The use of pervious concrete for the advancement of black-tops, vehicle parks and garages is getting celebrated. To make material specific for pervious strong, it is essential to guide testing to survey the introduction of this new sort of tip top concrete. Besides, carbon dioxide release from Portland solid creation is colossal and adds to a risky climatic devation which prompts heartbreaking ecological change. Thusly, it is fundamental breaking point the usage of Portland concrete in pervious concrete mixes by not entirely displacing the solid with mechanical result, for instance, fly trash and slag which have been used successfully as invaluable cementitious materials in essential concrete mixes. The middle strength pervious concrete is made by using customary cementitious materials, sums, and water. This strong is gone after for its properties, similar to thickness, porosity, compressive strength, water vulnerability and drying shrinkage. The principle property of pervious concrete is its water vulnerability. By and by, there is no standard exploratory procedure to choose to this property. A technique was in this manner advanced to choose the water permeability. Fly garbage is used as a reinforcing cementitious material to not entirely replace Portland concrete in pervious concrete works up to half by weight. To improve the affirmation of pervious strong, it is imperative to improve the surface. Due to the unsavory surface and more prominent void substance, it may be hard for pervious concrete for wide affirmation by the advancement business. As such, fine completed pervious mortar is made using cementitious materials, aggregate and water, and its properties are investigated. New sort of pervious black-top, a mix of pervious concrete and pervious mortar, is made and its properties are analyzed. Pervious concrete having thickness around 1800 kg/m3 shows the going with properties, porosity 0.32 to 0.36, 28-day compressive strength between 5.7 MPa and 10.1 MPa, water vulnerability between 9.2 mm/s and 17.3 mm/s, and 56-day drying shrinkage some place in the scope of 470 and 600 micro strain. The properties of pervious mortar having 0.35 water/solid extent with hand compaction are according to the accompanying; thickness of 1690 kg/m3, porosity of 0.34, 28-day compressive strength of 5.8 MPa, water permeability 2.6 mm/s, and 56-day drying shrinkage of 490 micro strain. Blend of pervious concrete and pervious mortar is attempted in thickness and water permeability. The thickness is around 1750 kg/m3, while the water vulnerability between 2.3 mm/s and 3.0 mm/s. Further assessment on the improvement of this structure to have adequate water vulnerability, strength and durability is recommended. In this assessment, Our point is to consider the effect of deficient superseding of cement with Silica rage powder by 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% by weight to take a gander at it by the compressive strength of M-25 assessment of strong using Destructive. In this assessment work it is contemplated that till 4% extension of silica rage strength of concrete is growing in both system yet after wards there is annihilation in the strength.

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The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can be combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to achieve better spectral efficiency and large data rates in advanced wireless communication systems. To reduce the system's complexity and estimate the characteristics of the channel, channel estimation algorithms play a significant role. It is an important factor to enhance the reliability and performance of the communication system. The channel estimation techniques are divided into three main categories, namely Pilot-aided Channel Estimation Techniques, Blind Channel Estimation, and Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE) Techniques. In this paper, we have presented MIMO-OFDM system and channel estimation techniques followed by a literature survey conducted in order to better understand the channel estimation techniques. The performance of various channel estimation techniques presented by researchers in the literature survey is evaluated in terms of attenuation factor, delay, etc. The scope of advancements in these channel estimation algorithms is still there. These algorithms can be combined with advanced schemes in order to enhance their performance and improve the communication system.

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Generally the abrasive jet machining process is used for the materials which are insulator of electric and heat and which are brittle also. Here to obtain the particular shaped cavity in the material, a jet of air and abrasive is impacted fastely. By this the material is removed in many number of small particles. Here the effectiveness of the abrasive jet machining process depends on the various factors as type of abrasive used, hardness of the workpiece material, velocity of jet, pipe nozzle crossectional area and position related to the workpiece etc. So by improving these factors we can improve the effectiveness of the abrasive jet machining process sufficiently.

