One of most important sector currently growing at a rapid rate is the manufacturing industry which is responsible for the production of heavy machinery. This heavy machinery can be considered as one of the basic elements in development of any country. As India is striving hard for the rapid and sustainable development, demand of heavy machinery has also increased. One of the basic components in this category is the power plant which is responsible for electricity generation. Boilers in power plants are one of the important components which are responsible for steam generation and also work as steam storage devices. In order to develop the boiler shell, a long length metallic is shaped into a cylindrical form and is connected through butt joints. These butt joints are one of the key features for the researchers as a lot of researchers are studying and researching about butt joints. Current paper reviews the research work already going on in the field of butt joints.

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The early area of incipient dental caries licenses preventive treatment, and bitewing radiography is a cautious insightful device for back starting caries. In the subject of clinical imaging, the use of significant considering with Convolutional neural associations (CNNs) to way an arrangement of kinds of photos has been viably examined and has shown promising execution. In this audit, we cultivated a CNN model the use of a U-shaped significant CNN (U-Net) for dental caries area on bitewing radiographs and inspected whether this model can update clinicians' presentation. Out and out, 304 bitewing radiographs have been used to train the significant getting data on model and 50 radiographs had been used for all around execution appraisal. The expressive by and large execution of the CNN model all things considered explore dataset was once as follows: precision, 63.29%; audit, 65.02%; and F1-score, 64.14%, showing quite right execution. Right when three dental experts recognized dental caries the usage of the aftereffects of the CNN model as reference data, the average characteristic as a rule show of every one of the three clinicians impressively improved, as exhibited with the aid of a lengthy audit extent (D1, 85.34%; D1', 92.15%; D2, 85.86%; D2', 93.72%; D3, 69.11%; D3', 79.06%). These will augment had been astoundingly unimaginable at the outset and reasonable caries subgroups. The significant getting to know model may moreover assist clinicians with dissecting dental caries extra definitively.

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The construction of the bridge has reached an important milestone worldwide today. Bridges are an essential element of any road network and the use of post-tensioned type girder bridges is gaining popularity in the bridge engineering brotherhood because of their better stability, usability, economy, aesthetic appearance, and structural efficiency. In this thesis, analysis and design of prefabricated concrete bridges (Deck Floor, T-Beam, and Box Beam) was performed using IRC: 112-2011. The integrated concrete code (IRC: 112), which includes a code for reinforced and pre-reinforced concrete structures, published by the Indian Road Congress in November 2011, represents a new generation code that differs significantly from previous codes (for example, IRC: 21 RCC). IRC: 18 buildings and structures of the PSC). IRC: 21 and IRC: 18 have been withdrawn with the release of IRC: 112. The main difference between IRC: 112 and legacy a code is that IRC: 112 are based on the limitations theory while the previous codes are based on the stress design philosophy.

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Bird strikes are dangerous for aircraft due to the relative speed of the plane with reference to the bird and it became an important part of airport safety. Airports are usually located in the area that has a large area of undeveloped land and birds are usually attracted to a large undeveloped land. The chances of bird strike are more especially at lower altitudes and that too while landing and take- off. In this paper, we are using artificial intelligence for bird recognition, and analyses of different types of application and also the bird identification technology in the current airport bird prevention. The risk of bird strikes is calculated for birds expected to cross the extended runway center line and to cause aircraft damage upon impact. By specifically targeting these birds and excluding birds surviving on the runway which are taken care by the local wildlife control.

