In comparison to traditional metals and alloys, the alloys of aluminium are broadly utilized in the aerospace and car sectors because of its properties such as improved wear and corrosion resistance, low thermal coefficient of expansion, low density, and superior mechanical properties, etc. From a scientific and technological standpoint, these materials' exceptional mechanical properties and moderately low costs of production make them much appealing alternative for various applications. The major goal of the research here is to improve aluminium composites' mechanical properties by adding silicon carbide and iron to them using a sand casting technique. Pure aluminium may readily distort at low temperatures as it is less ductile and its tensile strength is poor. Small iron and silicon additives are employed to provide strength to the composite and enhance its mechanical properties and casting capability. The sand casting process is one of the earliest casting techniques and utilized since it became popular at the turn of the 20th century for aluminium alloys. Sand casting is an extremely flexible method that can create intricate castings in a variety of aluminium alloys. It is therefore employed to produce mechanically advanced composites. These composites can be used to replace aluminium in automotive, aerospace, and military applications. To construct rectangular form samples to assess their strength, the maximum weight % of aluminum, silicon, and iron has been blended in many combinations. These samples were obtained by combining the additive by 20%, 30%, and 40%, then comparing the strengths evaluated by the Rockwell hardness test and Charpy toughness test.

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Lifting mechanisms are getting the vital equipment within the case of material handling within the industries. the material handling should have to be safe and it must be flexible for the movement inside the plant. within the current project a mechanism which is developed is specially for lifting rolled metal sheet coils and metal sheet plates or pallets by using single fork system.in this mechanism we have total 2 legs and each leg have 3 forks, on 1st leg 2 forks are present at the ends and one at the center where center fork is fix with the legs. Remaining two forks are attached to leg via rods so by using rod we can move them horizontally according to dimensions. Similar system will present on 2nd leg. this both legs are attached to a over headed rod which is further attached to crane via hook. While the movement of rods which are present between legs and above the legs are controlled by the motors. this mechanism replaces a conventional chain or rope system because this reduces in the ideal time for shifting of coils or plates from one place to other place, also for loading and unloading of coil no need for extra workers which requires in case of rope or chain system. Worker’s safety is far better than the conventional system. The proposed system will single handedly doing this work with sustaining amount of load 20 ton. While the analysis of stress has been done in ANSYS.

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Heat exchangers are an integral component of any mechanical setup. Almost all of the mechanical systems employ heat exchangers for one work or the other. Hence in order to optimize the mechanical systems, it is quite necessary that heat exchangers work in an efficient manner and are efficiently optimized. That’s why heat exchangers are one of the most sought-after research areas among the researchers not only from mechanical engineering field, but also from other engineering streams. So, one can find numerous studies being conducted and published every now and then. Hence in this paper one effort has been made to present the current state of the art conceptual database related to optimization of the performance of heat exchangers. Mainly Shell and Tube heat exchangers are preferred in this paper as it is one of the most important types of heat exchangers to be used currently in industrial applications.

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This Research paper is based on the various study conducted on use of Agriculture Machines in fields and how it can be modernized or optimized further for small to medium scale farmers and also to design multipurpose agriculture equipment. Various activities are conducted by various machines in agriculture field. Also study shows that small or medium powered machines with optimum load are more economical and efficient than heavy machines. In this research paper we have also designed multipurpose equipment based on the requirements and initial concepts, which can be more economical and efficient for small to medium scale farmers.

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A chainless adjustable gear operated bicycle is a bicycle that uses a driven shaft to transmit power from the pedals to the wheel instead of a chain. In this system we used gears, shaft rod, and another two bevel gears and the hub assembly .The rider pushes the pedal which rotates the shaft rod using bevel gears. Chainless adjustable bicycle is fully enclosed, requires less maintenance and periodic lubrication through grease gun .Chainless Adjustable Bicycle is very comfortable and produces efficient transmission of power from the rider’s foot to the rear wheel. The riders footwear, pants do not get accidental damage .Cyclist of this bicycle system does not get injured because of chain bite as in this system are not present. This bicycle is useful for 4 to 6 feet person in height .In this bicycle system frame arrangement is telescopic, so we can increase or decrease the seat and handle height easily. Our modified bicycle will be drive with less effort and more power transmission with smooth and comfortable drive.

