Mixed Minkowski Hybrid Fractel Antenna

An antenna is an electrical device which is constructed by current conducting element. Antenna is a transducer which converts the radio frequency into alternative current is known as receiving antenna and alternative current is transmitted in the form of radio frequency is called transmitting antenna. The basic microstrip antenna consist of a rectangular patch is mounted on substrate and the ground plane is used at bottom of substrate. Both patch and ground is perfect electric conductor. There are many types of dielectric substrate material such as FR4 epoxy, Rogger, Arlon, glass. These substrates are having different properties like height, dielectric constant, relative permittivity. There are four types of feeding techniques like line feeding, coaxial cable feeding, aperture feeding, proximity feeding. The strip which is connected to patch is known as microstrip feed line. A Fractal shaped antenna for GPS and aircraft surveillance application is introduced in this paper. This design exhibits the behaviour of multiband fractal geometry having acceptable value of Return loss (RL), VSWR and Gain (G). Then geometry of proposed antenna has been investigated until good value of gain has not obtained at lower frequency L1 (1.2 GHz) and L2 (1.575 GHz) which is suitable for GPS. Due to small in size antenna can used in handheld device like aircraft surveillance. Result of proposed antenna show multiband behaviour and work on four resonant frequencies (3.1 GHz, 4.5 GHz, 7.1 GHz, 9.6 GHz). On other hand modified antenna covers two resonant frequencies (1.1 GHz, 6.9 GHz). The simulated result of modified fractal antenna shows 600 MHz bandwidth and 6.6 dB gain. The proposed antenna is simulated in High frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software tool.