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As we know today’s world is approaching towards the increasing number of automobile users. This increase in number of users are causing to rapidly increase in number of accidents occurring in this real world. To recover from these accidents we came through this project which mainly consists of GPS, Arduino, GSM, Accelerometer and ultrasonic Sensor. The key point of this project is Sensors and accelerometer will detect the vehicle position and Location coordinates will be spotted by the GPS, further Global sim module will deliver a text to a smart phone.

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There is almost no water left on earth that is safe to drink without purification after 20-25 years from today. This is a seemingly bold statement, but it is unfortunately true. Only 1% of Earth's water is in a fresh, liquid state, and nearly all of this is polluted by both diseases and toxic chemicals. For this reason, purification of water supplies is extremely important. Keeping these things in mind, we have devised a model which will convert the dirty/saline water into pure/potable water using the renewable source of energy (i.e. solar energy). The basic modes of the heat transfer involved are radiation, convection and conduction. The results are obtained by evaporation of the dirty/saline water and fetching it out as pure/drinkable water. Water is fundamental to human life on earth for survival and good health. Access to safe water is a major challenge in many communities in developing countries. As word population and social-economy growth societies are challenged to provide fresh water to meet those needs for all of their people. Growing demands of fresh water resource are creating and argent need to developed self-sustained system to meet the demand of fresh water. Among the available purification technologies, renewable energy technologies operate on basic principles of solar water distillation. The sun's energy heat increases the rate of evaporation. As the water evaporates, water vapour rise and condenses on the glass surface for collection. This process removes impurities such as salts and heavy metals as well as eliminates microbiological organisms.

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Unwanted noise is a significant factor in traffic corridor planning, architecture, and development. Architects, structural experts, and traffic designers are looking for innovative methods of minimizing or substantially reducing noise levels. The challenge is to achieve necessary levels of sound while preserving and improving the visual experience at the same time. At the other hand, rubber waste, especially waste from scrap tyres, is one of the most unmanageable. A very serious ecological issue today is its conservation and use. The dissertation work namely addition of various percentages of scrap rubber by weight of cement in concrete was. Carried forward to its logical end using an analytical and experimental approach. The majority of the projected results were subsequently attained by exploring various milestones such as findings from literature survey, identification of relevant gaps to accomplish the work, validity of the tests, results and discussions to provide an. efficient basis. Of the subject for implementing its applications for a coherent use in future prospects. Some of the highlights are mentioned below: The overall analysis and emphasis of this research work is an eco-friendly approach and at the. Same is techno-economical from. The commercial point of view the depleing trend of the natural. Source like the aggregates can be reduced to a greater extends by making it sustainable for the judicious use of future generation and reduces various problems associate with environment. The research work shall be further explored by increasing the percentage of rubber as aggregate. The commercial implications in promoting the implementation of this dissertation work can be little bit on higher side, but the saving of environmental degradation and large land fill area can be considered as the pay back assets.