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The urban lifestyle is becoming more complex as more people relocate from villages to cities. Due to excessive traffic and a high vehicle-to-road ratio, the road's condition has deteriorated. The majority of the time, it is recognized that one of the leading causes of death is the lack of critical medical assistance in emergency situations. People die in most incidents because there isn't a proper medical facility available at the time and place. By utilizing all of the pre-installed smart sensing equipment, we can increase individual safety by assessing their location while on the go and keeping track of vehicles via SMS. The vehicle's location is sent as an SMS via GSM modem. In the event of an accident, our system will detect it and notify the nearest medical facility, which will take the necessary emergency action. GSM technology will be utilized to notify the emergency services of the accident and to request emergency assistance. In order to execute this system, an electronic gadget will be installed in each vehicle that will track the vehicular GPS information that will be received by the Emergency Services when that vehicle is involved in an accident. This system continuously tracks the car and reports whenever it is requested, as well as sending rescue alert messages in the event of an emergency situation, such as a vehicle crash. GPS module, GSM module, and accelerometer are interfaced with Arduino UNO, which functions as the controller, to construct such a system that can alert the concerned persons about the disaster. The accelerometer identifies an accident based on a change in the current value of the vehicle's orientation and sends the position via GPS module to the registered sim card via GSM module without the driver or passengers' knowledge.

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Students are going through their scholastics and seeking after their intrigued courses, because of pandemic, it is important that they must evaluate their capacities and recognize their inclinations with the goal that they will become more acquainted with in which profession region their inclinations and abilities will place them in. This will help them in improving their presentation and rousing their inclinations so they will be coordinated towards their designated vocation and get gotten comfortable that. Likewise spotters while selecting the up-and- comers in the wake of surveying them in every extraordinary viewpoint, these sort of profession recommender frameworks help them in choosing in which work job the competitor ought to be kept in dependent on his/her presentation and different assessments. This paper primarily focuses on the profession region forecast of software engineering space competitors.

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Tractor's trolley rear axle, in general, is designed to bear the total gross load of trolley under fully loaded conditions with proper factor of safety. Hence, the strain energy of the material becomes a major factor in designing such component to have permissible total deformation. In this paper, we are analysing both existing and proposed tractor's trolley rear axle with square and I – section with the combination of two different materials named as Mild Steel SAE 1040 (Exiting material) and ductile cast iron 80-55-06 (proposed material) The meshed model is taken for total deformation analysis in ANSYS Workbench 16 software. The main purpose of this paper is to make a safer working trolley axle with less stress concentration by having more total deformation within permissible limit so that an attempt has made to strengthen the previous analysis done in our previously published research paper which has been mentioned at first position in reference section of this paper.

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In the present current world, Skin Malignancy is the most widely recognized reason for death among people. Skin malignancy is strange development of skin cells. Frequently creates on body presented to the daylight, however can happen anyplace on the body. The vast majority of the skin malignant growth is treatable at beginning phase. So an early and quick identification of skin malignancy can save the patient's life. With the new innovation, early recognition of skin malignancy is conceivable at beginning stage utilizing picture preparing. The undertaking Skin Malignancy Identification utilizing picture handling utilized in the discovery of skin disease types at its most punctual. There are numerous sorts of Skin Malignancy found. It is hard to recognize the sort of Skin Malignancy at the prior stage, Manual distinguishing proof can regularly be tedious and off base. Specialists can recognize the side effects of Skin Disease yet incapable to distinguish the sort of Skin Malignant growth in the underlying stage. So the Specialists will stand by until it gets smudge. At that point the sickness is wild. So we are creating programming that aides in the Skin Disease Location at its most punctual by passing substantial info pictures. So this venture targets growing such a strategy to distinguish and characterize the skin disease utilizing pictures. Our proposed model acquired the exactness pace of 89%.

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Reinforced-concrete framed structure in recent time has a special feature i.e. the ground storey is left open for the purpose of social and functional needs like vehicle parking, shops, reception lobbies, a large space for meeting room or a banking hall etc. Such buildings are often called open ground storey buildings or soft story buildings. In this paper the comparative study of soft story building with cases of ‘infill walls in all storeys except ground floor’ , ‘infill walls in alternate story’ & ‘bare r.c.frame structure(without infill walls)’. three different models are considered for comparing different parameters such as story shear , story drift , story displacement.

