The objective of the project work is to observe the performance of copper vapor laser (CVL) in different operating conditions. In this project four different lengths of RG – 220 coaxial cables is used to simulate the CVL performance. Also comparison of all four lenths is presented in this paper. The length of coaxial cable plays an important role in the performance of copper vapor laser as if the length of coaxial cable increases the more attenuation can take place even when load impedance and characteristic impedance of the cable is matched. The simulations were carried out for different lengths of the coaxial cable i.e. 2meter, 3meter, 4meter and 5meter. The simulation results are presented here to obtain the best suitable condition to operate the copper vapor laser.

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In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply running on the train in the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step needs no fuel input power to generate the output of the electrical power. This project using simple drive mechanism such as rock and pinion assemble and chain drive mechanism. For this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and inverter control. We have discussed the various applications and further extension also. So this project is implemented to all foot step, the power generation is very high. The initial cost of this arrangement is high. In this Electrical Power Generation Using Foot Steps Project, we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on the footstep. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step needs no input power to generate the output of the electrical power. This project using a simple drive mechanism such as rock and pinion assembles and chain drive mechanism. For this project- Electrical Power Generation Using Foot Step the conversion of the force energy into electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and inverter control. We have discussed the various applications and further extension also.

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Protection of transformer is very challenging in power system relaying. Since it is very important to minimise the frequency and duration of unwanted outages, this is a high demand imposed on transformer protective relays. Various relaying principles have been proposed and used to protect transformers against different types of faults. Relays that used over current, over flux and overheating principles protect the transformer against overloads and externally applied conditions. Differential relay protect the transformer against internal faults.in this project we use microcontroller base relay to protect the transformer against all internal faults.

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With the quick development of huge scale on-line social networks, on-line knowledge sharing is turning into ubiquitous daily. Varied data is propagating through on-line social networks equally as each the positive and negative. Throughout this paper, we have a tendency to tend to tend to concentrate on the negative knowledge issues a bit like the on-line rumours. Rumour block would be a major downside in large-scale social networks. Malicious rumours may cause chaos in society and wanted to be blocked as before long as potential once being detected. throughout this paper, we have a tendency to tend to propose a model of dynamic rumour influence reduction with user experience (DRIMUX).Our goal is to chop back the influence of the rumour (i.e., the quantity of users that have accepted and sent the rumour) by block an explicit set of nodes. A dynamic Icing propagation model considering each the worldwide quality and individual attraction of the rumour is given supported realistic state of affairs. To boot, altogether fully totally different from existing issues with influence reduction, we have a tendency to tend to tend to want into thought the constraint of user expertise utility. Specifically, every node is assigned a tolerance time threshold. If the block time of every user exceeds that threshold, the utility of the network can decrease. Beneath this constraint, we have a tendency to tend to tend to then formulate cringe as a network reasoning downside with survival theory, and propose solutions supported most chance principle. Experiments unit of measurement enforced supported large-scale world networks and validate the effectiveness of our methodology.

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E farming is an android application that will help the farmers to perform the agro marketing leading to achieve success and increase in their standard of living and provide the farming community with better solutions for the proper management of their crop management, proper use of Fertilizers, diseased plants in better manner. An Authorized-agent would serve as a way for the farmers to sell their products in the different market. The Centralized market committee will have control on the Agents through business activities review. Application will also provide market-wise, commodity wise report to the farmer in interactive way. In rural area, the SMS facility would give the required market information where internet cannot be availed. Government will put forward the new schemes for the farmers. Unique interface will be provided for applying and viewing the schemes Farmers and the Agents will be provided with a Unique ID for logging into their accounts leading towards secure access.

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In traditional way of document verification process user has to present all documents which is very time consuming and hectic process as user need to travel to that place as well as he/she to carry all documents even when attending interview user need to carry all documents. When user authorized person wanted to appoint any employee then previous working details or behaviour of employee need to know so for that authorized person has to contact previous places where that employee worked which is time consuming process so this Document Mapper will helpful to get that details. If user lost his/her documents then he/she has to visit all universities and state board through which he/she complete his/her education and has to do lot of paperwork. This invention present new way for educational details tracking in this authorized person will ask user for finger print which is use to extract users documents from Document Mapper-database. As Document Mapper uses fingerprint of user which is unique identity of users it is easy to check and identify fraud documents. The educational global data base can store the all education detail (Like, 10th, 12th, UG, PG, etc.). Original documents store by only authorized person of the education organization with the help of user biometric input.