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Rail roads are immense systems and are the superb strategy for transportation in various countries. As it is solidly associated with explorer and cargo transportation, it has high risk similar to living spirits and cost of assets. New progressions and better security standards are ceaselessly introduced and simultaneously setbacks do occur. There will reliably be some peril related with accidents and effects anyway it might be diminished by end of the fundamental drivers. These causes require a convincing upkeep procedure to administer upgrade of examination repeat or possibly improvement in capacity and capability. An unequivocal examination of the distortions which emerge both on the moving stock and rail establishment is crucial for work out the right upkeep strategy. Disclosure and correction of rail gives up are huge issues for all rail players all through the planet. A piece of the distortions joins obliterated rails, weld issues, internal blemishes, wrinkles and moving contact shortcoming (RCF) began issues like surface breaks, head checks, squats, spalling and shelling. If undetected or conceivably untreated these distortions can incite rail breaks and crashes. There are challenges to the establishment upkeep people to perform practical examination and sagacious change decisions. If these issues are tended to properly, examination and amendment decisions can decrease anticipated risk of rail breaks and crashes. In spite of reliable undertakings made by all rail overseers all through the planet to decrease costs, a huge proportion of rail course spending plan is spent on appraisal and upkeep of rails. It is seen that the critical cost as a result of crash diminishes with development in survey, oil and crushing expenses. The test is to diminish the upkeep cost which includes examination, oil and pulverizing costs and all the while thwart a rising in massive cost in view of crash. Danger appraisal has transformed into a huge limit for the organization to pick an unrivalled and viable course of action that could meet the monetary objectives concerning re-energizing, replacement and survey repeat of rails and wheels. As such, before progress of any model or any observational relationship related with danger, information on peril the board gadgets is required. This audit bases on fostering a fundamental data required for developing such a relationship. The fact is to diminish costs and risks related to rail movement by practical decisions related to rail examination, crushing, oils, remedies and rail replacements. Different sorts of rail defects and debasement measures have been thought of. From the composing audit and studies done by the essayist, it is unraveled that there is a necessity for better assumption for rail gives up all through some unclear time span reliant upon working conditions and emotionally supportive networks. The issues and troubles related to rail upkeep are spread out for extra investigation around here. The emotionally supportive network followed by NE Railways is moreover depicted.

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The goal of this study is to see if sintered fly ash aggregate (SFA) can be used as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in the creation of long-lasting structural lightweight concrete (LWC). In this case, natural aggregates are partially replaced by sintered fly ash aggregates, with 0 percent, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the volume being replaced by sintered fly ash aggregates. To find out how well it performs, In the current study, 40MPa concrete was produced and different Fresh characteristics were tested (Viz., L-Box and T500) Compressive strength and split tensile strength are examples of mechanical characteristics, as are durability attributes (like water absorption test and permeability). According to the findings, replacing sintered fly ash aggregates has a detrimental impact on fresh characteristics. However, the combination with 20% sintered fly ash particles has excellent strength and durability.

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Many of the complex behaviors of reinforced cement concrete under shear and flexure are yet to be identified to employ this material advantageously and economically. The progress in the understanding and quantitative assessment of the behavior of member subjected to flexure and shear has been less spectacular. The fundamental nature of shear and diagonal tension strength is not yet clearly understood. So, further basic research should be encountered to determine the mechanism, which results in shear failure of reinforced concrete members. The study presents the study of the behavior of reinforced concrete structure under seismic (vibration) loading and the effect of shear reinforcement. The influence of variation of web reinforcement spacing (both vertical and horizontal) on the shear strength of Grid slab is investigated. The general trend in crack pattern, the load deflection characteristics and the mode of failure of grid slab R.C. structure under two-points loading are also investigated. Through the investigation, it is observed that under two-points loading system, diagonal cracks are usually the first cracks to be observed in the clear span of the slab. In this study we will compare Grid slab with PT slab in G+10 structure using analysis tool ETABS.

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The current paper describes a G + 7storey certified concrete construction found in zone V analyzed as an independent and stable foundation. Lead Rubber Bearing is used as an isolation system. Behavior that does not conform to any other system of segregation and over-formation is considered in the modeling. The behavior of design models under heavy loads is analyzed using ETABS. Major parameters are considered in this paper to compare the amount of response time in time, basic shear, and migration. Models are analyzed by response rate analysis by IS1893: 2002 and designs are developed using IS13301: 1992.

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In order to address this problem, the aims of the present structure was to carry out a seismic evaluation case study for an existing RC bridge using nonlinear static (pushover) analyze. Bridges extends horizontally with its two ends restrained and that makes the dynamic characteristics of bridges different from building. Modal analyze of a 3D bridge model reveals that it has many closely-spaced modes. Participating mass ratio for the higher modes is very high. Therefore, pushover analyze with single load pattern may not yield correct results for a bridge model. A 12-span existing RC bridge was selected for the case study. Standard pushover analyze using FEMA 356 displacement coefficient method and an improved upper bound pushover analyze method were used to analyse the building. Some of the analyze parameters were suitably modified to use in a bridge structure.