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The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of mobile application for shopping mall directory. The Location Based Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Mall Indoor Directory aims to provide information for customer to enhance their experience in the shopping mall. The features that were included in this proposed work are Wi-Fi based indoor Positioning System to locate customer’s current location, directions from current location to another location, shops’ information and map module. Current location of customers could be located using two or more access points that are in the range. Strongest signal will be compared to get accurate readings of the current location. Directions are provided from the current location using a search function to enable customers to search for shops they wish to visit. A simple directions statement will be provided to guide customers. Shops information such as shop names, categories, locations, descriptions and floor layout are also provided in this mobile application. Floor layouts are provided with multi-touch and scalable functions that enable customers to get the accurate readings of the map. Our main contribution here is providing technical details which may be used as a guide for students, developers, and researchers. As a second contribution, we have explained the current solutions for the indoor navigation problems.

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As India is a place of historical divine, here structure of 18 th century also exist in a safe and static condition without much failure in there stability. In this study we are selecting a historical monumental (mahal) building, collectings its dimensional data, material property, sectional details and strength to model the same structure of same aspects in Sap2000 and to Assign Non linear static analysis to check stability criteria and resistivity of an old structure. However, of these seismic intensity measures, the return period of design earthquakes is more useful, as seismic hazard curves are generally represented with the return period of design earthquakes; seismic design codes also require consideration of the return period of the design earthquake spectrum for a specific site. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the evaluation of seismic fragility curves as a function of the return period. Seismic fragility curves based on the return period are compared with those based on the PGA as an example bridge.

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The reduction of the fossil fuel resources, the increased power demand and the increase in the environmental pollution has brought the world in a position to think seriously of different alternative sources of energy. Hence the sustainable energy sources are rapidly becoming significant around the world. However, the potential of the renewable sources is very high, the power generated by these energy sources is very low, and hence to meet the increasing power demand the integration of these resources is necessary. In the conventional UPFC topology two converters are implemented for injecting and absorbing reactive power in which each converter has six switches. So, totally twelve switches are being used in this topology. This leads to increased number of switches which increases the cost, switching losses and conduction losses. Practically the twelve switch converter requires more number of protection circuits. Hence to overcome these problems an integrated unified power flow controller (UPFC) with only nine switches has been proposed. The proposed work deals with an integrated UPFC with only nine IGBTs to improve the grid compliance of renewable (solar and wind) power integration system. There are two AC outputs in the integrated UPFC which are served as an AC injected voltage source and an AC current source, respectively.

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Facemask detection is an intriguing issue in the field of Image processing and Computer Vision. The goal of this project is to create a model that can detect all faces in the picture, regardless of their alignment. This project's categorization is mostly based on Machine Learning Models. The dataset is used to train the model, which comprises examples of pictures with and without facemask. The reference articles we're referring to take a long and complicated approach to latency models, which is one of our goals. We create a model that detects faces.

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The basic aim of this paper is to develop green Ferrocement panels to be used in low-cost housing, which are the need of hour in an era of everyday growing population. Ferrocement is a composite material made up of cement mortar and reinforcement in the form of layer of mesh. The research study was performed with the aim to accelerate wide dissemination of appropriate & affordable technologies to the rural people for increasing productivity, proper use of appropriate innovative technologies & enhancing quality of life, thereby enabling the community to move towards sustainable development. Hence in this study, Ferrocement wall panels were introduced that enables the low-income people to improve their quality of life. This study also shows that the load taken by ferrocement depends upon opening size and the no. of reinforcing mesh layer used in ferrocement. This review from the experience presents the results of experimental and analytical studies on ferrocement members and bring out the salient features of construction, material properties and the special techniques of applying cement mortar on to the reinforcing mesh.

