A Consolidated Observations and Review over UWSN's Routing Protocols

The water is vast as it covers around 140 million square miles; more than 70% of the Earth's surface, and half of the world's population is found within the 100 KM of the sea areas. In many fields like adventurous purposes, existence of natural resources, transportation and defense UWSN playing vital role. With the growing role of sea in human life, determining these largely unexplored areas has gained more importance during the last decades. Recently, many researchers in these days choosing Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), because old methods for underwater monitoring missions have some weaknesses like they are using un-manned survey, high water pressure, unequal underwater events. UWSNs is quickly increasing interests of researchers as it collects and monitor data for groups of underwater robots, pollution monitoring applications, equipment control and equipment monitoring. The main aim is to enhance various issues and create a new set of routing protocols inside important changes in the underwater wireless sensor network and terrestrial network. In UWSN underwater sensor nodes run on the batteries, so, if once node is installed, it's very difficult exchange or charge. By this efficiency of energy plays main role in UWSN. Initially we consolidated routing protocols into categories. After this we discussed future research issues of routing protocols are sensibly examined and also perform comparison of routing protocols.