Selection of Better Material for an IC Engine Piston Subjected to Gas Load

Now days the engine manufacturers are concentrating more on reducing the engine emissions like CO, HC, NOx and particulate matter (PM). For the reduction of these above said engine exhaust emissions, combustion system plays very important role. For effective combustion system, various parameters like combustion pressure, compression ratio, proper fuel mixing and ignition timing etc are very important. In this scenario, lot of research has been carried out on arriving at a piston design which can give effective fuel mixing, high compression ratio. Due to high market competition in automotive sector, it has become always important to produce components for minimum cost at the same time satisfying all the necessary requirements. So there is a need for the piston design which can give all the above said capabilities. At the same time, it should be light weight, low cost, structurally and thermally withstandable at very high pressure and temperature conditions that will occur in the combustion process. The Kirloskar TV1 diesel engine producing a rated output of 5.2Kw at 1500rpm is considered for the study. Pressure – crank angle plots are used to get load curves. Gas forces are calculated from these curves using suitable formulae. Analysis software ANSYS13 workbench is used to study the stress distribution and deformation on the Piston using static structural analysis. The dimensions are physically measured to obtain the CAD model of IC engine piston in CATIA V5.A study was performed on a piston with a consideration different material properties, stress& selection of better material for the piston.