In this paper, A High Bandwidth Low Power Supply CMOS Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) is designed and analyze the effect of various aspect ratios on the characteristics, which operates at 1.2V power supply using 0.09μm CMOS technology. The Op-Amp designed is a two-stage CMOS Op-Amp. The Op-Amp is designed to exhibit a unity gain frequency of 30.87MHz and exhibits a gain of 39.86 dB. The task of CMOS Op-Amp design optimization is investigated in this work.

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The study is carried out in the city of Anand. The objective of the study is to find the optimal route length of Vallabhipur Transportation Cooperative Society Pvt. Ltd. (VTCOS) buses selected routes. Various data are being collected such as primary and secondary data for the existing network of the bus service. Here the study is done by using TransCAD software. Software provides useful tools such as road network links, shortest paths, etc. The data was inserted in the software to make road network maps and shortest paths. The data is collected including, passenger capacity, route length, time per trip, total trips made per day, Boarding and Alighting survey of passengers is carried out for each route. Research it is seen that the bus service does not run throughout the city of Anand. Some of the routes are having very low load factors, thus buses are running empty and some routes are so largely used that increase in number of buses is advised. A circular route and an alternate route for route 7 is suggested from the study.

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The increased traffic and complex modern road network have made finding a good route from one location to another a difficult task. There are many search algorithms that have been proposed to solve this problem. The most well-known among them are Dijkstra’s algorithm, and A*. While these algorithms are effective for route finding, they are wasteful in terms of computational overhead. In this paper a novel algorithm M*(pronounced as M Star) is suggested for intelligent route finding which uses better evaluation criteria and the notion of cumulative proximity score. This proposed technique will reduce the time and space requirements in computation, and also produces better result in terms of accuracy and shortness of path found.

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The paper over here deals with analysis and fabrication of a roll cage. The roll cage is just a skeleton of an automobile. It also plays a very important role as a protestant for the driver and the vehicle. Here,analysis and fabrication of a roll cage has been done with respect of various loading tests conducted like front, torsion and rear. The main focus has been done on the roll cage for improving the performance of vehicle without any failure with the help of analysis and Rulebook of SAE-BAJA 2015.

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Every human has distinct physiological as well as behavioral characteristics and to recognize each individual we need a biometric system that provides a wide variety of reliable personal recognition schemes either in form of confirmation or determination. The purpose of such schemes is to make sure that the services are only accessed by a genuine user, and no one else use of it. This includes fingerprint, voice, face, gait, iris, signature, hand geometry etc. Mainly the biometric system consists of four main modules i.e. sensor module, feature extraction module, matching module and decision module. In a biometric system, sensor module is the first module so it is very essential to have accurate acquisition of data over there. In this paper various type of fingerprint sensors are discussed in detail. There are some parameters like pixel density, resolution, SN ratio, motion blur, gray scale etc. of these sensors which are also included. Sensors also encounter some challenges like durability, dry & wet finger, noisy data, spoof attacks etc. Finally the list of most deployed sensors with their parameters.

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Cloud computing is the emerging phase in the Internet's evolution, where it provides means through which power of computing, infrastructure of computing, computer applications and other business services can be delivered to businesses and individual as a service wherever and whenever they need. Using cloud storage, users can store their data remotely and enjoy the required high-quality applications and services from a shared pool of Configurable computing resource without the burden of local data storage and maintenance. A directory server is created that allows its registered users to access server information with remote logins that are secured by Kerberos authentication protocol (Third party Auditing-TPA) for secure communication over insecure channels. The original password or user credential, does not travel in the network and thus the transaction is more secure. Unlike usual authentications which verify login credentials with stored credentials, Kerberos authentication works by using the concept of principal credentials that are temporary credentials and temporary keys that are time stamped. A key distribution center manages production of tokens. Verification is done by a two way authentication of the principal login credentials by combining the generated token and the principal login in an encryption decryption process along with the stored credentials.

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The ability to monitor the progress of students’ academic performance is a critical issue and monitoring student academic performance is not an easy task. Many factors could act as barriers to students attaining and maintaining high scores throughout the academic career. Moreover such type of problems could be solved with the help of data mining techniques. The prediction of academic results shows the students overall academic performance during their tenure and enables them to cope with academics easily. The proposed study aims to develop an effective decision classifier for monitoring and predicting students’ academic performance using clustering techniques. One such method investigated in this model is Self Organizing Map or SOM clustering technique. This method is applied to the student data set and the results are predicted.