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A simple problem has been formulated as a part of this study and reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens, purposefully designed to be weak in shear are casted. M-25 concrete, Fe – 415 main steel and Fe – 250 stirrups are used for the experimentation. There are many external strengthening mechanisms are adopted to strengthen the beam weak in shear. Strengthening using CFRP wrap are carried out as a part of this study. The present work is an attempt in which measurement of various parameters like load at first crack, and load at failure, deflection at first crack and deflection at failure has been carried out. Also, an attempt has been made to compare different parameters and determine which mechanism is the best for maximum load carrying capacity.

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In the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), radio propagations from devices that are close to or inside the human body are complex and distinctive comparing to the other environments since the human body has a complex shape consisting of different tissues. Therefore, the channel models are different from the ones in the other environments. We present a literature survey on channel characterizations and modelling for WBAN. The interesting common result is that the propagation wave is diffracting around the human body rather than passing through it. The path loss is very high especially when the receive antenna is placed on the different side from the transmit antenna. The lognormal distribution turns to be the best fit for the small-scale fading rather than the traditional Rayleigh and Ricean distributions in the other environments. Moreover, the high correlation between delay bins is observed. In addition to the literature survey, we propose a procedure including the measurement campaigns and the channel characterizations to obtain the channel models with fulfilling what they are missing.

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Currently almost of the public having an own vehicle, theft is happening on parking and sometimes driving in security places. The safe of vehicle is extremely essential for a public vehicles. Vehicle tracking and locking system install in the vehicle, to track the place and locking engine motor. The place of vehicle identified using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System Module (GSM). This systems constantly watch a moving vehicle and report the status on demand. When the theft identified, the responsible person send SMS to the Arduino then Arduino issues control signal to stop the engine motor. Authorized person need to send SMS to Arduino to restart the vehicle. This is more secured, reliable and low cost security system.

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This paper aims at the study of potholes on the bituminous road surface and introducing the antistripping material to the bitumen to increase the durability of the road. Antistripping agents can eliminate the possibility of some instabilities in asphalt, such as crumbling and formation of holes. The idea is to introduce some of anti-stripping agent in the bituminous while contraction of the road to increase the life of the road from potholes and cracking. In this paper, the antistripping material 'bitugrip' is used to improve the adhesion properties of bitumen and aggregates. The stripping value decreases while increasing the percentage of bitugrip to the bitumen. An additional laboratory study was conducted to characterize the performance properties of the antistripping material. Overall, the addition of bitugrip has a positive influence on the adhesion properties between the aggregates and the bitumen and can be used to increase the durability of roads, thereby reduce the maintenance cost of the roads.

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Many problems are faced in industries such as decrease in efficiency of machine, transportation of product or machine and also replacement and assembling of heavy machine. Nowadays industrial crane, pellet jack, conveyor belt is used for transportation or material handling. But it has very high cost and it is also hazardous to operator. For this purpose this type of system is created that is easy to transport, low cost, not more required force, nearly friction free. We are developed air floating transportation system. This system transports heavy machine (20 kg to 1800 kg weight) and by giving little force (2N). In this pressurized air which is passed by compressor in air bearing. Air bearing is made out of neoprene rubber. And frame of air casters is made out mild steel and used tube structure. So that gravitational load and compressive load is easy to resist. In this system heavy load is floating with air floater so that material handling or transportation stays very easy. With the help of this technology, in future air compressed vehicle may be possible like hover bike and hover car.

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As far as the Indian scenario is considered economic growth is dependent on industrialization. Current picture states that 63% of development of industry is dependent on efficient use of machinery. In case of industry there is continuous requirement of transportation of material and this requirement is fulfilled by Conveyor system, Jib crane, Pallet jack, Automatic Guided Vehicles etc. Taking example of sugar mills there is requirement of transportation of materials like coal, biogases, sugar etc. These materials are in granular form and it is necessary to develop a proper transport system which is long lasting, having less maintenance, which can sustain heavy loading and shocks in rusty and dusty environment. Apart from that, other industries also use these chains frequently for process atomization. However, failure of this chain is challenging problem in these industries which causes huge losses to these industries and in turn economic growth of the state Chain conveyor has the advantage of high transmission efficiency for short distance transportation of materials over belt conveyors. Adding to its chain conveyor has disadvantage of deformation of chain link due to tension force and jerk. Frequent maintenance and timely lubrication is required to avoid corrosion of roller chain. Basically Solid Bearing Roller Chain is used in sugar industry for transportation of coal. Vital components of roller chain are outer and inner link which is also called as strip. The other important components are roller, pin and bushing. Constructional features of roller chain shows that inner and outer links are connected to each other by using pin which is press fitted between holes located on link plates. Press fit constrains a rotary motion of pin. Further pin and bush are assembled together with slip fit between them. Bushing is basically applied with bending, shock as well as shearing loads which is transmitted by inner and outer links to it. Bushing and roller are assembled using slip fit. Roller is subjected to impact loading when tooth of sprocket comes in contact with roller.

