Performance Optimization Adopting Proposed Algorithm for Hybrid Grid-Connected PV System Along with Battery Energy Storage (BES)

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in modern power networks requires efficient control strategies to overcome the intermittency of solar energy and ensure reliable power supply. This paper presents a performance-optimized control algorithm for a hybrid grid-connected PV system integrated with Battery Energy Storage (BES). The proposed algorithm dynamically manages power flow among the PV array, battery, load, and utility grid based on real-time measurements of PV generation, load demand, and battery state of charge (SOC). Priority is given to maximizing PV power utilization while maintaining the battery within safe SOC limits and minimizing dependence on the utility grid. A detailed simulation model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink for a 5 kW PV array and a 3 kWh BES under variable load and real-time irradiance conditions. The system incorporates maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for optimal PV operation, SOC-based charging and discharging control for battery protection, and phase-locked loop (PLL)–based synchronization for grid interaction. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces grid power import, and enhances battery lifetime compared with conventional control approaches. The results also confirm stable DC bus voltage regulation and reliable power sharing under changing environmental and load conditions. The proposed control framework offers a practical and effective solution for smart grid applications and large-scale renewable energy integration.