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Preserving the privacy of pictures keeps exploitation face de identification and face swapping is unreliable since these techniques reduced the chance of automatic face recognition, so the first image is lost. So as to supply additional security to the digital image, visual cryptography is planned. during this case, personal face image is dithered into two host face pictures that square measure keep in two different online servers specified the private image is discovered only each sheets square measure at the same time accessible. At a similar time, the individual sheet pictures don't reveal the identity of the non-public image. 1) The possibility of hiding a private face image in two host face images and successful matching of face images reconstructed from the sheets. 2) The inability of sheets to reveal the identity of the private face image.

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In the last few years the development of new materials show deep growth but the major problem is its machining. So it is necessary adopt new machining methods. Face milling is very common method for finishing of new materials and machined materials. For increasing productivity, it is necessary that machining should be optimized to get maximum profit. In the optimization of milling, process parameters are (spindle speed, tool feed and depth of cut) affects the output (Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness).The present work is aimed at developing an efficient method for determination of best combination of these machine process parameters which could maximize the material removal rate and minimize the surface roughness.

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Tremendous amount of data being collected is increasing speedily by computerized applications around the world. Hidden in the vast data, the valuable information is attracting researchers of multiple disciplines to study effective approaches to derive useful knowledge from within. Among various data mining objectives, the mining of frequent patterns has been the focus of knowledge discovery in databases. This thesis aims to investigate efficient algorithm for mining including association rules and sequential patterns. Many algorithms have been proposed from last many decades including horizontal layout based techniques, vertical layout based techniques, and projected layout based techniques. But most of the techniques suffer from repeated database scan, Candidate generation (Apriori Algorithms), memory consumption problem and many more for mining frequent patterns. As in retailer industry many transactional databases contain same set of transactions many times, to apply this thought, in this thesis present an improved Apriori algorithm that guarantee the better performance than classical Apriori algorithm.

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This paper explains the failure analysis of drive adaptor of hydraulic torque wrench tool used in Minar Hydro System Pvt. Ltd. situated to nearby MIDC. This project work states how the failure taken place and what are the preventive actions to be taken to avoid failure .In this work the CAD model is prepared using Creo software. And the failure analysis is conducted using Ansys software and further preventive action carried out by proper heat treatment process. In this paper the essential factors required for failure analysis of drive adaptor of hydraulic torque wrench are taken into consideration and discussed in brief. This failure of drive adaptor is taken place due to twisting force acting on the end area of drive adaptor during testing of this tool. The Hydraulic torque wrench tools are designed in such a way that it can handle the strong and toughest bolting jobs and machine structure accurately, precisely and quickly as per requirement. Drive adaptor assembled with hydraulic torque wrench tool enabling the operator to quickly switch and operate from tightening to loosening applications using hydraulic power pack system which supplies pressure of about 700 bars.

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The cylindrical vessels are used for storing fluids at high pressure. In cylinder the stress distribution is not uniform. Distribution of stress in the juncture area and the rest will differ vessel cause a geometric discontinuity of the vessel wall. So a stress concentration is created around the opening. The junction may fail due to these high stresses. Hence a detailed analysis is required to determine the stress distribution along the junction. Using the ASME formulae the discontinuity forces and moments are determined from which displacements and stresses are found out for individual as well as whole juncture. The stresses developed in pressure vessel is analyzed by using ANSYS. As a thick cylinder storing fluid with large internal pressure has second order non-linear variation in the hoop stress across the wall. For more uniform hoop stress distribution, compound cylinders are formed by shrinkage process where outer cylinder is heated until it will slide freely over inner cylinder thus exerting the required shrinkage pressure on cooling. Using the calculated shrinkage pressures between two contacting cylinders, it is possible to reduce the hoop stress and make it more or less uniform over the thickness. The methodology for minimization of volume of shrink-fitted three layer compound cylinder and to get equal maximum hoop stresses in all the cylinders. The analytical results are validated in comparison with FEM in ANSYS Workbench.

