Design and Development of a Machine for Extraction of Oil from Waste Orange Peels

An orange, specifically, the sweet orange is the most commonly grown tree fruit in the world. The present work addresses to the development of the part of the process needed for the extraction of value added products like orange oil and pectin from orange peel. Pectin can be found as an integral part of the primary cell wall and middle lamella of higher plants. It is high molecular weight polysaccharides and purified carbohydrate product obtained from the inner portion of the peels of citrus fruits also called as albedo. Generally, simple distillation and exaction by using different solvents to obtained essential oil and pectin from peels of citrus fruits. This research involves detection of the chemical constituents of orange peel; it contains alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, resins, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and sugars but not contains coumarins and steroids. In addition sugar, proteins, moisture and ash were determined and their percentage were (23.8%, 4%, 11.86%, 5.34%) respectively. Oil of orange peels was extracted and its percentage was 13.12%, then its anti-microbial activity was tested against micropathogen that include Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumonia, Psdumonas aeruginosa, Ecsherichia coli, Psudomonas fluorescenes.