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Operational industries or Plant have involve various mechanical equipment which need to repair before or after failure of each individual component come under maintenance program to sustain the load and produces desirable output as expected during design calculation to setup plants. On recording and collecting operational data by their functional time period of individual machine component can be mathematically modeled by using various solutions technique to evaluate the reliability parameters and availability of system evaluated with certain time period of entire plants. Maintenance required time and economical support to overhauling of mechanical device on which reliability depend so that future prediction can be done on load variation, equipment availability and necessary scheduled and forced outage superimposed in plant within write time to accommodate power and production supply to be continued. Maintenance and operation of a hydro power plant is very complicated and the process to calculate and analyzing its compatibility and reliability is very important. The availability and reliability of power plant can be evaluated by taking into account different failure parameter, namely failure rate (λ), repair rate (µ), MTTR, MTTF, MTBF. Reliable and durable operation of any power plant or system depends upon maintenance. The error in any a single sub unit can affect the annual performance and efficiency of power generation. Proper selection of reliability model and various failure parameter help to decrease repair cost, identifying sensitive equipment’s to be replaced and probable errors can be removed that improve availability of power at low cost as per given input, and allow a fair step towards energy independence of local community. Reliability model selection plays a key role in the cost-effectiveness of systems. Therefore the sole purpose of this study is intended to provide improved criteria for future proposal and serves as a basis for generation expansion planning of hydro power plants. Ultimately goal is to achieve desired output at optimized cost and time to the consumers.

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The aim of this Research work is Reaction spectrum analysis, seismic analysis or comparison of overhead Intze Tank, circular Tank, and rectangular Water Tanks with unfilled, half filled and completely filled condition in earthquake 3rd to 5th Zone. This whole analysis is done by STAAD Pro V8i SS6. The seismic zones of Zone-III, Zone-IV, Zone-V and the equivalent lateral load characteristics have been taken from IS 1893 (PART 1)-2002 & draft code IS 1893 (Part 2) and IS 875 (PART 3) -1987. For this different condition of water tank. It have circular, rectangular & Intze shape. Water Tank having 1800000 litres holding capacity and supported on RCC frame stages height 24m & 30 m under seismic movement loads provide according to code section 2 of IS 1893:2002.

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The creep, fatigue and impact failures are the common failures occurred in the metals and alloys. These failures mainly depend on the strength of material, structure of material, material properties, working temperature, physical environment, variable stresses etc. If any component is subjected to the variable stresses continuously then it should be made such type material or alloy that is more flexible, more stable against tensile, compressive and shear stresses. Besides it the required changes and developments in the design of the product also may help sufficiently to avoid these defects. Generally to avoid these defects the product design should be better at weakest point.

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Moving machine parts have the potential to cause severe workplace injuries, such as crushed fingers or hands, amputations, burns, or blindness. Amputations, lacerations, and abrasions are costly and have the potential to increase workers' compensation premiums. (Amputation is one of the most severe and crippling types of injuries in the occupational workplace, often resulting in permanent disability.) The main purpose of this study is to monitor the overall risks and hazards around the machines in pharmaceutical company and then to reduce accidents to workers through the use of machine guards and other safe guards. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment is one of the vast and best methods to be followed for such research, so in our work we will implement try to implement the method practically in the company and monitor the results.

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For any industry to be successful it is to identify the Hazards to assess the associated risks and to bring the risks to tolerable level. Activities performed in plants because of the nature of operation, complexity of the systems, procedures and methods always involves some amount of hazards. Hazard analysis is carried for identification of undesirable events that can leads to a hazard, the analysis of hazard mechanism by which this undesirable event could occur and usually the estimation of extent, magnitude and likelihood of harmful effects. It is widely accepted within industry in general that the various techniques of risk evaluation contribute greatly toward improvements in the safety of complex operations and equipment. Hazard analysis as in Process Safety Management (PSM) system involves identification of undesirable events that leads to a hazard, the analysis of hazard mechanism by which this undesirable event could occur and usually the estimation of extent, magnitude and likelihood of harmful effects. The high risks activities will be marked in Red colour are un-acceptance and must be reduced. The risks which will be marked in yellow colour are tolerable but efforts must be made to reduce risk without expenditure that is grossly disproportionate to the benefit gained. The risks which will be marked in green have the risk level so low that it is not required for taking actions to reduce its magnitude any further. Later on the overall analysis will be verified and will be used for necessary modification.

