Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Network

The wireless sensor networks have a great potential for its applications in various fields like military, environmental monitoring, home automation and health care. The wireless sensor nodes have the ability of sensing, processing and data communication. The main task of a sensor node is to sense the events from an environment, process the local data and then transfer that data to the destination. These nodes have many challenging factors affecting the performance of the sensor network. Since the nodes have limited energy sources and they expand more energy on data communication. The network lifetime is strongly dependent on overall energy consumption. Therefore, saving the energy is the major concern so as to prolong the network lifetime. In this review paper we have addressed the techniques to minimize the energy consumption and maximize the network lifetime. We have discussed routing and clustering protocols in this paper to reduce the power consumption in WSN.