Utilization of Paper Mill Waste as a Fine Aggregate in Cement Concrete

The rapid increase in construction activities leads to active shortage of conventional construction materials such as cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Researches were searching for economic materials that can be used as substitute for building materials. The current investigation is focused on the strength of concrete specimen in compression in which fine aggregate (sand) is partially replaced by paper mill waste. In India, mostly river sand is used as fine aggregate. Paper mill wastes pose problem of disposal and health hazard and also fills up the bed of the rivers if discharged into rivers directly. Some companies burn their sludge in incinerators, raising concern about major air pollution problems. Mainly two kinds of wastes are generated, i.e. fibrous sludge called reject which is biodegradable called as Hypo sludge and the waste removed at the time of whitening of the paper known as Brine Sludge. To reduce disposal and pollution problems emanating from these industrial wastes, it is most essential to develop Profitable, Eco-friendly and Low cost building materials from them. In the dissertation work, fine aggregate (sand) was replaced by paper mill waste accordingly in the proportion of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of fine aggregate for M40 concrete mix at 0.40 water/cement ratio. The compressive strength test and slump cone test was carried out on different concrete mix contain hypo sludge and brine sludge. So the aim of the investigation is to study the behavior of higher grade concrete while replacing the hypo sludge and brine sludge with sand at different proportions in concrete. Test results was reflected, that the optimum value of hypo sludge and brine sludge in terms of compressive strength is 10% without effecting properties of fresh and hardened concrete.