Underwater Wireless Sensor Network Energy Efficiency-A Survey

Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is one of the most intimate methods used for high data rate transmission with higher fidelity. UWSN network contains a various number of sensors and vehicles that are distributed to perform tasks over a given area. Radio waves or high frequency waves strongly vitiated in water, the available radio modules such as Bluetooth, which operates in GHz, cannot work well in underwater. To overcome this problem, acoustic waves used in place of radio waves. Frequencies connected with underwater acoustics are between 10 Hz to 1 MHz Acoustic waves consume more energy than radio waves, so energy saving in UWSN is vital. Designing energy efficient routing protocol that amplifies throughput and minimizes power consumption is the most common issue in UWSN. The two dimensional architecture and various algorithms such as VBF, DUCS, GSA, REBAR for underwater sensor networks are discussed in this paper. The objective of this paper is to survey the existing network technology for underwater acoustic channel and essentially concentrate on increasing the energy efficiency of the network.