A Survey of Energy Efficient Cluster Head Selection Technique in Leach Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of small sensors with low weight and low battery power. A sensor network is a comprised of sensing, processing, communication ability which helps to observe, instrument, React to events and phenomena in a specified environment. Sensor cannot have an infinite lifetime without battery recharge or replacement. Sensors are divided and collected as group called clusters to collect the data from where it is deployed. Clusters are maintained by Cluster Head and it maintains the transmission process which needs high energy. Cluster formation and selection of Cluster Head (CH) are important problems in sensor network application and drastically affect the network lifetime. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is good hierarchical protocol. In this paper, first outline the basics of wireless sensor network, then overview of LEACH protocol, describe review of several cluster head selection method in LEACH protocol based on energy consumption, lifetime of the nodes are defined.