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The present research is an experimental and numerical investigation on parametric study of vibration and buckling characteristics of industry driven woven fiber Glail. Carbon/epoxy hybrid composite panels. The effects of lamination sequence on the natural frequencies of vibration and buckling strength of the hybrid panels were studied in this investigation. The panels are cast using hand lay-up technique. The vibration study is carried out using B&K FFT analyzer, accelerometer, and impact hammer excitation. The PULSE Lab software is used to convert the responses from time domain to frequency domain and obtain the Frequency Response Function (FRF). The FRF spectrum and the coherences are studied to obtain a clear understanding of the vibration characteristics of the specimens. Buckling tests are conducted using INSTRON 1195 to obtain the critical buckling load for various lamination sequences. The experimental results are compared with the numerical predictions using the FEM based software package ANSYS 13.0. A very good agreement was observed between the experimental and ANSYS results.

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The land is a limited and non-renewable resource. So it should be put to the most judicious use. The rapid urban population growth is creating an increased demand for land and a higher demand for serviced land in urban areas. The constitution of India grants the right to acquire hold and dispose of property to every Indian citizen. It, however, allows the state to impose restrictions on property and its acquisition in public interest. Different states like Haryana, M.P., U.P., Punjab and TamilNadu have formulated Land Supply Models Keeping in focus the land requirements for urban poor. In this research, explaining different urban land management techniques and land management models used along metro rail in different region of India. Redevelopment is an improvement, which ensures that residents of a community are empowered to improve their quality of life and environment as a result of local planning area. Land readjustment is an essential tool used for the re-organization of urban areas. It aims to convert unplanned parcels into suitable forms of development plots for public and private use according to town planning requirements. Hence, land readjustment method maintains great opportunities to the solution of Land-Use problems (Urban Sprawl, Unplanned Settlement, Urban Density and Urban Sprawl etc.) in urban-fringe areas. Also including other aspects of community development such as design, preservation of historic assets, public spaces, and promotion of environmental justice, environmental remediation and even issues that enhance the level of social services provided to neighbourhood residents. Based on this model, we are trying to explain that instead of settling new cities/towns, we need to focus to develop or improve the existing area only and make that area habitable, then perhaps we will be able to use the land properly.

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The self-purification ability of a resurgence stream has been investigated by taking samples along the course of a channeled tract made up of a first part at (3.3 km) and a second at concrete (7.2 km). The study has been conducted by statistically processing pre-existent data, acquired monthly by analyzing waters at the beginning and at the end of the whole river for 6 months, and by performing specific experiments (recent data) to evaluate differently the self-purification capacity of the river betwa. A significant abatement of concentrations has been observed from historicdata for ammonium, phosphates, turbidity, heavy metals and bacteria. From the recent data, all these parameters seem to decrease in the beaten soil tract. For other parameters, e.g. pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, fluorides, sodium, and sulfates, a significant increase was observed fromthe historic data. Generalizations presented in this paper represent, in systematized form, the basic elements of the qualitative theory of water self-purification in freshwater ecosystems. Recommendations are given for maintaining water quality and sustainable development of water resources. Water pollution caused by organic matter is a major global problem which requires continuous evaluation. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to assess spatial and temporal changes caused by natural and anthropogenic phenomena along Betwa River. Cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to a data set collected throughout a period of 6 months, which monitored physical, chemical and biological parameters. Content of dissolved oxygen in water and biochemical oxygen demand in a watercourse are indicators of pollution caused by organic matter. The mean water temperature of 23.6 oC at the time of this case study which was one of the coldest periods in the year placed the DO saturation pointat 8.58mg/L. At higher temperatures which at times go above 30 oC, the DO at saturation is expected to be lower than 8.58 mg/L. If we see the different parameters, the pH value is decreasing as the mason is raining as the velocity of the river increases. From all the 3 stations we found the pH level is low at the 3rd station i.e. 7.015 in summer and 5.121 in rainy season. It means the river is becoming less acidic when we move toward 1st to 3rd station. Apart from DO all the values are getting decrease when we move toward 1st to 3rd station but DO value get increase more in rainy then summer. All the values are given in table 1a. The k2 values ranged from 0.11/day to 0.30/day. All the k2 values were observed to be below 0.34/day, and the further details are given in the table 1b. The f values range from 0.7 to 2.2. Based on FAIR’S table of values for f = k2 / k1, the lower value of 0.7 corresponds to the value for sluggish stream of poor reaeration potential whereas the higher value of 2.2 shows flowing streams of normal velocity possessing moderate reaeration potential. We observed that variation in the depth, flow of the river addition of organic waste near station C with f value 0.7 might havebeen the cause of increase in deoxygenation rate, and the further details are given in the table 1c.