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Graph of using conventional bricks for construction is increasing day by day, we'd like alternate to scale back the excessive demand of the traditional bricks. Black cotton soils are boon to agriculture but are proved to be serious threat to construction. These soils have the property of high swelling thanks to imbibing of water in monsoon and shrinkage thanks to evaporation of water in summer seasons. Its swelling and shrinkage nature is attributed to the presence of mineral montmorillonite. due to this high swelling and shrinkage nature, the structures constructed on these soils experience cracks, making it unsuitable for foundation. Hence there's a requirement for improving black cotton soil to suite as foundation material and as a construction material. also, it are often possible to extend its resistance to its water absorption capacity.

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In the last two decades the study of microstrip patch antennas has made great progress. Microstrip patch antennas have larger benefits and higher prospects compared with conventional antennas. Various types of dielectric substrates have been used by different researchers to construct microstrip patch antennas. They have used different types of dielectric substrates to fabricate microstrip patch antenna. Therefore, a question arises that which dielectric substrate among the common substrates available gives better performance. So, if the designer has a clear conception about the effect of changing substrate material on the performance of microstrip patch antenna, it will become easier to design an antenna for any application. This paper represents that how performance of an inset feed microstrip patch antenna changes with respect to change in substrate material. A comparative study has been performed to know the dielectric properties of three different substrates which affect antenna performance. The reference frequency 2.4 GHz (ISM band) and height of the dielectric substrate 1.5mm taken to design inset feed microstrip patch antenna.

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The term Automation isn't just determined for modern applications. It tends to be gigantically utilized for homegrown applications moreover. Home computerization reached out from 'security to accommodation'. It is a cutting-edge innovation that adjusts your home and control the home machines naturally. In this paper we will talk about IoT based Home Automation utilizing Raspberry-Pi. The blend of Internet of Things (IoT) and credit PC like Raspberry-Pi gives adaptability and solace to computerization to client. This paper clarifies the essential ideas of proposed framework alongside conversations of different systems executed for something similar.

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Low-power circuit designs have long been a concern in VLSI design. In high-performance systems, multipliers play a crucial role. Digital signal processing (DSP) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) systems rely heavily on fast multipliers. The performance of a VLSI circuit design is limited by two key factors: delay and area. The paper focuses on the design of a Dadda multiplier using a 4:2 Compressor. The Dadda Multiplier is a new design that uses an exact 4:2 compressor and a ripple carry adder. A 32-bit Dadda Multiplier is implemented in the proposed system employing an approximate 4:2 compressor and a Carry look ahead adder. The proposed multiplier design and traditional designs are created in Verilog HDL and simulated using the Xilinx ISE 14.2 design tool. The 32-bit Dadda Multiplier vs. other 4, 8, and 16-bit Dadda multipliers With an area of 17504 m2, the comparison study results show a reduction in power usage of roughly 59.5 percent, 54.5 percent, and 14 percent.

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As India is a place of historical divine, here structure of 18 th century also exist in a safe and static condition without much failure in there stability. In this study we are selecting a historical monumental (mahal) building, collectings its dimensional data, material property, sectional details and strength to model the same structure of same aspects in Sap2000 and to Assign Non linear static analysis to check stability criteria and resistivity of an old structure. The fragility of a structures is defined as the conditional probability of failure at a given value of seismic response parameter as maximum acceleration, velocity displacement, spectral acceleration, effective acceleration Arias intensity, etc. Generally there are two ways of defining seismic fragilities, i.e. in terms of global ground motion parameter or in terms of local response parameter. Most frequently the objective of the fragility evaluation is to estimate the peak ground motion acceleration value for which the seismic response of a structure (system, component) exceeds the capacity resulting in failure. The estimation of the ground acceleration value could be performed on the base of calculations or based on experience data (the later could be from real earthquakes or dynamic tests). Because there are many sources of variability the structure (component) fragility is expressed usually by family of curves.

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Technology has transformed learning preferences, bringing diversity through e-books, podcasts, social media and videos. Teaching can harness technology to reflect this. Millennial learners prefer interactive and innovative teaching, and pedagogy must reflect their learning styles and wishes. Learning facilitated by a blended approach, combining knowledge and skill acquisition could also be acceptable to both educators and our modern-day learners. Scholastic institutions and students across the planet have accepted and appreciated the online platform of cognition. People across the entire world are now being challenged by the pandemic COVID-19. Each and every sector is being transformed to the incipient mundane of functioning. During this study, we specialised in understanding millennials and edifiers perception and predilection towards E-learning and edifying through a web survey of 100 millennials and 50 edifiers. Through this study, we mainly focus to urge a transparent conception about the predilections of both millennials and edifiers. The result indicated that approximately 65% of millennials are willing for online classes but additionally some quandaries are cognate to E-learning. This study can provide us with an insight into incipient mode edifying and learning from the E-learning mode.