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Green building also known as green construction or sustainable building. It is a way of enhancing the environment. It benefits humans, the community, and the environment in order to reduce resource consumption while enhancing quality of life. this ultimately results in reduction of greenhouse gases which will help to reduce greenhouse effect. this paper presents an overview of application of modern green infrastructure construction technology which makes a significant impact on conservation/proper utilization of resources like land, water, energy, air, material thereby reducing the overall cost of construction as well as adverse impacts of climate change. Green Building refers to a structure and using a process that is environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout a building’s lifecycle. Since buildings consume nearly 50% of World’s Total Energy, Green Buildings, on the other hand, consume minimum amount of energy with the use of energy efficient materials. This paper can help readers to better understand the status quo and development trend of green building and to easier recognize the shortcomings in the development of green building, so as to provide a promising direction for future research.

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This Paper aimed to find Which classification algorithm has the highest accuracy for the medical dataset arrhythmia before feature selection, which feature selection algorithm among filter and wrapper gives the best result, is feature selection technique of preprocessing improves the performance accuracy of arrhythmia dataset and how accurate is mining technique in predicting the person suffering from arrhythmia disease.

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In this present investigation, the durability studies of concrete in marine environment were determined. The cements like OPC, PPC and PSC was used to make the concrete. The physical property such as fineness, setting time, specific gravity etc for cement and fineness modulus, water absorption etc for aggregates was calculated. Mix design for normal concrete M35 was calculated based on trial mixes and code IS: 10262-2009. The compressive strength of concrete was calculated for M35 concrete by using OPC, PPC and PSC at 3, 7, 28, 60, 90 and 120 days. The curing of specimens was done in normal water and sea water after casting. The split tensile and flexural strength of concrete was calculated for M35 concrete by using OPC, PPC and PSC at 3, 7, 28, 60, 90 and 120days. The curing of specimens was done in normal water and sea water after casting. Finally, we were compared all the results and concluded that PSC (Portland slag cement) was gave better durability results to compare with other cements.

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The use of post-tensioned concept floors in buildings has increased slightly in recent years. The largest use of its type of construction has been in the United States, and in California, it is the main choice for concrete floors. Post-tension-mounted floors are already in use in countries such as Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Europe. Their use in the UK is now growing rapidly. The increase in urban populations has led to an increase in demand for living space, increasing costs due to being increasing demand for efficient floor systems. This thesis is a comparative study of two different post-pressure slabs, one with a drop flat slab and the other without drop slabs. First, the analysis was performed on the construction of the floor hand using the English code and then the modeling was done on the FEM software. In this model, first, all the properties of the objects and categories are defined, and then the tile frame model is adjusted with the help of a grid.

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It is a recent advancement in the construction technology, since it is light in weight, therefore bringing economy in the construction. Steel is replaced by the glass fibre helps in avoiding structural deterioration and corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. Keeping in mind about the global environmental conditions, many alternatives are searched to increase the strength, durability, shrinkage characteristics and serviceability of concrete. Hence, here glass fibre is added and tests have been performed with varying percentage of 1%, 2% and 3% of cement by adding as an admixture.