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Due to humans, industrial activities and Development of Urbanization the sewage and various contaminant disposals are more in near the water bodies (River, Lake, Ponds, etc.,). This contaminated surface water can influence to affect groundwater characteristics this is the serious problem nowadays. So, the analysis of water characteristics and checking its quality are very important to preserve eco system from pollution. The assessment of the groundwater quality was carried out to the KURUKKUPATTY Lake habitation in SALEM district (Tamilnadu). The present work is aimed to assessing the water quality for drinking purpose Near to the KURUKKUPATTY Lake habitation in SALEM district. The ground water samples of all the selected stations (6 main sample stations and 4control sample stations) from near to the Lake bank were collected for a physiochemical analysis. To find out the present water quality status, following are the 13 parameters have been considered Viz. pH, Temperature, Colour, Taste And Odour, Turbidity, Electric Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Hardness, Chloride. The obtained results are compared with Indian Standard Drinking Water specification IS: 10500-2012. The study of physiochemical characteristics of this groundwater sample suggests that the evaluation of water quality parameters as well as water quality management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the available water resources. The excess amount of contamination will be reduced by providing the suitable remedial measures and treatment; it depends on the available water quality and purpose of using this water by people.

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Prevention of fire and fire risk level control difficulty are increased day by day. Fire-fighting and monitoring situations are very serious today. Public security keep on insisting in increase of technology in firefighting and monitoring. They give special attention to improve the science and technology in resisting fire disasters. They are concerned about the application of new technology such as IoT and wireless sensor network in fire-fighting and monitoring field.

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The work is used to achieve the Real Time Communication between Deaf Dumb and Blind. Communication between these people is impossible as a way of conveying information by one person cannot be received by another. The system mainly includes camera, DB9 connector, speaker, microphone & display. The camera is mainly used to capture the colour designation from dumb. DB9 connector is used to interface controller with PC. Speaker is used to speak out for colour input given by dumb. Micro phone is used to give to the voice data base. The voice data base viewed in the admin end of the LCD. At the output side speaker will speak out the message and also LCD displays the message.

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Plant diseases cause major economic and production losses as well as curtailment in all quantiles and quantity of production, now a day’s for supervision of larger filed of crops. There is been increase demands for the plant leaf detection system. The critical is to monitor the health of the plant and detection of the disease. Observation shoes that most of the plant disease can be diagnosis by leaf properties. Thus, leaf-based disease analysis of crop is exciting new domain. The technique proposed for identify of crops disease through the leaf textual analysis and pattern recognition. In this project we focus on the various plant leaf disease detection. The system takes single leaf of a plant s an input and segmentation perform by removing background. The segmented leaf is analyzed through the filters to detect the disease potation. The segmented leaf textual is recovered using unique fraction-based feature. This textual format can provide good textual model as it is locally invariant in nature. This textual for every disease is different. Then this textual pattern is classified using SVM. The textual is mainly focus on the majorly disease observed on the plant. The proposed approach avails of agricultural expecting easily to farmers with accuracy of 80%.

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Today applications need numerous varieties of pictures as sources of knowledge for interpretation and examination. Image improvement is the methodology of applying completely different alterations to an input image to form the resultant image additional pleasing or to produce a higher rework presentation for future machine-driven image process techniques. Several pictures like medical pictures, pictures of satellites, and even world pictures suffer from poor sharpness and wheezy effects. This is crucial to reinforce the distinction and take away the noise to extend image normally. One is presenting a review of numerous image improvement techniques for sharpening improvement. However, these techniques are ready to bring noticeable changes within the pictures and generally conjointly produces unwanted artefacts in several cases. These issues ought to be resolved in order that higher improvement is also performed in future work. This paper proposes a brand new work for improvement by mistreatment computer science schemes.

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A number of user interact with website but it is difficult to understand their expectation in terms of content likes/dislike, entering location and exit without experiencing more and identifying user expectation. In existing content management system lacks in analyzing & visualization capabilities and traditional result to enhance user interaction. Thus, providing business intelligent tool that enhance better data analysis and visualization is a major challenge. In this paper, we provide automated solution which captures each and every user interactions to build a result set on which tool does the analysis and improving user experiences with more users interactive.