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In tropical regions, Sugar is produced from beet or Sugarcane. But all industries mostly preferred sugarcane to make sugar. The sugar industry contains Milling section, Boiler section, Juice filtration section, Purification section etc. But to increase total crushing capacity per day (TCD), the milling section takes vital role in sugar industry. The main motive of sugar industry is to extract maximum amount of juice from sugarcane. In the milling section, the processed sugarcane is fed in between three roller shaft arrangement and each roller shaft assembly contains one roller, two bearing and two pinion arrangement and different loads applied on each part roller shafts. When load between all rollers varies then there is chance to bend the roller shaft assembly, to avoid this bending we will analyze the roller shaft condition. To avoid this failure, we will analyze roller shaft conditions. While analyzing roller shaft condition, we will make modeling with the help of modeling software CATIA V5. After modeling we analyze the rollers condition, when different stress or forces applied to different sections of roller shaft with the help of Finite element methods and we can calculate the maximum shear stress and total deformation on roller shaft using ANSYS WORKBENCH software and we selecting different materials for roller shaft to analyze the variation in results. When we compare the calculated and software based results using Maximum Shear stress and Total deformation for top, feed, and discharge rollers we said the roller shafts is safe to use in sugar industry and titanium alloy is best material for this roller shafts. After this, If we modified our design by changing the measurement of small section of roller shafts where bearing in placed. This was helpful to get best design for roller shafts to avoid bending.

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Proteases are a unique class of enzymes, since they are of immense physiological as well as commercial importance. They possess both degradative and synthetic properties. Microbes are a gold mine of proteases and represents the preferred sources of enzymes in view of their rapid growth, limited space required for cultivation, and ready accessibility to genetic manipulation. Purification of protease to homogeneity is a perquisite for studying their mechanism of action. The catalytic site of protease is flanked on one or both sides by specificity sub sites, each able to accommodate the side chain of a single amino acid residue from the substrate. Serine protease usually follow a two step reaction for the hydrolysis in which a covalently linked enzyme peptide intermediate is formed with the loss of the amino acid or peptide fragment. This acylation step is followed by a deacylation process that occurs by a nucleophillic attack on the intermediate by water, resulting in hydrolysis of the peptide. Serine endopeptidases can be classified into 3 groups based mainly on their primary substrates preference: (i) trypsin like, which cleave after positively charged residues; (ii) elastase like, which cleave after small hydrophobic residues. Aspartic endopeptidases depend on the aspartic acid residue for their catalytic activity. Crystallographic studies have shown that the enzymes of the pepsin family are bilobed molecules with the active site cleft located between the lobes and each lobe contributing one of the pair of aspartic acid residues that is essential for the catalytic activity. The mechanism of action involves general acid base catalysis with lytic water molecule that directly participates in the reaction. These enzymes depend on the presence of bound divalent cations and can be inactivated by the dialysis or the addition of chelating agents. Most of the metallo protease are enzymes containing the His-Glu-Xaa-His(HEXXH) motif, which has been shown by X-ray crystallography to form a part of the site for binding of the metal, usually zinc. Cysteine protease catalyses the hydrolysis of a carboxylic acid derivates through a double displacement pathway involving general acid base formation and hydrolysis of an acyl-thiol intermediate. The mechanism of action of cysteine protease is thus very similar to that of serine protease. Studies of the mechanism of action of protease have revealed that they exhibit different types of mechanism based on their active-site configuration.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse use of smart bins based on internet of things (IoT) which can monitor waste through sensors and gives the information in detailed which are connected to internet. Initially all the sensors from different location are connected through Internet in every location sensors will measure and calculate the waste and information will be sent to the server. At Server it will Process the information and sent it to the concern Authorities to take necessary action. By This approach we can get information of bin by using an android app also.

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