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The work presented in this thesis focuses on setting the behavior and shrinkage properties of high-performance pavement concrete and the effect factors, such as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), chemical admixtures, and temperature. The thesis consists of two papers: (1) the relation between setting behavior and the maturity of pavement concrete materials and (2) a simple statistical model to predict the shrinkage behavior of high-performance concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials. Setting behaviour and maturity of six different concrete mixtures under three different curing temperatures (18.3, 23.9, and 29.4oC, corresponding to 65, 75 and 85oF) were investigated. The mixtures were made with two different retarders (ASTM Types B and D) and with 0 or 20% Class C fly ash replacement for Type I cement. The initial and final set times of these mixtures were measured by the penetration resistance method according to ASTM C 403. The temperature rise of the mixtures was monitored using a thermal couple, and the concrete maturity was then computed based on the time- temperature factor (TTF). A new approach is introduced for predicting concrete set time (penetration resistance) based on the concrete maturity (time-temperature factor). The results indicate that concrete penetration resistance well correlates with maturity measurements. This relationship enables engineers to assess setting behaviour of field concrete on site autogenous shrinkage and free drying shrinkage of nine different high performance concrete mixtures used for bridge decks and bridge overlays constructions were measured, and the total shrinkage (defined as autogenous shrinkage plus free drying shrinkage) was studied. The mixtures were systemically designed for evaluating effects of class C fly ash and ground granulated blast-furance slag replacement on shrinkage proporties. A simplified exponential model ɛauto/drying(t)=a+b*e(c*t) was introduced for describing and predicting shrinkage in high-performance concrete when different types and amounts of supplementary cementitious materials were used. This model fits for both autogenous and free drying shrinkage and is validated and proved by comparing measured value with predicted shrinkage value of an independent group of mixtures. The results indicate that compare to GGBF slag, fly ash performs much better to reduce the total shrinkage. Additionally, free drying shrinkage increases linearly with autogenous shrinkage between 0 and 14 days. The results of the present study indicate that the concrete maturity method successfully describes the concrete setting behavior; and the exponential model successfully predicts the shrinkage behavior of high-performance concrete with SCMs. Additionally, the results indicate Class C fly ash replacement can reduce the total shrinkage and extend the setting time of high-performance concrete. The addition of Class C fly ash should be considered if extending concrete setting time and reducing the risk of shrinkage cracking are needed.

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The need for assessing the seismic capability of buildings has been highlighted by recent earthquakes that badly devastated many reinforced concrete structures. Simplified linearelastic approaches are insufficient for such an assessment. The non-linear static analysis, also known as the Pushover analysis, sometimes known as collapse analysis, is believed to be a convenient way for evaluating the performance, despite the fact that multiple procedures are conceivable. The use of static pushover analysis to analyze the seismic performance of existing and new structures is becoming more common. The pushover study is expected to offer sufficient information on the seismic demands put on the structural system and its components by the design ground motion. The goal of this research is to use software SAP2000 to perform nonlinear static pushover analysis and assess the nonlinear behaviour of the building frame when the dimensions of the RCC frame structure (i.e. number of bays and storey height) are changed for two different earthquake loadings (i.e. Seismic Zone III and Zone IV). The main purpose of masonry infilled walls in a building is to fill the gap between the horizontal and vertical resisting elements of the building frame, where it is assumed that. As a result, masonry infilled walls are not considered a structural element, and the structure is designed as a bare frame only. However, these brick infilled walls have a significant impact on structural strength and stiffness capabilities, and they are brittle by nature. Methods for calculating the stiffness of brick infill walls and modelling them as equivalent diagonal pin-jointed struts, also known as macro modelling of infill walls, may be found in certain international papers. The inplane effect of a masonry infill wall constructed as an analogous diagonal strut on a Reinforced Concrete structure as compared to a bare frame structure will next be examined.

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Wirelessly transferring power varies from the traditional way of transmitting, which meet the needs of the development of technology. It may be widely used in electronic appliances, medical devices, industry and other fields, and has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Let us consider a future in which wireless power supply is feasible: cell phones, household robots, mp3 players, laptop computers and other portable electronics capable of charging themselves without being plugged in it, it will free us from that final, ubiquitous power wire. These devices may not even need their bulky batteries to operate. These specific techniques include resonating inductive coupling in efficient and moderate range. The coupling consists of a capacitor along with an inductor with its own resonating frequency. In any system, coupled resonators often exists a “strongly coupled” regime of operations. If one operate in that regime in a given system. This paper as a whole gives an effective, high performance techniques which can efficiently wirelessly transmit the power to desired areas.