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The data in the world is ever increasing and with that comes the problem of storing the data in an efficient manner using limited storage. This containment of data will be very useful in controlling 'Big Data' by the methods of Data Warehousing. ETL tool is one such tool that does the job for us because it – Extracts the data from the source, Transforms it according to the user requirements and then Loads it back for the efficient usage of the quality data. This ETL process can be achieved using trademarked and open source tools. Oyster is an open source tool which is employed to resolve entities existing in the real world. Even though there exist other trademarked tools in the market, in this paper we demonstrate the applicability of Oyster, an open source tool which can perform equally.

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Exactness Agriculture is used to enhance the profitability and effectiveness of restricted agrarian assets by checking the applicable information in the field. The principle target of this think about is to send a minimal effort sensor framework, assemble field information, and show the information through a graphical UI (G UI). Sensors for example, stickiness, temperature, dampness was utilized for information obtaining and the Raspberry Pi, going about as a nearby server, was utilized for information handling what's more, exchange. The information sent was put away in a content document and sorted out. A GUI was produced to give representation of the information accumulated. The patterns of information accumulated uncovered example, for example, the event of a nearby most extreme for dampness directly after first light and the opposite relationship of mugginess what's more, temperature. The entire framework was verified to work by the utilization of compost to the dirt and seeing its reaction in the GUI.

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This paper is to develop biometric fingerprint Based Examination Validation systems that help in the removal of examination enactment. People sitting for examinations for others who collect the result at the end. With the implementation of biometric fingerprint, this will be removed as fingerprint identification will also be employed during collection of results and certificates. This target can be mainly breakdown into image pre-processing, feature extraction and feature match. For each sub-task, some classical and up-to-date methods in books are analysed. Based on the research, an integrated solution for fingerprint recognition is developed for affirmation.

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IoT-focused applications have become considerably more outstanding and give compelling answers for some constant issues. In this exploration, constant checking framework for house vitality meter is for the most part proposed. Gave design gives pervasive and constant usage of vitality use to the client by abusing the headway of IoT innovation. The proposed framework is reasonable since it takes a key redesign on the common meters than add up to exchange. Further, it genuinely is light-overabundance weight and little with the utilization of SoC for control and dialog. Through the test assessment, it truly is discovered that from the gathered information, you can get the style of use and furthermore brokenness inside the overarching framework. The offered capacity can likewise be drawn out to huge level that heap dispersed in your group could be approximated to ensure that the arrangement could be fortified to support execution

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There are lots onsite Internet of Things (IoT) based Agriculture Model have been proposed and implemented in several countries especially technology developed countries like US, Japan and China etc. But the scenario of India is different in comparison to technologically developed countries to implement IoT model due to some barriers, which are as follows (1) Electronic and IoT devices cost is higher and unaffordable by Indian farmers. (2) Electricity is not available in every rural areas and agriculture fields of India which is a bitter truth. (3) Internet is very costly in compare to the income of maximum agricultural farmers of India. (4) Majority of farmer is illiterate, poor and not technology friendly; they couldn’t operate smart phone, laptop and IoT devices till date. In the proposed model, Solar Panels based IoT (agricultural) embedded Drone with wireless internet connectivity has been filed over agriculture fields and collect data. It will be controlled and operated by government offices and NGO type organizations of Blocks. It eliminates all barriers to implement IoT in our Indian agriculture system. This model replaces onsite IoT model to remote IoT model as a intermediate solution with little variation of periodical data collection (i.e. less data produce periodically) but economically this model will be proven as a blessing especially for India. This model is developed especially for India and Indian states but it will also beneficial for other countries and states as well.

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From the past few years, the newspapers are often filled with news about smuggling of the trees like sandal. These trees are very costly and more useful in the medical sciences as well as cosmetics. To restrict such smuggling and to save the forests around the globe, some preventive measures need to be deployed. An antitheft alert system is developed to reduce deforestation. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as one of the most promising research areas in recent years and are widely recognized as powerful means to offer environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home or industrial automation and control, product quality monitoring, disaster areas monitoring and inventory tracking. This approach is aimed at detecting and verifying fires in rural and forest environments. The WSN based proposed model includes ZigBee, GPRS, Ethernet communication modules and solar energy harvesting modules. It also applies a node hopping scheme to reach the data server.

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With the rapid growth of various communication technologies, distribution of digital media (images, audio and video) over the internet has become easier. Consequently illegal copying or tampering of the media has also increased. In order to secure data for transmission, various watermarking schemes are used. Digital watermarking is a signal which embeds copyright information along with the data to be sent. This paper reviews the works done on robust digital Image watermarking.

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