made best in their look and complex in their structure to get new features and make great changes. Changes are made with time to time if it is found that design is good and follow all the rules of design and is applicable practically. In addition to this, researchers keep on changing to get new results and to compare them with existing ones. If it is found that the design is suitable and is done according to design standards. It is put under the process of experts who then go in detail to know the processes and if found up to mark. Then they give approval for its application. Various IIT’s are trying to take this field on another level by making some revolutionary changes. Some processes are undergoing in process which include replacement of construction material with waste products to maintain ecological balance.

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From the industrial requirement, there are many types of roof trusses used for industrial shed. In this paper, four types of trusses are selected for comparative analysis i.e. fan truss, fink truss, Howe truss, Pratt truss. These selected trusses have tested in STAAD Pro V8i. Selected types of truss are designed for same span, same loading and same sectional properties for different geometry. In the present study, analytical result of four different steel trusses models are compared using STAAD Pro V8i. Comparison of different parameters has been made in the form of graphical representation. The present paper shows the comparative graph of shear force, bending moment, displacement, support reaction and sectional weight against loading action and weight of all four models. The results are compared to obtain the economical and most efficient truss model.

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with every enhancement in Internet in terms of speed and bandwidth, IoT (Internet of Things) is taking the market on a new node and knocking the door with new opportunities of inventions. This paper talks about an energy saving electrical device surveillance and control system based on IoT. A large amount of energy is consumed by lightning appliances, so making improved efficiency and quick fault detection is a significant challenge. In this work, two different model approaches are followed depending on the nature of application. For small areas or confined premises IEEE802.11 wireless technology is used where all the appliances are connected to a common Wi-Fi network.

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Day by day the importance of net and wireless technologies has been hugely will increase. The various wireless technologies square measure along to produce the consistent property to the users. Once the user moves from the vary of 1 wireless space network to a different wireless space network football play can get happens. Handoff may be a vital of wireless mobile communication. The football play algorithms offer gain, quality of signal (QOS). The 2 major issues square measure arising in football play, supernumerary incidence of football play and football play failure. To avert these problems, associate rule has to be enforced to attenuate the supernumerary football plays and handoff failures. Movement distance prediction primarily based rule presents during this paper that minimizes the supernumerary football plays and handoff failures once the mobile terminal senses the network of any wireless technology. This rule minimizes the supernumerary football play and failures of football play whenever prognostic movement distance in Wi-Fi (Wireless-Fidelity) cell smaller than the brink worth. Theoretical and simulation analysis of the rule shows that, movement distance prediction primarily based rule minimizes the chance of the incidence of supernumerary football play.

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Construction is one of the most iterative processes that keep executing due to the large-scale development happening all over the world. Aggressive development has led to the considerable increase in the velocity of construction. This increase in the construction has led to various consequences that have been afflicted due to this practice, such as the creation of a lot waste. Most of the waste is due to the malpractices and the inability in achieving effective organization and planning for waste management and disposal. Therefore, for this purpose a collection of related works have been analysed. The analysis revealed that most of the techniques have not been able to effectively address the issue of construction waste creation and management in an effective manner. Therefore, in this research an innovative approach towards the management of the construction waste is achieved through the use of machine learning paradigms. The proposed methodology implements Fuzzy C-means clustering and Linear Selection along with Artificial Neural Networks and Decision Tree to achieve construction waste management effectively.

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