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In this paper, the different varieties of silk are described such as Dupion, Charkha, Chinnon, Plain, Crepe, Chiffon, Tabby, Organza, Satin, Matka, Murshidabad silk along with their important properties. Then finally usefulness of the paper is stated in conclusions.

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Due to increase in growth of industrial sectors the power of requirement of the country is rapidly increasing. In India, the cement production has increased from 6.44% to 282.79 million tones over FY 2016. As discussed earlier, 1 tons of cement production liberates 1 tone of chemical carbon dioxide gas. Hence from the above charts, due to high cement production and emission of gas, the global carbon footprint will also increase.

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In this paper initially the introduction to various silkworm diseases is given. Then their Symptoms, Mode of transmission, Detection method, Preventive measure are mentioned. Finally, usefulness of the paper is stated in conclusions.

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Technologies related to Internet of Things (IoT) had been broadly used in lots of fields which includes home appliances, transportation, logistics, healthcare, smart cities, Agriculture, commercial automation. etc. Despite the belief human beings may also have concerning the rural process, the fact is that modern agriculture enterprise is data-centered, precise, and smarter than ever. The speedy emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) primarily based totally technology redesigned nearly each enterprise including “smart agriculture” which moved the enterprise from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such innovative adjustments are shaking the present agriculture strategies and developing new possibilities alongside more than a few demanding situations. This research paper highlights the problems which will come in IOT devices used in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to come when integrating this technology with the traditional farming practices.

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There is a significant demand for large-scale high-rise apartment buildings in every city in this day and age of urbanisation, yet high-rise construction systems are exceedingly challenging to construct in any seismic zone due to the powerful and disruptive nature of seismic forces. Seismic forces provide the greatest danger of causing the most damage to high-rise structures. To fulfil this need, the Civil Engineering sector is continuously innovating new cutting-edge techniques. High-rise constructions are furnished with RCC or steel bracings to reduce the impacts of seismic and wind stresses. The major objective of this research is to establish the effective position and pattern of the RCC X-bracing system in an L-shaped multi-story building subjected to seismic forces. According to a prior reference study, X-bracing outperforms alternative bracing techniques. Analysis the seven types of frame models are taken – (1) Normal L-shape building without bracing, (2) X- bracing are provided at the face of L-shape building, (3) X-bracing are provided alternative pattern at the face of L-shape building from bottom to top floor, (4) X- bracing are provided zig-zag pattern at the face of L-shape building, (5) X-bracing are provided at the corner of L-shape building, (6) X-bracing are provided alternative pattern at the corner of L-shape building from bottom to the top floor, (7) X-bracing are provided zig-zag pattern at the corner of L-shape building. Developed and evaluated by response spectrum analysis method (Linear dynamic analysis) as per IS 1893-2000 using STAAD PRO V8i. In the present work G+12 storey, the L-shape frame structure is analyzed by using X-bracing. It is analyzed and the results of the Following Parameters are taken - (1) Peak storey shear, (2) Base shear, (3) Nodal displacement, (4) Maximum bending moment, (5) Total quantity of steel in the whole structure, (6) Total volume of concrete in the whole structure are evaluated and compared.

