A Review Paper on Pneumatic Door Operation System in Trains with Cogeneration

Indian Railways is India's national railway system. Operated by the Ministry of Railways, IR carried 8.107 billion passengers (more than 22 million passengers per day), transported 1.101 billion tons of freight, and had 8,500 stations in the 2015-16 fiscal year.[2] It is the fourth-largest railway network in the world by size, with 119,630 kilometres (74,330 mi) of total track[4] and 92,081 km (57,216 mi) of running track over a 66,687-kilometre (41,437 mi) route at the end of 2015-16.[2] Forty-five per cent of its routes are electrified [5] with 25 kV AC electric traction.[2] Its track is mostly broad gauge, with short stretches of metre- and narrow-gauge track. Thirty-seven percent of its routes are double- or multi-tracked.[5] IR operates long-distance and suburban rail systems, and ran an average of 13,313 passenger trains daily in 2015-16. The trains have a five-digit numbering system. Mail or express trains, the most common types, run at an average speed of 50.9 kilometres per hour (31.6 mph).[6] At the end of 2015-16, IR's rolling stock consisted of 254,006 freight wagons, 70,241 passenger coaches and 11,122 locomotives (39 powered by steam, 5,869 by diesel fuel and 5,214 by electricity).[2] IR owns locomotive- and coach-production facilities at several locations in India. The world's eighth-largest employer, it had 1.33143 million employees at the end of 2015-16.[3] IR had earnings of ₹1.683 trillion (US$26 billion) in 2015–2016, consisting of ₹1.069 trillion (US$17 billion) in freight revenue and ₹442.83 billion (US$6.9 billion) in passenger revenue, and an operating ratio of 90.5 per cent in 2015-16. IR's Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) undertake research, design and standardisation. The railway has undertaken several initiatives to upgrade its ageing infrastructure and improve its quality of service. The Indian government plans to invest ₹9.05 trillion (US$140 billion) to upgrade IR by 2020. Hence we decided to take challenge to make project in this Train field to support energy conservation system.