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The objective of this thesis is to implement the health and safety practices at the workplace. What the workers need for their safety; especially in small scale industries were discussed. Here in this study, the problem of ergonomics has created a need for implementation of workplace health and safety practices in the industries. Accident prevention tools like, incident investigation and pre job safety analysis can significantly reduce work place incident. The implementations were made for the task which may cause injuries to the person who performing the particular task as well as for the protection of the equipment, tools or any machine part. In this study the cause of accident and how could prevent their occurrences and after that, there supervision whether the workers are following there the instructions or not were discussed. In this study the implementation towards the productivity were also discussed by implementing new strategies which were made by us after the analysis. Two machines were analysed or monitored for comparing the new implemented strategies with the old or running one, for product safety during manufacturing process.

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Suspension system is an important component in any automobile. Whenever any automobile is in moving condition, we need some system to absorb the shocks and jerks which happen because of irregularities, pits and holes on the road. Suspension system is employed for this vary role. Suspension systems may be of several types but for current study, compression helical spring has been considered. Conventionally low carbon steel (mild steel or structural steel) has been used for manufacturing the disc brake rotors but it is accompanied by a large weight which in turn increases the overall weight of vehicle. This increased weight increases the losses occurring in the vehicle during movement. It also reduces the mechanical efficiency. To counter these two problems, we must go for some other materials which can have lower weight & higher tensile strength, compressive strength etc. In this particular study six different materials have been tried & tested. These materials are Aluminium Alloy, Aluminium, Carbon Fibre, Epoxy Carbon, Epoxy E-Glass, High Carbon Steel, Inconel 625, Inconel 718, Stainless Steel and Titanium Alloy. These materials have been analysed for Total Deformation, Shear Stress, Shear Elastic Strain, Equivalent Stress, Maximum Principal Stress, Maximum Shear Stress & Weight. In the end a comparative analysis has been presented. In order to develop the model of disc brake rotor for conducting analytical solution in software, CATIA V5-6 R2017 software will be used to develop the model & ANSYS 19.2 will be used to analyze the model.

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A superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system includes a high inducting coil that can act as a constant source of direct current. A high temperature SMES (HTS) unit connected to a power system is able to absorb and store both active and reactive power from this system and to release these powers into this system in the demand periods. These injected powers can be controlled by adjusting the power conversion system of SMES by changing both the duty cycle of the dc-dc chopper switches and its operation modes. In this paper, an efficient design based on an SMES unit controlled by the combined the artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive control method is presented to improve transient stability by regulating the dc link voltage and to damp and reduce the voltage and frequency fluctuations that are always associated with solar power generation. The system behavior is tested with three different faults/events for both voltage and frequency fluctuations of solar power supply with and without applying the SMES unit. The results show that both voltage and frequency stabilities are significantly increased when the SMES unit is applied in these three events.

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Transportation plays a crucial role in the overall development of a country. Roads are the primary means of transportation. Flexible pavement is chosen over cement concrete roads as they have the great dominance that these can be strengthened and improved in stages with the growth in traffic. The failure of bitumen pavement is because of the fatigue cracking and rutting deformation. the project aims to design flexible pavement with the help of IRC:37-2018 guidelines and using IIT - PAVE software to determine the stress and strains values at a critical location at different layers of pavement. The design of flexible pavement mainly depends on the strength of the sub-grade soil and the traffic load. The design follows various procedures like the acquisition of data related to the traffic and sub-grade soil CBR values, traffic is examined on the basis of Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) and here the standard axle is defined as a single axle dual wheel with a load of 80 KN. Then selecting the various layer combinations while keeping the top surface of bituminous concrete the same for all the trials and changing the composition of base and sub-base layer suggested by IRC:37-2018. The different base and sub-base compositions like Granular Base, Granular Sub-base, cementitious Sub-base, and bitumen emulsion treated RAP layers are selected along with their design thickness and resilient modulus. The pavement is designed for rutting and fatigue life and examined by IIT - Pave later on. Also, perpetual pavement designs are opted out for some of the chosen layer combinations.

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