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Soils vary from place to place and also their properties. Selection of such materials and methods for soil stabilization requires sound engineering judgement, therefore the best way to select suitable materials is testing of soil. The method and material selected for soil stabilization should be verified in laboratory before commencement of field construction. Nowadays various materials and techniques are being used for soil stabilization. The choice of particular material and method depends on properties of soil and type of construction also on cost and environmental considerations. There is need to look toward different industrial waste materials which are being produced in huge quantities. Soil stabilization using waste GGBS and sisal fiber is one of such method, which can be used to improve the geotechnical properties of soil. The amount of waste materials from different industries have been increasing day by day and disposal of such waste material in environmentally safer way is a matter of serious concern. These industrial wastes cause serious threats to environment and human health. As these materials cannot be disposed of properly and disposal of such materials is not economical. The problem of disposal of such material can be overcome by using these materials for soil stabilization.

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Flat slabs are now a day’s becoming more popular and they are economical as compared to beam-column connections. RC frame buildings are commonly used for the construction. The use of flat slab building provides many advantages over RC frame building in terms of architectural tractability, use of the space, easier formwork under earthquake loads. In the present work flat slab building of G+8 storey building models are considered. The design of flat slab building with direct design method and also we have discussed the results obtained by performing Non-linear pushover analysis on flat slab building of various shapes and different types also by using software ETAB2015. To improve performance of building, it is necessary to analysis the seismic behavior of building, provision of flat slab with drop and without drop on the performance of these two types of buildings. As per IS 456:2000 codes provisions present work gives the information onthe parameters max strip moments, base shear, max storey displacement and storey drift.

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Brain Tumor detection is one of the most crucial parts of saving human life. Human detection is prone to various errors. Segmentation of tumours from healthy brain tissue is one of the most critical requirements of Biomedical Image Processing. There has been a continuous development of tools to detect and process medical images. For this paper, an algorithm has been devised to detect tumours and tested on the BRATS brain tumour database from patients to determine if accuracy level is maintained for all test subjects using an interface of GUI in Matlab.

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This paper proposes the need for the prediction of stator winding temperature of PMSM Motor. Today there is an increase in acceptance of PMSM as a motor for the choice in various applications such as Electric Vehicles etc. There should be an accurate monitoring of temperature of stator winding in order to avoid the increase in temperature and to make sure that the performance of the motor does not deteriorates. In this work, using the already existing dataset the decision tree are implemented to calculate their mean square error and to conclude which algorithm predicts the temperature accurately.

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large wind farms Consists doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) variable speed wind turbines. They have accurate models of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines and their associated control and protection circuits. The main aim of this paper is to study the theory and control for the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine, and establish its model by using mathematical formulas. The work is done with the help of MATLAB software, which accurately show the simulation results.

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Limestone deposits containing more than 50% calcium carbonate by weight are found mainly between latitudes 30^oS and 30^oN in coastal areas such as Florida, India, Puerto Rico and Australia. Many studies have focused on the behavior of sediments and the destruction of particles exposed to them. In marine construction, measured power in limestone was reported to be about 20% lower than predicted. Therefore, it is necessary to study the loading behavior of the limestone sands with the post-construction scenario. Limestone sands from Puerto Rico and Western Australia were chosen as materials for this study. The main objective is to study the static charge behavior in the lime sand, since it increases the degree of particle crushing. To do this, the physical properties are first determined. It has been established that lime sand has a high carbonate content, a high specific gravity, and a porous particle structure. In order to study the static stress behavior of unground lime sand, triaxial subwash tests are performed at various limiting pressures. Lime sand samples prepared with different particle contents are then tested with triaxial unground tests. Different particle contents are obtained with compressive loading (one-dimensional consolidation test) and transverse loading (triaxial consolidated drainage test and TruePath test). The impact of the loading mechanism on particle size reduction is also evaluated. The results of the Puerto Rico and Western Australia sand tests are analyzed and compared with each other.

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