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The development of internet causes the explosive growth of images. It is not possible to handle that amount of images using the conventional method. So there is a need for new method that can handle a huge amount of data and provides the more accurate results to the user. Therefore, we are introducing a new method for retrieving image called as “Content Based Image Retrieval Using Hadoop Map reduce”. The main objective of this is to handle a huge amount of data with the principle of parallel processing.

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In this paper we proposed a new authentication method which is based on secret sharing technique with self repair capability. In this paper, we take color image then each block of that image genarate the authentication signal. Then we apply the Shamir secret sharing method. In that method each block of image are transfered into several shares. Then we apply alpha channel plane for PNG image formation. After that that PNG image is encrypted using chaotic logistic map and forms the stego image. This stego image is received by the receiver. If the image is tampered then we used the Reverse Shamir secret algorithm and repair that tampered image and get the original image.

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To improve security of the various devices, the graphical password is memorable authentication method for authorization. But when a Personal Identification Number (PIN) entered as a numeric password in mobile or stationary systems, the Shoulder Surfing Attack (SSA) becomes great concern. To prevent SSA and to establish a secure transaction, The Multi color Technique and The Session key mechanism is proposed. In Multi color method, every numeric key is visually split into two halves and each half filled with two distinct colors simultaneously; So there exist four color groups on the numeric keypad and two colors for every numeric key. Session key mechanism constructed based on the basic layout of vertical array of digits from 0 to 9 with another array of ten familiar Symbols. This method make harder for a criminal to obtain PINs even if the iteration are fully observes the entire input of a PIN entry procedure. For Secure transaction, A One Way Hash is generated to Validated PIN and is sent to Server in public channel so that an active attacker cannot extract the PIN by monitoring the channel. Once Server Authenticated the PIN, Quick Response for the Mobile App will be redirect the user to the Services.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become the most widely adopted technology in wireless communication systems. Usage of OFDM is limited mainly by its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Selected mapping (SLM) is well-known technique for peak-power reduction in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). Proposed technique is modified SLM scheme. SLM is applied for peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The output of modified technique is clipped at transmitter end and the out grown clipped signal is also passed through channel with original clipped signal and then they are added for further processing at receiver end. PAPR reduction is achieved with reasonably good BER with this hybrid technology.

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Combined mining as a general approach to mining for informative patterns which combine elements from either multiple information sets method or multiple options or by multiple ways on demand. It is a general methodology for directly distinctive patterns which introduce constituents from multiple sources or with heterogeneous options like covering enumeration, performance, and business money. In certain situations, a single method or one-step mining is often limited in discovering informative knowledge. It is crucial to develop effective approaches for mining patterns combining necessary information from multiple compatible business lines, provisioning line of work for real business settings and decision-making actions rather than just providing a single line of patterns. The recent years have seen increasing efforts on mining more instructive patterns, e.g. combining frequent pattern mining with classifications to generate frequent pattern-based classifiers. Rather than extending a specific algorithm, this paper builds our existing works and proposes combined mining as a general approach to mining for informative patterns combining components from either multiple data sets or multiple features or by multiple methods on demand. We summarize extensive frameworks, paradigms, and basic processes for multifeature combined mining, multisource combined mining, and multimethod combined mining. Different types of combined patterns, It can be such as incremental cluster patterns, can result from such frameworks, which cannot be directly produced by the existing methods. A set of real-world case studies has been conducted to test the frameworks, with some of them briefed in this paper.

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Micro strip antennas are planar resonant cavities that leak from their edges and radiate. Printed circuit techniques can be used to etch the antennas on soft substrates to produce low-cost and repeatable antennas in a low profile. The antennas fabricated on compliant substrates withstand tremendous shock and vibration environments. Manufacturers for mobile communication base stations often fabricate these antennas directly in sheet metal and mount them on dielectric posts or foam in a variety of ways to eliminate the cost of substrates and etching. This also eliminates the problem of radiation from surface waves excited in a thick dielectric substrate used to increase bandwidth. A Micro strip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. In this work we are simulating Microstrip patch antenna using three different substrates. The designing has been done in IE3D software which is an EM solver and works on the principle of moments of method. Our main aim is to comparatively study different parameters of antenna such as Return Loss, Bandwidth, Gain, and Directivity & VSWR.

