Design and Simulation of Solar PV System with MPPT using Perturb & Observe Method in MATLAB/Simulink

This paper presents the validation and implementation of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm using the Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems. Initially, the maximum power value is set to a reference level and is continuously updated by measuring the PV voltage and current at regular intervals. The instantaneous power is calculated and compared with the previously recorded maximum value. If the new power value is higher, it is updated as the new maximum power point. The algorithm continuously tracks the operating point to ensure maximum power extraction under varying environmental conditions. However, the conventional P&O method exhibits slight oscillations around the maximum power point. To reduce this effect, a minor modification in the step size adjustment has been incorporated, improving system stability and response. Furthermore, efficient power transfer is achieved by maintaining impedance matching between the source and load through appropriate control of the converter duty cycle. The complete system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results demonstrate improved performance and stable power output.