Enhancing Power Quality in HVDC Systems: Analyzing the Role of Multipulse Converters in Harmonic Mitigation

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology is a critical enabler of modern power transmission, facilitating efficient, long-distance electricity transfer and seamless integration of renewable energy sources. A vital component of HVDC systems is the converter, which ensures the transition between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) while minimizing power quality issues such as harmonic distortion. Harmonics, caused by the non-linear behavior of power electronic devices, can degrade system performance, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. Multipulse converters have emerged as a key solution, leveraging multiple rectifiers and transformers to reduce harmonic distortion and enhance power quality. Configurations such as 6-pulse, 12-pulse, 24-pulse and 48-pulse converters offer varying levels of harmonic suppression, but each comes with trade-offs in complexity, cost, and physical footprint. This study investigates the performance of multipulse converter configurations in HVDC systems through MATLAB/Simulink-based simulations. It provides a comparative analysis of their harmonic mitigation capabilities, efficiency, and adaptability to dynamic grid conditions. The findings aim to inform the development of optimized HVDC converter designs, addressing current challenges and supporting the evolving demands of global power systems.