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The additive of magnesium chloride with potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (KDP) modifies some of its spectral, thermal, hardness, linear and nonlinear properties. The nonlinear optical single crystal of pure and magnesium chloride added KDP was grown by slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study shows that it belongs to tetragonal system. FTIR spectral analysis was carried out on the material to validate the presence of functional groups. UV visible spectra was recorded for the samples to analyze the transparency in visible and near Infrared (NIR) region. Atomic absorption study reveals the presence of additives in the crystal. The thermal stability has been analyzed by using TG/DTA studies. The Microhardness analysis of the grown crystals was studied. Its nonlinear optical property was tested by using Kurtz powder method and found to have better SHG efficiency than that of potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (KDP).

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A zeta converter eliminates many of the limitations in the previous version of DC-DC converters like sepic, buck and buck-boost converters. But due to its open loop operation there is discontinuity in the output current whenever there is variation in the load. Due to this discontinuous conduction, power factor is affected at the input supply and hence high RMS values of the currents causes high levels of stress in the semiconductors. Our proposed work increases the power factor near to unity using novel control algorithm. Novel control algorithm(NCA) is a technique in which power factor is corrected using parameters available at the input and the output side of the converter. This technique does not require any separate circuit for power factor correction and it is implemented using a microcontroller.

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Biometric system provides a mechanism to identify or verify every individual on the basis of their biometric traits. As every system is prone to attack by intruders so this system can also be breached by an imposter by gaining access to the personalized data of a legitimate user and getting unauthorised access. The biometric system needs to become more secure by using different techniques and one such technique is liveness detection. Liveness Detection can be used to detect whether the input is being given by a live user or some imposter is providing non-live or fake data. This paper presents a brief overview about some techniques which can be used to detect liveness in the different input samples being presented.

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In the current decade, the areas of sensor design, information technologies, and wireless networks have paved the way for the proliferation of wireless sensor networks. These networks have the potential to provide practical usefulness in developing a large number of applications, including the protection of civil infrastructures, habitat monitoring, health care etc. However, the design of wireless sensor networks introduces formidable challenges. Energy is a scarce resource in the network. However, minimizing energy consumption does not neither necessarily prolong the network's lifetime, nor does it ultimately supports the QoS constraints imposed by the specific applications. The unique characteristics and constraint present many new challenges to the design and implementation of WSNs such as energy conservation, efficient data dissemination and fault tolerance. There are plenty of MAC and routing protocols available for wireless sensor networks. Efficient data dissemination is big challenges for WSNs. Directed diffusion protocol rectifies many problems of efficient data dissemination; reducing the energy consumption of WSNs nodes, robust communication thus increasing the overall network lifetime. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of data dissemination routing protocols under sensor MAC by which we can find out reduction in energy consumption through simulation studies.

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The abstract Email Clustering is a technique of clustering group of emails together and to form a specific labels which will define the meaning of the mails in it. Email plays a vital role in our day to day life. Human beings can never be satisfied. The hunger never ends. Due to this, in every sector, the advancement in technology never stops. We use emails daily for our official work, personal work etc. to make email system easier, labels and clusters are generated.

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In this paper an analysis is made of the relation between the general and specific topics of management and the six-sigma approach. a typical process of quality improvement has six phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control and Technology Transfer. DMAIC (T) is a well-known and highly utilized process for design for six-sigma. Product design is a process of creating new product by an organization or business entity for its customer. Six-sigma utilizes quality tools in the design process in order to avoid future problem in the product. The six-sigma methodology was applied through the implementation of DMAIC. The analysis of the problem an identification of areas for improvement was carried out developing different tools. Six-sigma provides an effective mechanism to focus on customer requirements through improvement of process quality. Six-sigma projects are being carried out with the objective of improving on time delivery, product quality and in-process quality. Six-sigma must after how people actually behave at work and, to this end, various behavioral and work process are key to achieving these aspirations. Implications are discussed with regard to performance management processes in organizations.

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In the recent past, large scale databases and files have grown beyond the capabilities and capacities of commercial database management systems. Parallel processing is very much essential to process a massive volume of data in a timely manner. Field of healthcare and medical industry is always in need for newer ways of analysing and making senses of the data available with them. Cancer related data analytics is always pushing it frontiers in deploying effective and efficient ways of analysing cancer related data. This paper deals with usage of random forest approach and distance based outlier’s detection for cancer detection in large datasets

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